Improvement In Nutritional Status Research Articles

Nutritional status and daily habits as determinants of hospitalization duration in ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

Adequate nutrition in a hospital setting is essential for achieving optimal health outcomes in oncology patients. This study specifically investigated the interrelationships between nutritional status, daily habits, and hospital length of stay (LOS) in ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2022 in a tertiary hospital. Throughout the study, nutritional status, biochemical indicators, diet, and physical activity were meticulously recorded at different stages of chemotherapy: before chemotherapy (T0), the first course (T1), third course (T2), and fifth course (T3). To determine the factors influencing LOS, a generalized estimation equation (GEE) was employed. A total of 460 patients completed the follow-up period. The findings revealed a decline in nutritional risk among patients by 9.90% at T1, 17.62% at T2 and 18.26% at T3 (χ2 = 79.220, P < 0.001). The proportion of people receiving enteral nutrition showed an upward trend (χ2 = 15.202, P < 0.001). Notably, the proportion of patients adhering to a healthier diet increased by 40.44% by the study’s conclusion, while the number of patients abstaining from physical activity or engaging in solely low-intensity activities decreased by 21.08%. Moreover, as the chemotherapy cycle progressed, daily activity steps exhibited an upward trajectory (F = 5.986, P < 0.001), while the LOS experienced a significant reduction (F = 21.298, P < 0.001). This study identified hypoproteinemia (protein level < 34 g/L), a high nutritional risk (NRS 2002 score ≥ 3), a short duration of sleep (≤ 7 h/day), and a lower daily activity level as risk factors for LOS. Receiving enteral nutrition support is a protective factor for LOS. Significant improvements in nutritional status, diet, and physical activity have been observed among ovarian cancer patients during their chemotherapy cycles. Reduced nutritional risks, implementation of nutritional support, good physical activity, and adequate sleep were associated with a shorter LOS.

The impact of a pediatric malnutrition telehealth clinic on anthropometric measurements in children aged 6-59 months in rural Guatemala.

Guatemala, a country with high rates of pediatric malnutrition, has significant challenges including food and potable water insecurity and a lack of health care providers. This study examined the impact of telehealth clinic attendance on pediatric malnutrition scores. A sample of 42 Guatemalan children aged 6-59 months with malnutrition were recruited to participate in eight clinic events, including two in-person and six telehealth clinics. Six telehealth clinics were held at 4- to 6-week intervals, bookended by an initial and concluding in-person event. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze changes between baseline and last visit z-scores for height, weight for length, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body mass index (BMI) and to examine the relationship between the number of telehealth visits and z-score measurements at baseline and last visit. The number of children with severe malnutrition at baseline by weight for length, BMI, and MUAC decreased by the last visit. A decrease occurred in the number of children with stunted height. Changes in z-scores for height, weight for length, BMI, and MUAC between study onset and last visit did not reach statistical significance. Statistically significant relationships existed between clinic attendance and baseline and last visit weight for height/length z-scores and baseline MUAC z-scores. Positive improvements in nutritional status occurred, especially among children with severe malnutrition. Children with severe malnutrition had significantly better telehealth attendance. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed. Study results indicate that telehealth may be a tool to battle global pediatric malnutrition.

Risk of poor nutritional status and nutrition-related complaints in individuals attending a primary care dietitian after a COVID-19 infection: A prospective cohort study.

To report the changes in nutritional status, nutrition-related complaints and risk of sarcopenia in individuals attending a primary care dietitian in the Netherlands after a COVID-19 infection. The study was registered on the clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT04735744). Nutritional status and nutrition-related complaints were assessed with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form and body composition measurements when possible. Risk of sarcopenia was assessed with the Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls questionnaire. Dietitians reported on treatment goals, content and volume of dietetic treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population and outcomes at baseline and end of treatment. For continuous variables, paired samples t-tests were used to compare scores at the start and the end of dietetic treatment. For dichotomous variables. McNemar tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine differences between the start and end of treatment. A total of 222 participants were included [mean age 50 (SD 13), 58% female, 34% overweight, 40% obese]. Malnutrition risk decreased from 44% (medium risk) and 20% (high risk) to 29% and 12% by the end of treatment (p < 0.001). The risk of sarcopenia decreased from 31% to 22% (p < 0.001). There was an imbalance between fat-free mass and fat mass in about half of the participants. The most commonly reported nutrition-related complaints were fatigue, no appetite, the feeling of being full and changed or loss of taste. Median treatment duration was 21 weeks [interquartile range (IQR) 13-26] and 5 consultations (IQR 4-7). Most participants (46%) aimed to maintain weight, with others aiming to lose (14%) or gain (14%) weight. At the end of treatment, 57% had achieved the goals. Significant improvements in nutritional status and risk of sarcopenia were observed after dietetic treatment in primary care, and most participants achieved the treatment goals. Nevertheless, nutrition-related complaints and the risk of malnutrition or sarcopenia remained prevalent.

Abdominal Aortic Calcification as a Predictor of Incomplete Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage III Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives Completion of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) contributes to the improved prognosis of patients with pathological stage (pStage) III colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, identifying patients with AC intolerance is important. Although abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) indicates frailty, its clinical impact on AC completion remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association between AAC and AC incompletion. Methods Patients who underwent AC for pStage III CRC between 2010 and 2021 (n = 161) were enrolled in this study. AAC volume was evaluated by preoperative CT tomography, and the patients were divided into two groups based on an AAC cutoff of 992 mm3, determined using the receiver operating characteristic curves for AC completion. We investigated the perioperative clinicopathological factors and compared the frequency and severity of AC adverse events between the groups. Results The high AAC group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with older age, male sex, hypertension, and AC incompletion than the low AAC group. The regimens were not significantly different. No significant difference in the frequency or severity of adverse events was observed in either group. In the multivariate analysis, high AAC and older age were significantly associated with AC incompletion. Furthermore, k-means cluster analysis based on both age and AAC volume also demonstrated an increased risk of AC incompletion in patients with stage III CRC as both age and AAC volume increased. High AAC was associated with diminished improvement in nutritional status or inflammatory markers after the administration of AC. Conclusions High AAC is a potential risk marker for predicting AC incompletion in patients with stage III CRC before introducing AC. This article was previously posted to the Research Square preprint server on May 16, 2024.

How enteral nutrition modes influence nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors with late dysphagia after radiotherapy: a randomized controlled study.

Palliation to late dysphagia after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) continues to be a challenge. Intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding (IOE) is an emerging enteral nutrition mode that can address nutrition and quality of life issues related to nasogastric tube feeding (NGT). This study aims to investigate the effect of IOE versus NGT in late dysphagia after radiotherapy for NPC. This randomized controlled study included 82 NPC survivors with late dysphagia after radiotherapy. The subjects were randomized divided into the IOE and NGT groups (n1 = n2 = 41). Both groups received standard-of-care rehabilitation. Enteral nutrition supports were administered through IOE or NGT accordingly. This study lasted 2weeks for each participant. The primary outcome was nutritional status including albumin, hemoglobin, total serum protein, and body mass index. The secondary outcomes were (i) the functional oral intake scale (FOIS), (ii) the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), (iii) oral transit time (OTT), (iv) hyoid pause time (HPT), (v) pharyngeal transport time (PTT), and (vi) swallowing-quality of life (SWAL-QoL). Three cases quitted the study halfway and there were no significant baseline differences between the IOE (n = 40) and NGT (n = 39) groups. Both time and group effects were significant in all nutritional indicators. The time effect was significant in the FOIS levels, OTT and PTT, while the group effect was not. Either time or group effect were insignificant in the PAS levels and HPT. Both group and time effects were significant in the SWAL-QoL total scores (zGroup = 5.080, P < 0.001; zTime = 18.005, P < 0.001). The significance of time and group effects varied across different dimensions of the SWAL-QoL. Rehabilitation interventions can improve swallowing function among NPC survivors with late dysphagia after radiotherapy. In this population who received standard-of-care rehabilitation, IOE is more conducive to the improvement of nutritional status, and swallowing-related quality of life. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06301763.

An unusual case of Anasarca-Rapunzel syndrome

Rapunzel syndrome is a rare form of gastric trichobezoar extending into the intestine, often associated with malnutrition and protein-losing enteropathy. A 12-year-old female presented with epigastric abdominal pain, facial puffiness, bilateral lower limb swelling, and anorexia. She was a known case of sickle-thalassemia double heterozygous state but had never received a blood transfusion. Family history revealed parental separation and harsh paternal behavior. The patient was undernourished but otherwise developed normally. On examination, she was lethargic, exhibited generalized anasarca, severe anemia, signs of congestive cardiac failure, and patchy hair loss on the scalp. Abdominal examination revealed moderate ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, and a firm, mobile, non-tender epigastric mass (10×8 cm), suggestive of gastric bezoar. Laboratory findings showed microcytic hypochromic anemia with macro-ovalocytes in the context of sickle-thalassemia heterozygosity. The child required multiple blood and serum albumin transfusions for severe anemia and hypoproteinemia with anasarca. Hepatic and renal causes of anasarca were excluded. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems were normal. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen confirmed the gastric bezoar. After stabilization, exploratory laparotomy and trichobezoar evacuation were performed. Psychiatric counseling and diversion therapy were provided. The child was discharged in stable condition, with follow-up showing significant improvement in nutritional status, mood, and general well-being. This case highlights the unusual presentation of Rapunzel syndrome with generalized anasarca in a pediatric patient with underlying sickle-thalassemia, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary management and follow-up.

Successful weaning from parenteral nutrition in a short bowel syndrome patient with high-output stoma through restricted oral diet: a case report.

A restricted oral diet plays a significant role in the nutritional management of patients with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). SBS patients often experience increased intestinal output, especially if they are classified as net "secretors" (typically having less than 100 cm of residual jejunum). This means they lose more water and sodium from their stoma than they take in by mouth. In this report, we present the case of an SBS patient with 80 cm of remaining bowel, no colon in continuity, and a high-output stoma. The patient was managed with a restrictive oral diet in combination with parenteral nutrition, pharmacological treatment, and high patient compliance. Following this regimen, the patient's condition improved significantly, leading to a reduction in stoma output and an improvement in nutritional status, including stabilization and weight gain. Upon discharge from the hospital, the patient was maintaining an oral diet with specific nutritional recommendations and receiving parenteral saline. This case report suggests that the combined use of restricted oral intake and parenteral nutrition (PN), alongside appropriate pharmacological management and high patient compliance, can effectively manage high-output stomas and improve nutritional status, even in cases where the small bowel is less than 100 cm in length.

To explore the postoperative nutritional status and factors influencing prognosis in patients with chronic constipation complicated by malnutrition.

Many patients with constipation also suffer from varying degrees of malnutrition, and the relationship between the two conditions is a vicious cycle. Surgery is the final step in the treatment of constipation, with a success rate of up to 95%. This study aims to investigate the effects of surgical treatment on the nutritional status of patients with chronic constipation and malnutrition. A total of 60 patients with chronic constipation and various degrees of malnutrition who underwent surgery in our department from January 2020 to March 2023 were included in this study. Biochemical tests including BMI, albumin, total protein, hemoglobin, cholesterol and lymphocyte count were conducted, as well as measurements of inflammatory markers such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Additionally, multiple nutritional risk screening scales (NRS2002, MUST, NRI, and MNA) and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were used to assess the nutritional status of patients before surgery, as well as at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-surgery. Finally, we analyzed the factors influencing postoperative recovery outcomes in patients. Compared to pre-operation, the BMI of patients significantly increased at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the operation, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). Multiple nutritional risk assessment tools (NRS2002, MUST, NRI, and MNA), as well as the prognostic nutritional index (NPI), indicated a reduction in nutritional risk and improvement in nutritional status at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery, compared to pre-surgery levels (p < 0.001). The levels of albumin, total protein, and hemoglobin in patients at 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery were significantly higher than those before the surgery (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant change in the number of lymphocytes. Inflammatory markers such as IL-6, IL-8, and CRP exhibited a significant decrease after the surgery, reaching normal levels at 6 months post-surgery (p < 0.001). Low BMI, low PNI, and low cholesterol levels are independent risk factors for patient prognosis (p < 0.05). Surgical treatment can enhance the nutritional status of constipation patients with malnutrition, which in turn promotes the restoration of intestinal motility. The patient's nutritional status will impact the postoperative recovery outcomes.

Gut Microbiome Changes among Undernutrition and Stunting Infants and Children under 2 Years: A Scoping Review

Background Undernutrition and stunting are significant public health concerns globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Nutritional intervention is the cornerstone of the management and prevention of these conditions. However, the gut microbiome has recently emerged as an essential modulator of the effects of nutritional interventions in undernutrition and stunting. This scoping review aims to examine the impact of nutrition intake (including if there is any intervention) over time on gut microbiome changes in infants and children under the age of 2 who experience undernutrition and stunting. Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane Library, including studies from 2013 to 2023, using terms related to malnutrition, stunting, failure to thrive, and gut microbiome. Inclusion criteria were applied to select eligible studies for review. Five studies were chosen to be included in this review. Results The findings indicate that nutrition intake over time, including dietary supplementation and prebiotics, can influence the gut microbiome composition, diversity, and functionality in undernutrition and stunting infants and children. These may promote the growth of beneficial bacteria while reducing the abundance of harmful pathogens. Moreover, improvements in nutritional status, growth parameters, and immune function were observed in association with positive changes in the gut microbiota. Conclusion Nutrition intake can positively modulate the gut microbiome in undernutrition and stunting infants by supporting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella sp, and other bacterial taxa that vary with age, ultimately contributing to enhanced growth and development outcomes. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to develop targeted nutritional interventions that optimize the gut microbiome in undernutrition and stunting infants and children under 2 years.

PNI is useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcoma: A retrospective study

BackgroundIt is known that preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is useful in predicting prognosis in gastrointestinal diseases and that preoperative improvement of nutritional status improves prognosis. However, there have been few large-scale reports examining the prognostic value of PNI in soft tissue sarcomas. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the PNI can be useful for predicting overall survival in soft tissue sarcoma. MethodsBetween January 2006 and March 2022 at our hospital, 111 patients with pathologically diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma were included, retrospectively. Several nutritional or inflammatory biomarkers such as PNI were calculated from the pretreatment blood sample results. The patients were classified into two groups (low and high groups) based on the median value of each parameter. Overall survival was analyzed by the Kaplan‒Meier method and log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were used to investigate prognostic factors for overall survival. ResultsThe median overall survival was 24.3 months (mean 37.3 months), and the high PNI group had a significantly longer overall survival than the low PNI group (p < 0.0001). PNI was the most significant univariate factor for overall survival among other nutritional and inflammatory parameters (HR: 5.64, 95% CI: 2.26–14.12, p = 0.0002). The multivariate proportional hazards model was built using variables with prognostic potential as suggested by previous analysis with respect to patient characteristics and PNI. As potential confounding factors, we included PNI, stage, age, and tumor location. PNI was also an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (HR: 7.02, CI: 2.52–19.40, p = 0.0002). ConclusionPNI is a useful prognostic factor among various parameters for overall survival in patients with soft tissue sarcoma.

Correlation Between Tuberculosis Type and Comorbidities with Nutritional Recovery Rates Post-Tuberculosis Treatment in Pediatric Patients

Background: Tuberculosis remains a significant cause of mortality in children. Nutritional status is one of the major risk factors for tuberculosis severity. This study investigated the factors influencing nutritional status in tuberculosis patients. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted in the tertiary national-referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were obtained from electronic health records from 2012-2018. This study included patients aged 0-18 years-old who were diagnosed and treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs. Patients who did not complete the therapy for minimum 2 months were excluded. Results: A total of 207 patients were included in this study. The type of tuberculosis was associated with the nutritional status of children after 2 months of treatment (p value = 0.014; 95% CI = 0.422 - 0.914). Children with extrapulmonary TB showed better improvement in nutritional status compared to those with pulmonary TB. Comorbidities were also associated with nutritional status (p-value = 0.020; CI95% = 1.063 - 2.382). Patient without comorbidities experience better nutritional status improvement than those with comorbidities. Conclusion: The nutritional status of tuberculosis patients improved after the 2-months of treatment. The type of tuberculosis and the presence of comorbidities influence the outcomes of nutritional status during anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Under-five mortality during the war in Tigray: A community-based study

BackgroundChild mortality is one of the key indicators of the Sustainable development goals. The Ethiopian healthcare system in general and Tigray’s healthcare system in particular has shown a remarkable progress in terms of reducing maternal, neonatal, and under-five mortality in the last couple of decades. However, the war erupted in November 2020 caused the healthcare system to collapse and little is known about the status of child mortality in Tigray. Thus, this study aimed to examine the magnitude and causes of under-five child mortality in the embattled Tigray region was conducted from October 2020 – May 2022.MethodsA cross-sectional community-based survey was employed. The study included all zones except the western zone and some areas of eastern and north western Tigray bordering Eritrea. These areas were skipped for security reasons. Based on multistage cluster sampling, 121 tabiyas in districts were selected. Census was conducted to survey 189,087 households in the 121 Tabiyas. A locally developed household screening tool and the latest world health organization verbal autopsy instrument were used. The Verbal Autopsy data was processed using the Inter-VA–5.1 (probabilistic modeling) to assign the cause of death. Under-five mortality rate (U5MR) was calculated per 1000 live births with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsIn the present study, out of 29,761 live births, 1761 under-five children died giving an under-five mortality rate of 59(95% CI, 57–62) per 1000 live births. Deaths in the neonatal period and post-neonatal period accounted for 60% and 19.9% of the deaths respectively. Overall, the top 3 causes of under-five child mortality in the present study were: Perinatal asphyxia (n = 277,18%,) prematurity (n = 235,16%) and diarrheal diseases (n = 162, 12.5%). In those who died after first month of life, diarrheal diseases, lower respiratory tract infection, sever acute malnutrition and HIV were the main causes of death. Concerning the place of death, 61.6% of the children died at home.ConclusionThe present study revealed the doubling of under-five mortality in Tigray from where the figure stood in the pre-war period. The leading causes of death in under-five mortality are potentially preventable in situation where the healthcare system is functioning. Restoring the healthcare system and its apparatus, improving access to skilled institutional delivery, smooth perinatal transition, improving nutrition status of children, access to full course of vaccines could ameliorate the staggering under-five mortality rate in the war in Tigray.

Individualized Nutritional Management Using Dishcook Improves Nutrition Status Markers in Patients with Intellectual Disability.

Dishcook is a new cooking system that allows individual cooking using a dedicated induction heater. This study investigated whether Dishcook use affects the nutritional value of individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted on users receiving support from a continuous-employment office in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture, in 2022. Of these participants, 18 (seven women and 11 men) who requested the use of the Dishcook were included in the analysis. The study period was from January to August 2023. The mean age was 48.72±16.24 y. A significant increase in the overall phase angles of the limbs was observed. Triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and serum zinc levels improved in patients who used the Dishcook. The phase angle obtained using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis also improved, indicating the usefulness of the Dishcook in treating metabolic diseases and the possibility of individualized nutritional management.

Pemanfaatan Olahan Labu Kuning untuk MPASI sebagai Pencegahan Stunting pada Anak Balita

Gunung Mas District, Central Kalimantan Province, has serious concerns about stunting, with prevalence remaining high at both national and local levels. Stunting, as an indication of chronic malnutrition, requires effective interventions to improve this condition. One strategic effort is through the provision of nutritious complementary foods, with pumpkin as a potential local ingredient. Previous studies have shown that pumpkin is high in nutrients and effective in improving the nutritional status of toddlers. Universitas Palangka Raya, through the UPR 2024 Regular KKN Period I team, conducted education in Belawan Mulia Village to increase the local people's knowledge and skills on pumpkin-based complementary feeding. Implementation methods included education to the local people's forum and village institutions, along with the provision of complementary foods. The program results showed that the use of brochures and stickers were effective in spreading the information. The program succeeded in increasing the local people's knowledge, changing their feeding behavior, and contributing to the reduction of stunting and improvement of children's nutritional status.

Mid-upper arm circumference as an indicator of nutritional status improvement in children aged 6-59 months with severe acute malnutrition

Background The prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Indonesia remains high, especially in children with pre-existing chronic disease. These children often present with conditions that could interfere with weight measurements, such as edema or organomegaly. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a potential indicator of nutritional status improvement. Objective To analyze the correlation between MUAC and body weight as parameters for nutritional improvement in children with SAM. Methods We performed registry analysis of patients admitted to the Pediatric Ward, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia from November 2016 to December 2020. We included children aged 6-59 months who were severely wasted (z-score &lt;-3 on the WHO weight-for-height growth chart), had no conditions that could alter weight measurement, and had a 7-day minimum hospital stay. Patients with missing body weight and/or MUAC data were excluded. MUAC and weight increment between admission and discharge were analyzed using bivariate correlation and linear regression analyses. Results Out of 4,746 pediatric inpatients, 1,996 presented with SAM. Of these, 124 were eligible for analysis. Subjects’ median age was 18 (IQR 11-32) months and median length of stay was 16 days (IQR 9-29 days). Weight increment (g/kg/day) and MUAC increment (mm/day) were independently and significantly correlated (P&lt;0.001; Spearman’s rho=0.414). An adequate weight increment of 5-10 g/kg/day was equivalent to a MUAC increment of 0.319-0.439 mm/day (P&lt;0.001; R=0.374). Conclusion MUAC increment has a moderate positive correlated with weight increment. MUAC is a useful parameter of nutritional status improvement in SAM patients, especially in patients with conditions that could interfere with weight measurement.

Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its association with malnutrition in older Chinese adults in the community.

This study aims to characterize the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment in older adults within Chinese community settings. Research exploring the interrelation between malnutrition and cognitive impairment in the older adult community-dwelling population is scarce. The impact of nutritional status on cognitive function in aging adults has not been definitively established. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in one urban and one rural community in Chengdu, China, from October 2022 to March 2023. The sample included 706 older adults. Logistic regression was utilized to determine independent risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study found a significant prevalence of MCI at 32.0% among the older adult population. Among those suffering from malnutrition, 55.6% were affected by MCI. The logistic regression analysis indicated that malnutrition risk (OR = 2.192, 95% CI 1.431 to 3.357, p < 0.001), rural residence (OR = 1.475, 95% CI 1.003 to 2.170, p = 0.048), age (70-79 years old; OR = 2.425, 95% CI 1.611 to 3.651, p < 0.001; ≥80 years old: OR = 4.773, 95% CI 2.571 to 8.859, p < 0.001), male (OR = 1.584, 95% CI 1.085 to 2.313, p = 0.017), middle education level (OR = 0.986, 95% CI 1.627 to 5.482, p < 0.001), and ADL dependence (OR = 1.810, 95% CI 1.158 to 2.827, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MCI. The findings indicate a widespread occurrence of MCI in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. The association between malnutrition, as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), and cognitive decline is evident. Older adult individuals with nutritional risk, advancing age, rural residence, male gender, moderate education, and ADL dependency are at increased likelihood of developing MCI. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify the temporal relationships between MCI, demographic factors, and whether improvements in nutritional status or ADL can reduce the incidence of MCI in this population.

Analysing the drivers of stunting reduction in twelve sub-saharan African countries using the RIF decomposition approach

BackgroundThis study examines how significant is the changes in child stunting in Sub-Saharan African countries (SSA). Then, it investigates factors that contributed to the reduction in child stunting in those countries. For each country, we distinguish the contribution of compositional effects and structural effect.MethodsThis paper uses data from Demographic and Health Surveys of 12 sub-Saharan African countries conducted between 2000 and 2020. The z-test to compare two independent proportions was used to assess changes in child stunting and explanatory variables over the period. Recentred influence function (RIF) decomposition method was used to decompose changes in stunting over the year in each country, and to determine the contribution of each variable to the changes.ResultsThe prevalence of child stunting declines significantly in 11 countries over the year. The decline varies from 6.8% in Cameroun to 19% in Mali. The average year of education of the child’s mother and father, and the proportion of households with access to an improved drinking water source have contributed to the reduction in child stunting. This result was found in all the countries. Improvements in living standards, child vaccination, antenatal care attendance, delivery to health care centres, maternal education, improved drinking water sources, and improved sanitation make the largest contribution to the composition component, hence reducing child stunting.ConclusionsThis study sheds light on what has contributed to the achieved improvement in child nutritional status and suggests how to possibly accelerate the reduction in undernutrition in countries that lag.

Perception of Paediatricians and Families about Nutritional Supplements: Acceptance, Tolerability and Satisfaction in Malnourished Children (PerceptiONS Jr Study).

Malnutrition is a common situation in the Spanish paediatric population. Malnourished children may benefit from different strategies, including dietary modifications or nutritional supplements (NS). It is important to know the different factors that can influence treatment tolerance and adherence, and their impact on nutrition monitoring. To explore the perception of doctors who prescribe nutritional supplements (NS) in children and to investigate different factors involved in tolerance and adherence. A cross-sectional, descriptive observational study based on an ad hoc electronic survey designed to study doctors' perceptions of at least five of their children with NS and their families, subjected to outpatient follow up. Variables included were the socio-demographic variables of the doctors and children, nutritional status of the patients, amount and characteristics of NS (hyper-caloric oral with fibre (HOFF), oral peptide (OPF) and hyper-caloric infant (HIF)), route of administration, perceived benefits, satisfaction, palatability, adherence, and acceptance. 815 patients aged 0-16 years (mean 10.6 years; SD 7.8) were included. A proportion of 64% received HOFF, 16% FOP, and 20% HIF. A proportion of 84% received exclusive oral NS. Total daily calorie intake prescribed with NS ranged from 30-75% in 48.2% of cases, though it was significantly higher in children under 6 months of age. Improvement in overall condition, nutritional status and quality of life was observed in 82%, 79.5%, and 80% of subjects. Improvement in tolerance and digestive symptoms was reported in 83.5% and 72% of subjects. The degree of satisfaction and acceptance of NS was very good in 80% of cases, with taste being the most influential factor (82.3%). Adherence was adequate in more than 60%, and smell was the most significant feature in lack of adherence (55%). The flavour of the best-accepted supplement was chocolate (44%). A total of 97% of prescribing doctors would recommend the same formula again. In our study, prescribing doctors and families perceived an excellent benefit from the use of the prescribed formulas, improved quality of life, high satisfaction, acceptance, and adherence. The positive factors for adequate adherence were sufficient information about the formulations and their benefits, and continuity of care during follow-up. Prescribing doctors would recommend supplement use again given the perceived benefits and satisfaction.

Association between changes in nutritional status and ability to perform activities of daily living in older patients with heart failure: A stratified analysis by frailty status

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the association between changes in nutritional status and the activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge, considering frailty status of older patients with heart failure (HF). MethodsThis study included 491 older inpatients with HF categorized into the following groups based on their clinical frailty scale (CFS) scores: low, intermediate, and high. Changes in nutritional status were assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status score at admission and discharge. The outcome variable was Barthel Index (BI) at discharge. ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis indicated an association between improvement in nutritional status and high BI at discharge in both the low and intermediate CFS groups (odds ratio [OR], 2.18 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–4.58]), (OR, 2.45 [1.21–4.95]), respectively. ConclusionsImprovement in the ADL at discharge in older patients with HF was associated with improved nutritional status during hospitalization in the low and intermediate CFS groups.

Delphi Consensus Statement on the Role of Probiotics in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itching and recurrent eczematous lesions.Important factors in the etiopathogenesis of AD include genetic predisposition, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and gut and skin dysbiosis. Probiotics could be a potential preventive strategy for allergies including AD through immune system modulation as well as enhancement of the epithelial barrier integrity. To further understand the role of probiotics in the management of AD, a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey was conducted. Materials and methods A steering committee comprising nine experts formulated consensus recommendations on the role of probiotics in the management of AD and associated flare-ups through the use of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices questionnaire while analyzing literature reviews and responses from a national panel consisting of 175 members. The evidence strength and quality were evaluated based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria. The acceptance of expert opinions as recommendations was considered upon receiving an endorsement from ≥70% of the panelists, as indicated by a Likert scale. Results The national panel emphasized that the improvement in nutritional status, immunomodulatory properties, and beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and skin support the use of probiotics in AD. The panel agreed that probiotics should be a part of the complementary therapy in the management of AD and associated flare-ups. Mostly, a probiotics supplementation duration of eight to 12 weeks is preferred by dermatologists. Probiotics, when used as an adjuvant therapy, may serve as a strategy to reduce steroid usage or maintenance therapy in high-risk cases with flares. Conclusion A Delphi-mediated KAP response provides a real-life approach to the use of probiotics in the management of AD. It suggests that probiotics could be useful as an adjuvant therapy in the management of AD and associated flare-ups when used along with traditional treatment.