Improvement In Nutritional Status Research Articles

DHA and EPA levels in a piscivorous fish changed by preying upon stocked salmon fry

Increases in prey population size can affect the physiology and ecology of upper-trophic level organisms. This phenomenon is known as a bottom-up effect. For example, the increased abundance of prey resources can trigger physiological (internal) changes in predators, such as improvements in nutritional status. However, these physiological aspects of bottom-up effects have not been considered. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis, a salmonid fish, increases body stores of omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), by preying upon stocked hatchery-reared masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou fry in streams. The dynamics of fatty acid contents in charr inhabiting salmon-stocked and unstocked streams clearly support this hypothesis: fatty acid contents (DHA, EPA, and total fatty acid) increased after stocking in stocked streams, but not in unstocked streams. In addition, DHA increased with increasing body size of white-spotted charr and vice versa for EPA. The impacts of human activities, such as fish stocking, on freshwater ecosystems are a matter of serious concern for conservation. Future attempts to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of fish stocking should consider not only community ecology but also physiology.

Evolving nutritional needs, obesity, and overweight status in cystic fibrosis.

The nutritional landscape in cystic fibrosis has shifted dramatically in the era of CFTR modulator therapy. In this review, we will critically examine the literature on overweight and obesity in CF, current nutritional care unknowns and opportunities for further investigation or adaptation in clinical care. Results of clinical trial and real-world data reflect marked improvement in nutritional status and quality of life. Clinical outcomes including CF related diabetes and CF related liver disease appear positively impacted. Secondary impacts on cardiometabolic disease have been noted, especially in association with excessive weight gain. The prior approaches to optimizing nutrition in cystic fibrosis with caloric excess can likely be safely retired for many. As modulator access expands across the lifespan, a longitudinal focus on health maintenance should be considered.

Effect of School-Integrated Interventions on Improvement of Nutrition-Health Knowledge and Nutritional Status among Adolescent Girls: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Adolescent girls in Indonesia face triple burdens of malnutrition, which will harm the next generation. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of school-integrated interventions on nutrition-health knowledge and nutritional status among adolescent girls. A quasi-experimental study design involved 342 female adolescents in the entire study series from 2021-2023. The intervention school was provided nutrition-health education by trained teachers plus nutrition-health services at the Adolescent Girls’ Integrated Health Post (Posyandu) (n=262); the comparison only received nutrition-health education from trained teachers at their school (n=80). Nutrition-health knowledge (standard questionnaire), nutrients and dietary intake (food recall form 2x24 hours and food frequency questionnaire), and nutritional status were collected through anthropometric and biochemical assessments in both groups. There was an increase in the mean value of all aspects of nutrition-health knowledge. This increase was higher in the intervention group. The malnutrition biomarkers decreased significantly in the intervention school comprised of anemia was 3.4%, Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) was 24.1%, severe stunted at 0.8%, and wasting at 1.6%, but overweight increased by 1.2%. In the comparison school, only CED decreased significantly by 26.2%, while anemia, severe stunting, wasting, and overweight increased significantly. In conclusion, school-integrated interventions were more effective than nutritional education alone in improving nutrition-health knowledge and nutritional status among adolescent girls.

361. THE IMPACT OF A PROGRAM TO IMPROVE PREOPERATIVE NUTRITION AND REHABILITATION FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS

Abstract Background Improvement of the preoperative inflammation, nutrition, and other systemic conditions may reduce surgical complications and improve the prognosis of cancer. The usefulness of preoperative nutritional therapy and rehabilitation has recently been discussed. We created a novel program of preoperative rehabilitation and nutritional support to improve postoperative outcomes. We examined the nutritional status and blood electrolyte predisposition before and after this program. Methods Thirty five patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. These patients performed muscle strengthening exercise and received jelly beverage containing branched-chain amino acids immediately after rehabilitation and immune-modulating liquid diets for 7 consecutive days before surgery. Nutritional guidance was provided by a dietitian, who set a daily energy target of 30 kcal/kg and a protein target of 1.2 g/kg. Upper and lower limb strength training was performed with a physical therapist. Blood biochemical data on nutrition such as serum Alb, PreAlb, CRP, levels were compared after preoperative support. Results Thirty five patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in this period and evaluate their blood and serum samples. The average age of the patients was 66 years, 29 men and 6 women. Serum Alb level was 4.01 ± 0.4 g/dl before admission and 3.74 ± 0.35 g/dl the day before surgery (p = 0.04), and serum transthyretin level was unchanged from 28.9 ± 5.5 mg/dl to 26.1 ± 4.75 mg/dl. Serum CRP level tended to decrease from O.23 ± 0.528 mg/dl before admission to 0.14 ± 0.23 mg/dl the day before surgery. Other index of nutritional status did not change significantly before or after the program. Improvements in preoperative inflammation and nutrition are expected to decrease surgical complications and contribute to cancer prognosis. Our study and intervention in the present study may have decreased inflammation, although it was not a clear objective improvement in nutritional status. The short duration of the intervention may have prevented a significant difference. A less prolonged hospitalization is not realistic and the most effective nutritional rehabilitation intervention should be devised in the future.

Body composition and nutritional status changes in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

IntroductionNutritional status assessment in anorexia nervosa (AN) includes the evaluation and monitoring of body composition throughout the treatment period. The gold standard for the study of body composition is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), although electrical bioimpedance (BIA) is a more accessible, cheaper and faster method that does not involve exposure to radiation. Material and methodsWe recruited 33 female adolescents with AN (age, 11.7–16.3 years) by consecutive sampling. We collected data on clinical, anthropometric and laboratory variables. Patients were assessed with BIA and DEXA at inclusion in the study and at the end of the study, with a mean duration of follow-up of 1 year, during the nutritional rehabilitation phase. ResultsThere was significant improvement in nutritional status, reflected by the body composition obtained by anthropometric measurements and BIA. The phase angle increased significantly during the follow-up. Greater weight loss was associated with the presence of secondary amenorrhoea and decreased bone mineral density in the spine. ConclusionsElectrical BIA is a useful tool for assessment and monitoring of nutritional status in paediatric patients with AN. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry continues to be essential to assess bone mineral density. The role of hormones such as leptin remains to be elucidated.

The efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation in the treatment of children and adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: study protocol of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundCurrent psychological and pharmacological treatments for Anorexia Nervosa (AN) provide only moderate effective support, and there is an urgent need for research to improve therapies, especially in developing age. Non-invasive brain stimulation has suggested to have the potential to reducing AN symptomatology, via targeting brain alterations, such as hyperactivity of right prefrontal cortex (PFC). We suppose that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the PFC may be effective in children and adolescents with AN.MethodsWe will conduct a randomized, double blind, add-on, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of tDCS treatment on clinical improvement. We will also investigate brain mechanisms and biomarkers changes acting in AN after tDCS treatment. Eighty children or adolescent with AN (age range 10–18 years) will undergo treatment-as-usual including psychiatric, nutritional and psychological support, plus tDCS treatment (active or sham) to PFC (F3 anode/F4 cathode), for six weeks, delivered three times a week. Psychological, neurophysiological and physiological measures will be collected at baseline and at the end of treatment. Participants will be followed-up one, three, six months and one year after the end of treatment. Psychological measures will include parent- and self-report questionnaires on AN symptomatology and other psychopathological symptoms. Neurophysiological measures will include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography and paired pulse TMS and repetitive TMS to investigate changes in PFC connectivity, reactivity and plasticity after treatment. Physiological measures will include changes in the functioning of the endogenous stress response system, body mass index (BMI) and nutritional state.DiscussionWe expect that tDCS treatment to improve clinical outcome by reducing the symptoms of AN assessed as changes in Eating Disorder Risk composite score of the Eating Disorder Inventory-3. We also expect that at baseline there will be differences between the right and left hemisphere in some electrophysiological measures and that such differences will be reduced after tDCS treatment. Finally, we expect a reduction of endogenous stress response and an improvement in BMI and nutritional status after tDCS treatment. This project would provide scientific foundation for new treatment perspectives in AN in developmental age, as well as insight into brain mechanisms acting in AN and its recovery.Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05674266) and ethical approval for the study was granted by the local research ethics committee (process number 763_OPBG_2014).

Factors Related to Mother of Toddler to Come to Integrated Healthcare Center

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Integrated Healthcare Center (IHC) is basic health activities, mostly for toddler, organized by, from and for the community. The numbers of IHC who run their activity since 2019 are 283,370 but only 173,750 (61.32%) which do the services regularly every month. The problem is, there are only 38,68% parents that bring their children to visit IHC to maintains their health. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors related to parents, especially the mother, bringing their children to visit IHC in Tanjung Batang Kapas Village which is part of Pancung Soal Health Center area, in Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia. This is analytic research with cross sectional design, this research was carried out in January - July 2022. The population of this study was mothers who has baby under five, it is amounted in 114 people. Proportional random sampling technique was used to collect 89 samples. The data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using Chi Square test. The results of this study found that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (p-value=0.044), attitude (p-value=0.000), education (p-value = 0.000), family support (p-value=0.015), motivation (p-value=0.000), the role of IHC cadres (p-value=0.000) with Toddler IHC Visits. In contrast, health workers roles (p-value=0.167) and parent occupation (p-value=0.326) did not have a connection of toddlers coming to IHC in Tanjung Batang Kapas Village in 2022. It is expected that health workers will be more active in carring toddler to IHC by doing something interesting while weighing toddlers, doing immunization, and improving nutrition status based on government programs, and cadres home visits to be encouraged by the head of public health center by giving more information about the benefits of IHC so that the families can support mothers to came posyabdu once a month.<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> <strong> IHC, Public Health Centre, Toddler, Visit</strong></em></p>

Composición corporal y evolución nutricional en adolescentes con anorexia nerviosa

IntroductionNutritional status assessment in anorexia nervosa (AN) includes the evaluation and monitoring of body composition throughout the treatment period. The gold standard for the study of body composition is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), although electrical bioimpedance (BIA) is a more accessible, cheaper and faster method that does not involve exposure to radiation. Material and methodsWe recruited 33 female adolescents with AN (age, 11.7-16.3 years) by consecutive sampling. We collected data on clinical, anthropometric and laboratory variables. Patients were assessed with BIA and DEXA at inclusion in the study and at the end of the study, with a mean duration of followup of 1 year, during the nutritional rehabilitation phase. ResultsThere was significant improvement in nutritional status, reflected by the body composition obtained by anthropometric measurements and BIA. The phase angle increased significantly during the followup. Greater weight loss was associated with the presence of secondary amenorrhoea and decreased bone mineral density in the spine. ConclusionsElectrical BIA is a useful tool for assessment and monitoring of nutritional status in paediatric patients with AN. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry continues to be essential to assess bone mineral density. The role of hormones such as leptin remains to be elucidated.

Comparing the Effects of Three Educational Methods (Lecture, Question & Answer, Pamphlet Presentation) on Nutrition Status and Sustainability of Nutritional Knowledge in the Elderly

Objectives It is necessary to implement educational programs to maintain the nutritional knowledge of the elderly. This study aims to compare the effects of three educational methods (lecture, question and answer, pamphlet presentation) on nutrition status and sustainability of nutritional knowledge in the elderly in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods & Materials In this quasi-experimental study, the study population consists of all older people aged ≥60 years in Bandar Abbas city. Of these, 120 people (30 people in the control group and 30 in each of three intervention groups) were selected by a two-stage sampling method. Educational intervention were done by presenting pamphlets, lecturing, and questions & answers (Q&A) sessions. Data collection tools were a 20-item questionnaire on sustainable nutrition knowledge of the Ministry of Health and a 35-item questionnaire on nutritional behavior of the elderly. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 23 using one-way analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results The age range of the elderly was 60-79 years. The majority were male (53.3%). The results showed that the effect of Q&A method was effective in improving nutrition status (F=4.397, P=0.031) and sustainability of nutritional knowledge (F=10.108, P=0.002). Education by presentation of pamphlets and lecture had no significant effect on nutrition status and sustainability of knowledge. Conclusion By the Q&A method, the nutritional knowledge can be maintained and the nutrition status can be improved in the elderly compared to lectures and pamphlet presentation methods. It helps formulate appropriate educational programs for the elderly.

Dietary Management in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Renal Failure

Cirrhosis patients are prone to develop kidney dysfunction. Hepatorenal failure (HRS) is one of the most severe complications of cirrhosis. Majority of cirrhosis patients have higher nutritional requirements owing to hyper catabolic state. The macronutrient intake is tailored to suit liver failure in cirrhosis patients with renal failure while regarding fluid and minerals like sodium; potassium etc weightage is given for the renal failure. Energy intake of 30 kcal/kg/day and protein intake of 1.2 g/kg/day for maintenance of nutritional status and 35 kcal/kg/day and 1.5 g/kg/day protein for improvement of nutritional status is recommended. Dietary protein of at least 1.0-1.2g/kg/day may be sufficient to prevent negative nitrogen balance. Multiple meals and snacks containing food rich in carbohydrates should be given to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia, Late evening snacks and a breakfast containing some proteins to shorten the period of fasting is recommended. Medium chain triglycerides should be used in case of fat malabsorbtion. In cirrhotic patients with ascites the recommended intake of sodium is nearly 80 mmol day or 2 g of sodium. Hyperkalemia may occur in HRS (or AKI) and patients using potassium sparing diuretics Hypokalemia has to be avoided as it can precipitate HE Micronutrients and vitamins need to administer for treating confirmed or clinically suspected deficiency Appropriate, adequate and timely nutritional management with individualized and intensive dietary counselling is the key component to prevent malnutrition.

A Study of Dietary Practices and Nutritional Awareness among Adolescent Girls of Ranchi District (Jharkhand)

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as any person between ages 10 and 19 years. Adolescence is characterized by the growth spurt, a period in which growth is very fast. During this time, the body's nutritional needs are affected by the physical development, while changes in one’s lifestyle may also affect eating habits and food choices. Adolescence is the transition period between childhood and adulthood, a window of opportunity for the improvement of nutritional status and correcting poor dietary practices. Good nutrition is therefore very important for the proper growth and development and the prevention of any health problems in adolescents in the future. Thus, in the present study, an attempt was made to study the Dietary practices and awareness level of the adolescent girls. The study was conducted in rural and urban areas of Ranchi district of Jharkhand state. Self -made questionnaire was used to assess the level of Nutritional awareness and dietary practices of adolescent girls of Ranchi district. The survey method of research was used to get the desired information in the study. Two hundred adolescent girls of 13 to 17 years of age were selected through simple random sampling technique. Findings showed that when compared to urban adolescents, rural adolescents were less informed and have less awareness about health and Nutrition. The majority of rural adolescent girls have poor dietary practices and moderate nutritional awareness and in urban area majority of the respondents have relatively better nutritional awareness. Nutritional awareness has impact on dietary practices of adolescents, which also adversely affects their health. So, adolescent girls need nutrition education to improve their knowledge and nutritional awareness.

A study on morbidity and nutritional status of deaf-mute children attending a special school of Hyderabad, Telangana

Background: Hearing is necessary for the development of language, speech, and cognitive skills. Hearing loss effects a child's ability to learn, communicate, and to socialize. Hearing impairment often goes unnoticed which compromises a child's ability to speak and express their needs. If no rehabilitation is done child develops physical and mental issues. Deaf-mute children are neglected in these aspects hence present study aimed to assess their nutritional and morbidity status among them. The objective of this study was to assess the morbidity profile among Deaf mute children attending organizations in Hyderabad and to determine their nutritional status among them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over for 2 months during May and June 2022 among 50 deaf-mute children attending a special school in Hyderabad. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview subjects after taking permission from the principal and confidentiality was ensured. The collected data were analysed using MS Excel and Epi-Info software. Results: The mean age was 13.4 years with the majority being female children (82%). The prevalence of undernutrition was 16% and the prevalence of overnutrition was 26%. The prevalence of undernutrition was more among boys and the prevalence of overnutrition was slightly more among girls. The morbidity pattern showed that 24 (47.5%) suffered from any disease during the past 3 months with the commonest morbidity being dental caries (74%). Conclusions: The study showed a high proportion of deaf-mute children developing nutritional deficiencies and morbidities; hence an effective collaboration and coordination between these organizations and ICDS anganwadi centres are needed for the improvement of nutritional status.

An Experimental Study to Improve the Nutrients and the Mechanical Properties of Copper Tailings Sand in China’s Arid Zone by Biomineralization of Locally Isolated Urease-Producing Bacteria

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is an environmentally friendly technique that can contribute to tailings consolidation and ecosystem restoration. Our study found that local MICP bacteria, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, could remediate copper tailings pollution at different slope positions (K1, K2, and K3) in arid areas. We analyzed the effect of MICP treatment on the slag from macro- to microscopic levels with a dissolution test, soil physical and chemical tests, wind tunnel testing experiments, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the MICP bacteria, L. fusiformis, effectively remodeled the slag structure, thereby preventing the diffusion of tailing slag caused by wind erosion. This structural remodeling resulted in a significant increase in slag strength (maximum strength: 2707 KPa) and an increased content of CaCO3. Furthermore, it led to a significant reduction in total salinity content (36.4–43.6%), pH (4.1–4.4%), and improvement in nutritional status (total potassium content (16–31.4%) and the available phosphorus content (2.1–2.3 times) of the tailings slag (p < 0.05). There was also a 15% increase in urease and catalase activity in K1, a 7% increase in invertase activity in K3 (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in carbon and nitrogen microbial biomass in K1, K2, and K3 (p < 0.05).

Body Mass Index among Adult Women and National Food Security Act : A District Level Analysis in West Bengal

The current National Family Health Survey conducted in 2019-20 (NFHS-5) revealed that women malnutrition is a great challenging problem in India and it is a severe problem to the women of West Bengal due to a poor position in body mass index(BMI). In 2013, the Government of India initiated National Food Securities Act -2013 for improvement of nutritional status , specially women and targeted children. A comparison of the two national – level data Women body mass is marginally improved as per NFHS-5 compare to previous survey i.e NFHS-4 in West Bengal and regional disparity has significantly declined . Women in economically backward districts have benefited more than women in economically advanced districts in West Bengal From the benefit of NFSA. Women body mass depends on the women’s level of education and purchasing power of household and how much nutritious food they are able to purchase.

Association of poor oral health with increased incidence of dysphagia and impaired improvement in nutritional status among patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study.

This study aimed to clarify the association between oral health and the incidence of dysphagia as well as the recovery of nutritional status and improvement of dysphagia in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure. Hospitalized patients with AHF were prospectively enrolled. Oral health was evaluated using the Japanese Version of the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT-J) after circulation dynamics improved (defined as baseline), and participants were classified into good and poor oral health groups (OHAT-J 0-2 and ≧ 3, respectively). The primary outcome measure was the incidence of dysphagia evaluated using the Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) at baseline. Secondary outcome measures were nutritional status and FILS score at discharge. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between oral health and the study outcomes. Of the 203 recruited patients (mean age, 79.5years; 50.7% female), 83 (40.9%) were in the poor oral health group. Participants with poor oral health were significantly older, had lower skeletal muscle mass and strength, lower nutrient intake and nutritional status, worse swallowing status, as well as lower cognitive level, and physical function than those with good oral health. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, baseline poor oral health was significantly associated with the incidence of dysphagia (odds ratio = 1.036, P = 0.020), as well as with the improvement in nutritional status (odds ratio = 0.389, P = 0.046) and dysphagia (odds ratio = 0.199, P = 0.026) at discharge. Poor baseline oral health was associated with the incidence of dysphagia, as well as with the lack of improvement in nutritional status and dysphagia in patients with acute heart failure.

Therapy of gram-negative infection in the complex treatment of cystic fibrosis

Chronic lung infections are a consequence of the disturbance of mucociliary clearance process in cystic fibrosis. For most patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic lung infection is associated with a poor prognosis. The impact of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on progressive deterioration of lung function and nutritional status has been established. Timely and effective antibiotic therapy aimed at eradication or control of gram-negative flora affects the duration and quality of life. The purpose of the study. To investigate the safety and efficacy of inhaled administration of sodium colistimethate (Colimistin®). Methods. The study enrolled 42 patients (27 patients aged 5 to 17 years and 15 patients over 18 years) with an established diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, 38 with monoculture of P. aeruginosa or various associations, 4 with Achromobacter spp. culture. Microbial status, external respiratory function, nutritional status, assessment of well-being, adverse reactions, exacerbations, and use of antibiotic therapy during colimistin inhalations were recorded in all patients at baseline and at 3 months. Results. A significant improvement in nutritional status in terms of weight (p < 0.007) and height (p < 0.001) was shown in the general patient group and the children’s group. In the group of children, there was a significant increase in weight (p < 0.034) and height (p < 0.0001). In the group of patients older than 18 years, there was a significant increase in weight (p < 0.045) and BMI three months after therapy (p < 0.013). There were no significant improvements in FVC and FEV1. The treatment efficacy was shown by the assessment of well-being in the general patient group (p < 0.001) and in the children’s group (p < 0.002). No significant difference was found in the adult patient group (p < 0.067). Two patients dropped out of the study due to ADR at the start of therapy. Conclusion. Sodium colistimethate showed efficacy and safety in bronchopulmonary infections caused by P. aeruginosa in monoculture and in association with Achromobacter spp. and may be recommended for use in children and adults with cystic fibrosis.

MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND DETERMINANTS OF THE CHILD NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF BANGLADESH

This present study investigates the factors that affect child nutrition and the status of maternal Knowledge in the northern region of Bangladesh. For this purpose, this study employs a cross-sectional data survey of two divisions in the northern region of Bangladesh, namely Rangpur and Rajshahi, from which three districts were chosen from each division using a simple random sampling process. This survey collected data from 527 respondents with face-to-face direct interview method. The questionnaire is in the native language for their understanding. This study applies Weight for Age, Height for Age, Weight for Height, and Weight for Height for the nutritional status of children. This study uses bivariate logistic analysis for factor analysis and descriptive analysis for mothers' nutritional Knowledge. The result shows that sanitation, mothers' Employment, maternal nutritional Knowledge, wealth index, maternal educational status, and antenatal care are the key significant determinants of child nutritional status. In addition, this study also reveals that only 30% of the total respondents were aware of the child's nutritional status while feeding their children, that is 158 out of 537 mothers. The findings of this study indicate that improvement in the rate of a child's dietary diversity, women's dietary diversity, and also self-esteem leads to an improvement in the child's nutritional status in a significant manner. It also indicates that moving towards an upward ceiling for cases including compulsory higher education for women, spreading awareness about child nutritional issues, and prohibiting child marriage and early premature pregnancy may enhance sustaining lives for them.

Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis ineligible for clinical trials: a 24-week observational study.

Introduction: Seminal clinical trials with the triple combination of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) demonstrated clinical efficacy in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) who carry at least one F508del mutation. However, due to exclusion criteria of these clinical trials, the effect of ETI was not studied in a substantial number of pwCF. Thus, we ran a single center trial to evaluate a clinical efficacy of ETI treatment in adult pwCF who were ineligible for enrollment in registration studies. Methods: PwCF on ETI with prior lumacaftor-ivacaftor therapy, severe airway obstruction, well-preserved lung function, or with airway infection with pathogens at risk of more rapid decline in lung function formed the study group, while all the others on ETI formed the control group. Lung function, nutritional status and sweat chloride concentration were assessed before and after initialization of ETI therapy over a 6-month period. Results: Approximately a half of the ETI-treated pwCF at the adult Prague CF center (49 of 96) were assigned to the study group. Their mean changes in body mass index ( + 1.04kg/m2) and in sweat chloride concentration (-48.4mmol/L) were similar to the control group ( + 1.02kg/m2; -49.7mmol/L), while the mean change in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1s (ppFEV1; + 10.3 points) was significantly lower than in the control group ( + 15.8 points) (p = 0.0015). In the subgroup analysis, pwCF with severe airway obstruction (ppFEV1 <40) and pwCF with well-preserved lung function (ppFEV1 >90) showed a less potential for improvement in lung function during the ETI treatment than controls (median change in ppFEV1 + 4.9 points and + 9.5 points, respectively). Conclusion: PwCF not eligible for inclusion in clinical trials demonstrated improvement in lung function and nutritional status following the initiation of treatment with the ETI combination. Moderate increase in ppFEV1 was observed in those with severe airway obstruction or well-preserved lung function.

P326 Impact of the elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on the nutrition parameters and gastrointestinal symptoms in adult cystic fibrosis patients in the cystic fibrosis centre of Brno, Czech Republic

Published studies showed improvement in nutritional status and quality of life, even pancreatic insufficiency conversion, mostly in pediatric patients treated with ivacaftor. Although data from clinical trials with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in older patients don’t suggest restoration in exocrine pancreas function, the long-term effect and quality data of the nutrition parameters and pancreatic function outcome in adults are still lacking. The aim of our study was to show the effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy in adult patients with CF on the nutritional status and digestive function. We hypothesize the improvement of nutritional parameters and gastrointestinal symptoms, the reduction of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, however the improvement of exocrine pancreatic function is questionable.

Evaluation of Proximate Composition and Mineral Contents of Selected Locally Produced Beverages in Southwest Nigeria

The study evaluates the proximate composition and mineral contents of selected locally produced beverages in southwest Nigeria.Four locally produced beverages namely; Tigernuts, Kunu Zobo, and Coconut milk drinks were prepared and subjected to laboratory analysis for their nutritional and mineral contents using the standard method. The result showed that the four beverages are rich in moisture content and contained other nutrients to varying degrees. The study also discovered that the mineral content of the drinkis also appreciably high which makes them better alternatives to carbonated soft drinks that have been widely attributed to many health challenges. The study however discovered a wide variation in terms of the nutritional and mineral contents of the drinks as indicated by the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests with a p-value less than 5% level (p &lt; 0.05). It is believed that moderate consumption of these local drinks by people of different categories and especially tourists will no doubt contribute to the overall health and welfare of the populace. Furthermore, it is also believed that the production and distribution of these local beverages can engender economic prosperity, especially for the unemployed. These local drinks could provide many benefits, especially in developing countries by playing important roles in ensuring food security, enhancing livelihoods, improvement of nutritional status and social well-being of the vulnerable groups.