Nutritional Status Of Tuberculosis Patients Research Articles

Assessment of utilization of nutritional support scheme vis a vis nutritional status of tuberculosis patients on nutritional support scheme

IntroductionTuberculosis and undernutrition is a well-known association and form a vicious cycle. A nutritional support scheme under the name of NIKSHAY POSHAN YOJANA (NPY) was launched in April 2018 where a direct bank transfer of INR 500 was made to the patients enrolled in the NIKSHAY portal monthly to support the nutritional needs of the patients. The study was undertaken to study the implementation and utilization of the benefit among tuberculosis patients. MethodsA total of 1000 patients were enrolled in the study who have completed their treatment under the Tuberculosis unit of Rao Tula Ram Memorial Hospital in South West Delhi. ResultsMean age ±S.D. of the study participants was 33.94 ± 15.38 years. Majority (55.2%) were males. More than half (51.6%) of the study participants had not received the incentive money till the completion of their treatment while 53.9% of the participants had received at least one installment but not all of them. Amongst those who received, 90.1% of participants spent it on their nutrition while the remaining spent it on other expenses. The major reason for not receiving the incentive or the delay in receiving it was found to be lack of funds with the Government (84.5%) or lack of communication with the healthcare workers (29.1%). The improvement in their nutritional status (weight and BMI) was found significant in all the participants while it was comparatively more among those who received the monetary suport than those who did not receive it. ConclusionThe nutritional support scheme had a significant improvement in the nutritional status of the beneficiaries. It can be improved with better communication from the healthcare workers and timely implementation so that beneficiaries can receive the benefit in time during their disease.

Analysis of Dietary and Nutritional Status of Tuberculosis Patients in Hulunbuir Region.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Malnutrition is a common complication of TB and can worsen the disease outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, as well as the dietary structure, of TB patients in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia, China. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the nutritional status in order to provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of TB and related issues. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 334 randomly selected TB patients from Hulunbuir City Second Hospital. A questionnaire survey was administered to collect information on demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and food intake. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI). Dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on the number of food groups consumed in the previous 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics employed rates and composition ratios, and categorical data was represented using frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to analyze the association between nutritional status and other variables, with a significance level set at α=0.05. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent factors affecting the nutritional status of TB patients. The univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the nutritional status (as measured by BMI) among tuberculosis patients, considering ethnicity, educational level, smoking, meat-based diet, vegetable consumption, and DDS grading. No statistically significant differences were found regarding gender, age, marital status, occupation, sleep duration, alcohol consumption, and consumption of rice and flour dishes. Statistically significant variables from the univariate analysis were included in a multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis model. The findings highlighted that educational level (high school or below), smoking, meat-based diet, DDS scores of 1-3, and a primarily vegetable-based diet had independent effects on the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients (all P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in nutritional status between the Han ethnic group and other ethnicities. The study revealed that the dietary and nutritional status of TB patients in Hulunbuir City was suboptimal and influenced by several factors. Smoking, meat-based diet, and low dietary diversity score were the primary risk factors for malnutrition among TB patients. The study suggests that nutritional education and intervention programs should be implemented for TB patients to improve their dietary quality and nutritional status.

A community-based cross-sectional study of dietary composition and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in China

To determine the dietary structure and its associated factors of tuberculosis (TB) patients in the community. This cross-sectional study analysed the dietary intake of 300 TB patients in two impoverished counties in China. Food intake was collected by using food frequency and two consecutive 24-h dietary review (24hdr) methods. The dietary composition and dietary structure of TB patients were compared with China’s 2022 Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) and the average reference value of dietary composition (ARC) in China in 2013. Binary logistic regression models were used to explore the factors associated with inadequate intake of animal food, insufficient protein and fat energy supply in patients with TB. The daily intake of various foods in TB patients was measured and the results were as follows: staple foods—median 372.12 g (interquartile range [IQR] 315.87 g); vegetables—median 200.00 g (IQR 205.55 g); fruits—median 20.22 g (IQR 36.82 g); animal foods—median 100.82 g (IQR 180.74 g); dairy products—median 0.00 g (IQR 0.00 g); nuts—median 17.10 g (IQR 29.75 g). The average daily intakes of vegetables, fruits, animal food, dairy products, soy and nuts were lower than those recommended by the DRIs (P < 0.01). Compared to women, men consumed more whole grains and mixed legumes, but less fruit. The dietary structures, including food and nutrient supply for energy, protein and fat, were significantly different in 300 patients compared with DRIs or ARC values. Inadequate rates of animal food intake were observed in 54.85% of men and 59.57% of women. Protein undersupply rates were 66.02% in men and 56.38% in women, while fat undersupply rates were 52.91% in men and 52.13% in women. The study revealed that being 18–49 years old, being the Han nationality, having less than 2 h of physical activity per day on average, and eating twice a day were risk factors for inadequate animal protein intake, protein energy deficiency and fat energy deficiency. TB patients from impoverished counties in China have inadequate intake of several food categories and insufficient protein and fat energy supply, correlating with multiple factors in socio-demographics, behavioral practices, and TB disease. To improve the nutritional status of TB patients, urgent public health actions, especially carrying out nutritional screening and evaluation once diagnosed, developing individualized nutritional support treatment plans, strengthening dietary nutritional health education and intervention, and advocating for enhanced nutritional support, should be taken.

Nutritional Status of Tuberculosis Patients in Against Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase Levels

Background: Treatment of Tuberculosis patients are given in the form of a drugs combination. Some drugs which are Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid and Rifampicin can provide hepatotoxic side effects. Specific sign of hepatotoxic occurrence is increasing in the Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase levels. One of factors that influence hepatotoxicity is nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and levels of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase in tuberculosis patients.Methods: A non-experimental correlation study, retrospective approach with total sampling method, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Located at tCommunity Lung Health Center (BKPM) Ambarawa area. The analysis used the Spearman rank correlation testResults: Based on the test results of Spearman Rank correlation test, the correlation coefficient (r) is -0.267. Hypothesis test results also showed 0.037 (p-value &lt;0.05), which means the existence of a significant correlation between variabels.Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and levels of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase in tuberculosis patients.

The Effect of Nutrition Education on Nutritional Status of Tuberculosis Patients

Most prevalent deadly contagious disease Tuberculosis (TB) is resulted due to an acid-fast bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) for tuberculosis patients: Early implementation challenges in Delhi, India

BackgroundNutrition support is one of the essential factors for envisioning Tuberculosis (TB) elimination in India by 2025. In this regard, Government of India introduced Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) as monthly financial assistance towards nutrition for TB patients in April, 2018. Assessment of early implementation challenges of the scheme is essential. Objective(a) To determine the number (proportion) of TB patients who received the benefits (b) to explore the challenges encountered by the health care providers in delivering the NPY through DBT (c) to explore the ways the incentives were utilised by the patients. Material and methodsIt was a cross-sectional study conducted among patients registered for TB treatment at Ladosarai and Mehrauli DOTS centre between July–September, 2018.Health providers engaged in implementation of NPY at the study sites were also interviewed. The data were collected through structured questionnaires, double entered and analyzed in Epi Data. ResultsOut of 119 patients registered, we interviewed 57 (47.9%) patients. Of which, 30 (52.6%) had received NPY for 2 months in the fourth and fifth month of treatment. The health providers reported increased workload, lack of training and complex reporting formats as main hurdles in implementation of the scheme. While, the patients cited non-availability of bank accounts and unlinked bank account with Aadhar card as difficulties to receive NPY through DBT. ConclusionNearly half of the interviewed TB patients received nutritional incentives of NPY through DBT for 2 months. Non-availability of bank accounts and unlinked bank accounts were some challenges faced by both health providers and patient. It is recommended to address these implementation on time in order to reap the benefit of scheme in improving nutritional status of TB patients. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of nutrition support on TB patients.

Nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, a comparative cross-sectional study

BackgroundEach year, more than 13.7 million people became an active case of tuberculosis and more than 1.5 million cases of TB patient will die. The association between TB and malnutrition is bi-directional, TB leads the patient to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases the risk of developing active TB by 6 to 10 times. Improving the nutrition of individual greatly reduces tuberculosis. The aims of this study were to assess the nutritional status and determinants of underweight among TB patients.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented. The sample size was calculated using 95% CI, 90% power, the prevalence of malnutrition in TB patients 50%,TB patients to TB free resident ratio of 3, the design effect of 2 and a 5% non-response rate. Systematic random sampling was used to select TB patients and simple random sampling technique was used to select TB free residents. The data were collected from July 2015–May 2018. The data were collected by interviewing the patient, measuring anthropometric indicators and collecting the stool and blood samples. The data were entered into the computer using Epi-info software and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to find the proportion of malnutrition. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of malnutrition.ResultsA total of 5045 study participants (1681 TB patients and 3364 TB free residents) were included giving for the response rate of 93.1%. The prevalence of underweight among TB patients was 57.17% (95% CI: 54.80, − 59.54%) and 88.52% of TB patients were anemic. The prevalence of malnutrition (underweight) among TB free residents was 23.37% (95% CI: 21.93–24.80). The nutritional status of TB patients was determined by site of infection AOR: 0.68 [0.49–0.94], sex of the patient AOR: 0.39 [0.25–0.56], residence AOR: 3.84 [2.74–5.54], intestinal parasite infection AOR: 7 [5.2–9.95], problematic alcohol use AOR: 1.52 [1.17–2.13].ConclusionHigh proportions of TB patients were malnourished. TB patients were highly susceptible to malnutrition and even a very distal reason for malnutrition in the community became a proximal cause for TB patients.

Dietary Practice and Nutritional Status of Tuberculosis Patients in Pokhara: A Cross Sectional Study.

Background: Undernutrition increases the risk of progression from Tuberculosis (TB) infection to active TB disease and further leads to weight loss. Proper diet and nutrition play significant roles in treating TB patients. Active TB needs high energy requirement. The main aim of this study is to assess the dietary intake and nutritional status of TB patients in Pokhara city of Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 133 TB patients taking anti-tubercular drug. Data were collected using sequential sampling method. Data were collected from 4th October to 7th November, 2016.Results: This study revealed that about one-fifth of TB patients did not consume sufficient amount of calories as per RDA. More than one-third of patients were underweight during the time of registration and this is reduced to 21.8 percent in the present situation. Mean BMI was 20.99 kg/m2 (SD ± 5.81). Similarly, the mean BMI among Pulmonary TB (PTB) is 19.82 and 22.52 kg/m2 in Extra PTB. Working conditions and food intake frequency were significantly associated with calorie intake. This study found that the amount of calories, food frequency per day, types of TB, and nutritional status during registration were found to be associated with recent nutritional status. The statistical difference between mean BMI at registration and recent BMI and mean weight at registration and recent weight.Conclusion: Nutritional status has improved comparatively from the time of registration to the time of study. Proper nutritional counseling should be given to TB patients along with nutritional support to severely malnourished patients, and nutritional assessment of TB patients should be done periodically.

Malnutrition in tuberculosis: value of fat-free mass and creatinine-height index

The association between tuberculosis (TB) and undernutrition has long been known. TB worsens undernutrition and undernutrition weakens immunity, thereby increasing the likelihood that latent TB will develop into active disease. The aim of the study was to measure the fat-free mass, creatinine-height index (CHI) and other anthropometric measures, and serum albumin to assess the nutritional status of TB patients and to estimate the value of these indexes as prognostic factors of the disease. The present prospective analytic case–control study was conducted in the Chest Department, Assiut University Hospital. The nutritional status of 61 TB patients and 68 controls was assessed. Anthropometric measures such as ideal body weight (IBW), BMI, triceps skin-fold thickness, arm muscle area (AMA), fat mass index, and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were recorded, as well as laboratory assessment of CHI and serum albumin. There is significant decrease in BMI and IBW% (P < 0.01) in TB patients. The lean body mass using AMA and FFMI is significantly lower in TB patients than in controls (54.2 ± 6.9 vs. 61.9 ± 4.7 cm and 34.3 ± 5.0 vs. 35.8 ± 3.4 cm, respectively; P < 0.01). Loss of fat in TB patients is indicated by significant reduction in mid-arm circumference, skin-fold thickness, and fat mass index (P < 0.01 each). TB patients have significantly lower CHI and serum albumin compared with controls (76.5 ± 28.1 vs. 91.7 ± 24.2 and 37.4 ± 7.8 vs. 41.6 ± 4.2; P < 0.01). Using multiple regression, the significant determinants of malnutrition in TB patients are IBW, AMA, CHI, and serum albumin. Tuberculous patients have significantly decreased body weight with loss of both lean body mass and fat mass. The loss of CHI is a more significant marker than FFMI in this group of patients. These indexes as well as serum albumin may play an important role as prognostic markers in TB.

HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ENERGI KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT DENGAN STATUS GIZI PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS PARU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GENUK KOTA SEMARANG

Background: the incidence of tuberculosis is very closely related to the nutritional status of sufferers. Previous research stated that 56.8% of TB patients had a body mass index (BMI) of less than normal (18.5 kg / m2). Poor nutritional status in TB patients can be caused by factors such as inadequate energy intake and infection conditions. In addition, adherence to taking medication is also an important factor for improving the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients. Objective: to analyze the relationship of energy intake, adherence to taking medication with the nutritional status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the working area of the Genuk City Health Center Semarang. Methods: this study is a descriptive analytic study with a Cross Sectional approach. The research subjects were 13 adult tuberculosis patients who were still undergoing treatment in the working area of the Genuk City Health Center in Semarang. Data collected included energy intake data, medication adherence and nutritional status. Statistical analysis using Pearson product moment correlation and Fisher Exac. Results: there is no correlation between energy intake, adherence to taking medication and nutritional status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the working area of the Genuk City Health Center Semarang

Nutritional status of tuberculosis cases registered under tuberculosis unit of Gulbarga city north Karnataka, India.

Malnutrition and tuberculosis are both problems of considerable magnitude in most of the underdeveloped regions of the world. These two problems tend to interact with each other. To find the nutritional status of Tuberculosis patients attending Dist. Tuberculosis center Gulbarga and to study the association between different variable and Nutritional status of the Tuberculosis patients. A total of 102 patients registered during 2009 and 2010 in Tuberculosis Unit (TU) of Gulbarga district, North Karnataka were included in the study. Data were collected by review of records with a pre-designed and pre-tested schedule. Nutritional status was calculated as per The International Classification of adult underweight, overweight and obesity according to BMI for > 20 years of age and for cases age <20 years was calculated as per BMI index for age percentile charts for boys and girls 2-20 years. Out of 102 cases majority 88 (86.3%) of cases were in economically productive age group i.e. 15 to 64 years with Male predominance of 65 (63.7%) cases. Nutritional status revealed that majority 55.8% of cases were undernourished. 60% of males and 49% of females were mal nourished. A significant association was found between nutritional status and literacy status where prevalence of under nutrition was high i.e. 68% among illiterates and primary literates similarly out of 23 cases addicted to alcohol and /or tobacco majority 16 (69.6%) were undernourished. No significant association was found with per capita income, marital status and category of cases. TB treatment and care should contain integrated nutritional assessment counseling and support for the duration of illness.

Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and malnutrition in Burundi.

In order to compare the nutritional status of tuberculosis (TB) patients who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive with those who were seronegative, we carried out a cross-sectional anthropometric and biochemical assessment, together with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of the nutritional status of TB patients hospitalized in the Department of Internal Medicine, Bujumbura University Hospital, Burundi, East Africa. Of the 65 TB patients (33 pulmonary, 6 extrapulmonary, and 26 disseminated TB), 50 (76.9%) were HIV-seropositive (HIV+). When assessed according to anthropometric, BIA, and biochemical variables, HIV+ TB patients had more pronounced malnutrition than HIV- patients. Similar results were obtained when the comparison was restricted to patients with only pulmonary TB: HIV+ patients were more malnourished than HIV- patients. The results according to anthropometric measurements were: weight loss (13.5% of HIV- patients versus 26.4% of HIV+ patients, P = 0.005), body mass index (18.6 versus 15.1, P = 0.003), fat free mass (FFM) (13.9 versus 11.9, P < 0.01), and body fat (BF) (4.55 versus 3.71, P = 0.03) expressed per unit height2. BIA showed that the difference in FFM between HIV- and HIV+ TB pulmonary patients was mostly due to a decrease in body cellular mass. Measurements of albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin showed a marked decrease in all three markers in HIV+ TB pulmonary patients. The nutritional status of HIV+ patients with disseminated versus pulmonary TB was similar. The nutritional status of HIV+ TB patients is far worse than that of HIV- TB patients. In such patients, anthropometry underestimates the degree of malnutrition because it does not account for the water component of FFM. Nutritional status should be assessed and nutritional intervention should be provided in an attempt to improve the prognosis of TB patients, especially those who are infected by HIV.