Nutritional Status Of Preschool Children Research Articles

Prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among preschool children in Jimma town, south west Ethiopia

Undernutrition is a major public health problem disproportionately high in the developing world. In Ethiopia, child undernutrition remained a key public health problem despite lots of interventions. According to 2016 EDHS, 38% of children under age 5 are stunted; 10% are wasted, and 24% are underweight. Data specific to the nutritional status of preschool children in Jimma zone as well as the country is limited. The main objectiveof this study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among preschool children in Jimma town. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 preschool children 36-59 months aged in Jimma town from March 1-April 15/2018. Systematic sampling techniques were used in selecting the study participants. Data were exported from EPI data version 4.1 to SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Anthropometric data was analyzed by WHO Anthro (2006) and principal component analysis was done to generate house hold wealth index. Both descriptive and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of nutritional status. Finally, variables with a p-value <0.05 was statistically significant. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was about 21.8%, 15.2%, and 17.2%, respectively. This study showed that children from food-insecure households were 3.7 times stunted [AOR=3.731; (95% CI= 2.037-6.836)]; similarly,children whose mothers had no formal education were 3.9 times stunted [AOR= 3.98; (95% CI=1.206-13.127)]. In addition, children who share food from the same plate were 2.2 times stunted than their counterparts [AOR= 2. 228;(95%CI= 1.251-3.971)] and children who fed one to two times per day were 2.8 times more likely to be stunted as compared to those who fed four to five times per day [AOR= 2.82 (95% CI= 1.251- 3.971)]. Furthermore, children from low socioeconomic status were 3.4 times wasted as compared to those children from high socioeconomic households [AOR = 3.453 (95%CI =1.255-9.510)], children from family size of five and above were 3 times wasted than those children from family size less than five [AOR =3.090 (95% CI= 1.198-7.972)]. There existed a substantial level of stunting and wasting among preschool children. Maternal education, feeding on the same plate, frequency of feeding per day and household food security status was associated with stunting, while wasting wasassociated with family size, wealth index, age of mother and fever during the past 2 weeks. Key words: undernutrition, Preschool children, associated factors, Ethiopia, Children, Stunting, Wasting and underweight

Double Burden of Nutrition and some Eating Habits Characteristics of Preschool Children in Nam Hong Commune, Dong Anh district, Hanoi, 2018

Double Burden of Nutrition and some Eating Habits Characteristics of Preschool Children in Nam Hong Commune, Dong Anh district, Hanoi, 2018

Influence of Households’ Socio-Economic and Demographic Characteristics on Morbidity and Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Ganze- Kilifi County, Kenya

ABSTRACT: Globally, socio economic and demographic status of households have been shown to influence the health of school children. However, knowledge of the impact of these factors on children’s health is scarce in Kilifi County. This study evaluated the influence of households’ socio-economic and demographic characteristics on Preschool children’s morbidity and nutritional status in Ganze Kilifi County, Kenya. A total of 288 pre-school children (3-5 years) and their households were selected from ten Government schools five which had a school lunch programme (study group) and five without the programme (Control group) but in the same locality. Households’ socioeconomic and demographic data was collected by trained research assistants using pretested questionnaires. WHO Anthro programme was used to evaluate children’s nutritional status and SPSS version 24, and SAS version 9.4 statistical software for Data analysis. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05. Household heads with no formal education were 30% and the average income of the households was KES. 3000-5000 per month. Households’ average daily allocation to food was Kes.100-150. Children enrollment in preschool was 65% for boys and girls 35%. Children who were sick two weeks, prior to the interview were 2 times more likely to be stunted [OR=2.20; 95%CI=1.25 - 3.85; P=0.006] and 2.5 times more likely to be underweight [OR=2.66; 95%CI=1.48 - 4.77; P=0.001] compared to children without sickness. This study found that socio economic and demographic factors influenced morbidity and nutritional status of the preschool children. The study showed that the long distance to health services, low education level and income contributed to increased ill health and morbidity resulting into stunted and underweight children. The study recommends that the relevant authorities should improve access to clean water and sanitation in addition to community health outreach services targeting the children. Also, the community should be supported and encouraged to engage in income generating activities for economic empowerment.

Study of Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Auraiya District of Uttar Pradesh

Malnutrition is a complex issue for India. It is an example of how India is a nation of extremes. Many among the population live in poverty and are not able to obtain as much food as they need.&#x0D; Assessment of the nutritional status of community clinical examination is one of the first steps in the formation of any public health strategy to overcome malnutrition. Pre-school children undoubtedly are the most crucial segment of our population. Undernutrition is a critical determinant of mortality and morbidity in young children worldwide and it is associated with 45 per cent of all deaths in children under five years of age. The major forms of malnutrition are kwashiorkor (edematous) and marasmus (wasting) with or without associated stunting. In a view to know the nutritional deficiency among the rural children, the present study was conducted to assess the clinical status of preschool children of Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The study involved a total of 100 preschool children. Twenty children selected randomly from each of the 5 villages of Bhagyanagar block of Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The study showed that 58 children fall between 1-3 years of age while 42 children came under the 4-6 year of age. Physical examination results are as presented in Tables 2-6. On the basis of general appearance it was reported that 54 per cent of the children were normal in terms of body weight and 45 per cent were thin and 1% were obese from the village of Bhagyanagar Block of Auraiya district. Sign of Fluorosis namely mottling of enamel in teeth was observed most of the elder children (4-6 years) ie. 27 per cent as compared to the age group of 1-3 years ie, 15 per cent. Anaemia was observed as pale conjunctiva (28%) and Koilnychia (16%). Conjunctival xerosis was found to be very common among younger children group and Bitot’s spot was more common in older children. Magnitude of Anaemia also shows the health status of children. The findings revealed a poor health status of preschool children in the study area. There is also a need of proper food availablity, clean &amp; fresh water and hygiene and sanitation. There is a urgent need for health counselling of the mother/ caretaker to improve the health status of rural preschool children.

Ethnic Variations in Nutritional Status among Preschool Children in Northern Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Vietnam is a multiethnic country undergoing rapid economic development, the improvement in nutritional status in preschool children is not equally shared by all ethnic groups; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from September–December 2018 on 16,177 children aged 24–60 months representing Kinh (n = 14421), Muong (n = 1307) and Tay (n = 449) ethnic groups. Prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, obesity and anthropometric indices were compared across ethnic groups, using WHO 2006 child growth standards; (3) Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among children of Kinh, Muong and Tay origins was 14.7%, 34.3% and 43.2%, respectively. The corresponding data for overweight was 5.5%, 2.7%, 2.2% and for obesity 2.8%, 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting remained the highest in three subtypes of malnutrition in all ethnic groups. Kinh children were heavier and taller than the other groups, while Muong children were taller than Tay children (p-value < 0.001); and (4) Conclusions: Malnutrition remains a major public health issue among children of minor ethnicities while overweight and obesity is an emerging challenge for the Kinh ethnic group. The results imply that a community-based intervention should be specific to ethnicity to reduce the gap in nutritional status between ethnic groups in Vietnam.

Effectiveness of Teacher-Led Nutritional Lessons in Altering Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status in Preschool Children: Adoption of a NASA Mission X-Based Program.

The preschool years are a sensitive period for the development of food preferences that will affect physical growth and life-long health. The promotion of healthy eating and nutritional status was achieved by adapting the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mission X (MX) Program among young children in South Korea. The intervention program was delivered by nutritional experts and class teachers over 10 weeks. Children from 37 school classes (n = 534) from 7 daycares and kindergartens were randomized into a control group (CG, n = 280) and an intervention group (IG, n = 254). Parents were surveyed for their children’s characteristics and nutrition quotient (NQ) at baseline and at the 10-week follow-up. At baseline, 18.8% (boys: 18.9%; girls: 18.8%) of the subjects were overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 85th percentile). After the intervention, the mean differences in various anthropometric measures did not differ significantly between the groups in a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, and type of school. The NQ grades were significantly higher in the IG than the CG after the intervention (p = 0.000). In summary, the 10-week South Korean MX program improved the eating behaviors and nutrition status of young children. A further multisector prevention program is needed to prevent childhood obesity in young children.

Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children from Urban Low Income Families

India is currently the home of the largest number of under-nourished and over-nourished children in the world. Data from longitudinal studies in India indicate that both under nutrition and over-nutrition in childhood is associated with higher risk of over-nutrition and noncommunicable diseases in adult life. A community based mixed longitudinal study of underfive children from urban low income families was taken up to assess their nutritional status. Weight was taken every month in all; length was measured every month in infants and height was measured once in three months in 1-5 year children. BMI was computed in all. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO anthro software package. Between 2012 and 2015, 3888 pre-school children were enrolled (49.4% boys and 50.6% girls); mean age of these children at enrolment was 22.5±16.17 months. The mean Z scores for height for age was - 1.79; weight for age was - 1.41 and -0.47 for BMI for age. Prevalence of stunting was 43.4%; underweight was 31.9%, wasting was 12% and over-nutrition was between 3-5%. The reduction in wasting rate between 0-3 years was mainly due to the increase in prevalence of stunting. With universal screening for early detection of wasting and over-nutrition and effective management of these, it will be possible to achieve the WHA targets of reducing and maintaining wasting below 5% and preventing increase in over-nutrition in this population. This may reduce the risk of over-nutrition and non-communicable diseases in these children during their adult life.

A Comparative Study to Assess Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Selected Rural and Urban Areas, with a View to Develop Pamphlet Regarding Recommended Daily Allowance

Purpose of the Study: Malnutrition is like an iceberg, most people in the developing countries live under the burden of malnutrition. Pregnant women, nursing mother and children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of malnutrition. Malnutrition is widely prevalent among weaned infants and preschool children. The aim of the present study is to assess the nutritional status of urban and rural preschool children. Objectives: (1) Assess the nutritional status of rural and urban preschool children. (2) Compare nutritional status among rural and urban preschool children. (3) Determine association between nutritional status of rural and urban preschool children with selected socio demographic variables. (4) Develop a pamphlet regarding Recommended Daily allowance. Design: Non experimental comparative design was selected for the study. Approach: A descriptive survey approach was used. Subjects: The participants were 120 preschool children, 60 from Kadusonapanahalli (rural) and 60 from K. Narayanapura (urban), Bangalore. Method: A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample for study. Data Collection Tool: An interview schedule and observation check list were used to collect data from the subjects. Data Analysis: The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypothesis of the study. The level of significance was set at 0.05 levels. Results: The researcher found the rural preschool children nutritional status 66.7% (40) had moderate nutritional status and 33.3% (20) had adequate nutritional status. Regarding urban preschool children nutritional status, 30.0% (18) had moderate nutritional status, and 70.0% (42) had adequate nutritional status. Conclusion: From the analysis report the researcher concluded that there is significant difference between nutritional status of urban and rural preschool children and distributed pamphlet regarding RDA to mothers of preschool children with a view to improve the nutritional status.

Nutritional Status Trends in Brazilian Preschoolers: A Cohort Study.

Background: Determining trends in the nutritional status of children may guide care prevention beyond this age in an effort to reduce the prevalence and incidence of overweight and/or obese children. The objective of this study is to evaluate the evolution of the nutritional status of preschool children in two moments, with an interval of 2 years. Methods: This is a cohort study of a random probabilistic sample of preschool children attending public schools within an urban area of high human development index city, in the hinterland of São Paulo state. In 2016, we reassessed the nutritional status of 351 preschoolers evaluated in 2014, comparing the prevalence of overweight according to BMI >1 z-score. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 31.05% (2014) and 31.06% (2016) and mean BMI z-scores were 0.58 and 0.57, respectively. The nutritional status classification of the preschool children showed almost no agreement between the two time points (κ = 0.053). Nevertheless, children with overweight in 2014 had a relative risk of 1.96 of being overweight or obese in 2016 (p = 0.0473). Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight among preschoolers was the same at 2 and 5 years of age, with no tendency to grow. Despite this, 2-year-old preschoolers with overweight present a twofold higher relative risk for excessive weight at 5 years of age. These changes of nutritional status at preschool age evince the great flexibility of their nutritional condition during this period of life.

Impact Study of Institutional Food Supplementation on Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children

Aims: To assess the Nutritional status of urban and semi-urban pre-school children of Dharwad, at baseline and after institutional supplementation. &#x0D; Study Design: Nutritional status of the pre-school children was assessed based on anthropometry and clinical examination. Urban pre-school children were treated as control and semi-urban pre-school children were supplemented with institutional food for three months (experimental). Nutritional status were measured before and after institutional food supplementation.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The experiment was conducted between July 2017 and July 2018. &#x0D; Methodology: A sample size of 100 pre-school children (3-6 years) were selected, out of which, 50 children from urban and another 50 children from semi-urban school were randomly selected from Dharwad district. Nutritional status of the pre-school children was assessed based on anthropometry and clinical examination. Nutritional status were measured before and after institutional food supplementation, in both schools.&#x0D; Results: Results revealed that, at baseline nutritional status were higher in urban pre-school children compare to semi-urban pre-school children, but after supplementing with the institutional food, significant improvement in anthropometric measurements were observed in semi-urban group and they were on par with the urban children in terms of nutritional status.&#x0D; Conclusion: The weight for age is an indicator of current nutritional status, whereas height for age is an indicator of past nutritional status, so height improvement was observed in urban group and weight improvement was observed in semi-urban group. Finally concluded that food intervention can go long way in changing the current malnutrition scenario.

Nutritional status of pre-school children residing in Western Rajasthan

Nutritional status of pre-school children residing in Western Rajasthan

Hubungan Asupan Energy Dengan Status Gizi Anak Pra Sekolah Usia 4-5 Tahun Di TK Al Islam Jamsaren Surakarta

Background: The nutritional status of children is influenced by two factors, namely the direct factor in food intake and infectious diseases and indirect causes. Nutritional factors are known to play an important role in determining the growth of a child. When experiencing growth, cells in the body need energy to divide, if energy requirements are not met, cell division will be inhibited and the effect will be seen through anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Objective, To determine the relationship between energy intake and nutritional status of preschoolers aged 4-5 years at Al Islam 1 Jamsaren Kindergarten in Surakarta. The research hypothesis, there is a relationship between energy intake and nutritional status of pre-school age children 4-5 years old at Al Islam Jamsaren Kindergarten in Surakarta. Method: This type of research is this study using a cross sectional approach. The target population in this study was the population in this study were all mothers and children aged 4-5 years in Al Islam 1 TK Jamsaren Surakarta totaling 89 people. Samples were taken by purposive technique with a sample of 47 respondents. Analysis of sperman rank test data. Results: Showed that the majority of respondents had a moderate energy intake of 17 (36.2%) respondents and most had good nutritional status 38 (80.8%) respondents. Conclusion: There is a relationship between energy intake and the nutritional status of pre-school children aged 4-5 years in Surakarta Jamsaren Kindergarten with p value 0.02.

Assessment of Nutritional Status of Preschool Children: Head Circumference and Other Anthropometric Indices

Background: Undernutrition is one of the major responsible factors of morbidity and mortality among preschool children in the most developing countries. Weight for age Z-score (WAZ), height for age Z-score (HAZ) and weigh for height Z-score (WHZ) are widely used for indicating nutritional status of children. Therefore, the study was conducted to interpret the nutritional status based on head circumference for age z score (HCAZ), WAZ, HAZ and WHZ among children aged from 36 to 71 months in Rajshahi City area, Bangladesh.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study included one thousand and thirty five preschool children. Of them, 538 were boys and 497 were girls. Data were collected during the period of March 2017 to March 2018, using multistage random sampling method. Head circumference (HC) was measured (cm) and HC-for-age Z-score (HCAZ) was calculated according to World Health Organization recommendations. Z-score values of HC &lt;-2 standard deviation below from the reference population were considered as undernourished. Z score -3 &lt;HC&lt; -2 standard deviation were taken as moderately undernourished whereas, ‘≤−3’ standard deviation were considered as severely undernourished, respectively.&#x0D; Results: Among boys the mean age and HC were 53.58 ± 10.68 and 48.62 ± 1.87 whereas, among girls the mean age and HC were 51.35 ± 11.17 and 48.00 ± 1.84 respectively. According to HC, the rate of moderate and severe malnourished children among boys were 33.3 % and 6.3% and among girls 30% and 13.5% respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was higher according to HC for age in comparison to other parameters. The study revealed that 33.3% and 12.4% stunted, 41.3% and 12.7% underweight and 41.9% and 9.5% wasted children were moderately malnourished and severely malnourished according to HC respectively. The relationship between these three indicators and HC for age were statistically significant.&#x0D; Conclusion: As head circumference (HC) is a reliable physical index of both past nutritional situation and brain development and important indicator for measuring nutritional status, routine measurement and intervention for assessing and removing undernutrition is to be recommended.&#x0D; Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2018; 44: 152-159

The effect of maternal employment on the nutritional status of pre-school children

Background: Children contribute to the vital human potential and impart strength to the national economy and development. The major determinants of the nutritional status of these children were age, household income, number of children in the family, duration among them, education of the parents, poor personal hygiene, unsatisfactory environmental conditions, and poor sanitary facilities. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of maternal employment on the nutritional status of pre-school children. Materials and Methods: Weight and height of children were measured using digital weighing machine and stadiometer respectively. Data were stored on the WHO Anthro software package that was used in calculating anthropometric indices. The program uses figures from the national center for health statistics and centers for disease control and prevention, Atlanta (NCHS/CDC) as an international reference population. A questionnaire is used to assess the employment status of mother. Results: Children those who have had employed mothers showed 11% stunted (P = 0.4616), 30.3% (P < 0.0001) wasting, and 31.8% (P < 0.0001) underweight compared to unemployed mothers of middle-class family. Conclusion: In middle-class families, women work outside to fulfill their basic needs, but they fail to provide care to their children. It has been proved that financial crisis as well as lack of care leads to malnutrition in children those who have employed mothers when compared to unemployed mothers among middle class families.

Nutritional Status of Preschool children (3–5Years) Attending Anganwadi in Selected Urban Slum Areas of Karad

Nutritional Status of Preschool children (3–5Years) Attending Anganwadi in Selected Urban Slum Areas of Karad

Socio-Economic Condition, Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children among Settlers and Ethnic Communities in Bandarban District of Bangladesh

Socio-Economic Condition, Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children among Settlers and Ethnic Communities in Bandarban District of Bangladesh

Determinant Factors Affecting the Nutritional Status of Children in Regional Health Center of Gresik

Preschool children are at risk developing PEM as they are not breastfed and the food consumed maynot fuilfill the nutrients need for their progressive growth. Nutritional status of preschool childrenis indirectly associated to the socioeconomic and hygiene status and directly associated to the levelof consumptions and infections. The aims of this research is to analyze the associations betweensocioeconomic factors, hygiene, level of consumptions, and infections with the nutritional statusof preschool children in Gresik District. The result of statistical analysis using the Multiple LinearRegression Test showed that maternal education, knowledge, environmental hygienity and protein energyintake have a significant influence on nutritional status of children,while maternal parenting, URI incidentand diarrhea and family income variables have no significant influence on nutritional status. Early detectionthrough intensification monitoring of toddler growth at posyandu, followed by determination ofnutritional status by village midwife or other health worker. It is a striving for a dynamic food andenvironment where monitoring of critical indicators of resources, availability and access to food andnutrition at all levels of society required.

Dietary diversity score a reliable indicator for normal nutritional status in preschool children

Dietary diversity score a reliable indicator for normal nutritional status in preschool children

Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children of Pokhara- Lekhanath Metropolis, Kaski

The study is aimed at finding out the nutritional status of pre-school children with relation to occupation, annual income and education status of their parents. The study is based on descriptive research design. Weight for height, height for age, and weight for age were the main areas of nutritional status of children which were measured using primary data only. The study has been carried out in Ward no 9, 10 and 11 of Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolis, Kaski. There were 15 pre-schools in the study area. Among them, 6 pre-schools were taken by the convenient sampling method and from each pre-school 20 children were chosen by the lottery method. Their parents were also included in the population of the study. The study reveals that the majority of the respondents are engaged in different services in Nepal and the nutritional status of their children was found better than Nepal's national nutritional standard. The children, whose parents have yearly income of 2 to more than 6 lakhs, have better nutritional status. Likewise, in this study, not a single mother is illiterate; it has been revealed that the mother's educational standard is the reason behind children's poor nutritional status.Journal of Health Promotion Vol.6 2008, p.18-22

Nutritional status of pre-school children residing in urban areas of Bikaner city

Nutritional status of 150 pre-school children (3-5years), studying in primary schools of Bikaner district (Rajasthan) was assessed by studying their anthropometric measurements, clinical and dietary status. Height and weight of the subjects were found to be 99.5 to 104.8 per cent and 86.0-107.5 per cent of the NCHS standards, respectively. The mean MUAC and chest/head circumference ratio (3-4 years) values of majority of the subjects were found as per the reference values. Prevalence of undernutrition and over-nutrition was noted to be 37.3 and 9.4 per cent, respectively. As per clinical examination majority of the subjects had normal status (77.3-97.3%). The per cent adequacy of food intake was ranging from 3.78-105.2 per cent. The per cent adequacy of nutrient intake ranged from 15.2-204.7 per cent. Findings of the present study indicate a scope of an intervention programme for betterment in food habits and lifestyle practices of pre-school children.