Nutritional Problems In Indonesia Research Articles

Bekasi City Government Policy In Financing Stunting In Children

Currently, nutritional problems in Indonesia are still in the spotlight, one of which is the problem of stunting in toddlers. The government shows its commitment to tackling stunting by making regulations regarding the acceleration of stunting reduction as stated in Presidential Regulation No. 72 of 2021. The health financing system is an effort to fund the health sector to support the implementation of health with the aim of achieving the highest health status. This study aims to provide an overview of the Bekasi City government's policy in financing stunting prevention in Bekasi City. The research method used is normative juridical, with a statutory approach. The policies issued by the Bekasi City Government regarding the Prevention and Control of Stunting are contained in the Bekasi Mayor's Instruction No: 440/1914/Bappeda and the establishment of the Task Force for the Acceleration of Stunting Prevention and Control is contained in Decree Number: 440/Kep.277-Bappelitbangda/V/ 2020. The results of this study show that the participation of the Bekasi City government has been very good from issuing policies related to stunting reduction efforts, forming and implementing 8 integration actions by involving multi-sectoral roles in government which is an effort to prevent stunting. The financing used in the stunting prevention process is funded by the Bekasi City Government from the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) and or other funds that can be utilized by the relevant government sector to be in charge of 8 integration actions.

NUTRITION STATUS IN LOW NUTRITION CHILDREN AFTER NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION IN COVID 19 PANDEMIC

Based on the results of the PSG (Nutritional Status Monitoring) in 2017, globally, the prevalence of malnourished children under five was 17.8%, especially in West Java Province, 7.4% of under-five malnutrition 210,155 people. Along with these problems, the government created a PMT (Supplementary Food) program to address nutritional problems in Indonesia. For this reason, this study aims to determine the relationship of supplementary feeding to the improvement of nutritional status of malnourished children under five at Posyandu Anyelir, Pancoranmas District, Depok, with a cross-sectional research design. The data were collected using a questionnaire tested for validity and reliability and carried out anthropometric measurements for toddlers from 0 to 60 months. The result was that 22 out of 33 children (66.7%) experienced malnutrition. There was a significant, significant, strong, unidirectional relationship between changes in nutritional status before and after supplementary feeding (p = 0.004)

RELATIONSHIP OF BODY IMAGE, DIET, AND NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IS BALANCED WITH THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SMA YASMU MANYAR KABUPATEN GRESIK

The results of monitoring Nutritional Status (PSG) 2018, explained that obesity and obesity in young women aged 12-18 years decreased from 38.5% to 19.4% in overweight, and 6.7% to 4.7% in the skinny. Malnutrition and more nutritional problems in Indonesia are still common in adolescence, especially in young women. There are several factors that affect nutritional status such as body image, diet, and balanced nutritional knowledge. Tjuan from the study to analyze the relationship of body image, diet, and nutrition balanced with the nutritional status of students in Yasmu Manyar High School, Gresik Regency. This type of quantitative research uses Cross Sectional design. The number of samples as many as 45 people with sampling techniques using purposive sampling. Analyze data using Kendall-Tau. The results showed most respondents had postive body image (100%), less diet (95.5%), good nutritional knowledge (86.6%). Kendall-Tau test results between body image, diet, and nutritional knowledge balanced with nutritional status obtained a p value of 0.415 each; 0,499; 0,910. Concluded that there is no relationship between body image, diet, and nutritional knowledge balanced with the nutritional status of students at Yasmu Manyar High School in Gresik Regency. Therefore, there needs to be counseling on balanced nutrition, monitoring the nutritional status of adolescents in schools, and hopefully students to pay more attention to their intake and diet.

The Association of Household Garbage Management and Socioeconomic with Underweight in Children Under Five in Lebak District and Tangerang City, Banten, Indonesia

Underweight in infants and under-five children may cause growth and developmental disorders and it remains one of the major factors causing child mortality, illness and disability. Underweight is still one of the nutritional problems in Indonesia and the government is undertaking all efforts and drawing up effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of underweight in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to see what factors were associated with underweight in under-five-year-old children in Lebak Regency and Tangerang City, Banten Province. The study applied the logistic regression method using the 2013 Basic Health Research. Underweight in children was calculated by converting the anthropometric measurements into a standardized value (Z-score), which was then presented in the index of body weight for age. The results obtained among 492 infants revealed there were 28.5% (about 75 children under five) with underweight status. Children from families who did not apply good sanitation by disposing of garbage in an unsanitary manner had a risk of 15.2 folds (OR = 15.2, 95% CI = 4.69-49.65) to be underweight compared with those who had good sanitation behaviors. Children under five from families with a low socioeconomic status had a risk of 2.5 folds (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.12-5.53) to suffer from underweight compared to those who had a high socioeconomic status. The conclusion is sanitation and socioeconomic status are related to the underweight status of children under five in Lebak Regency and Tangerang City.

Gambaran Asupan Zat Gizi, Konsumsi Sayur dan Buah dengan Status Haemoglobin Siswa SMP

Background : Anemia in adolescents is one of the nutritional problems in Indonesia. The main cause is related to the intake of nutrients, especially energy and protein, as well as the consumption of vegetables and fruit. The Purpose : This study aims to determine the intake of energy, protein, and consumption of vegetables and fruit in adolescents and anemia status in adolescents. Methods : This study used a cross-sectional design, sampling was done by simple random sampling. The research location is in SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Palembang. Results : The results showed that respondents with normal hemoglobin (Hb) status, which was 61.5%, and 53.8% less nutritional knowledge. Lack of energy intake by 57.7%. A good intake of animal protein was 69.2% and a vegetable protein intake of less category was 78.8%. Good fat intake is 53.8%. Less carbohydrate intake by 55.8%. Vegetable consumption is less than the requirement of 71.2%. Consumption of fruit is less than the requirement of 63.5%. respondents with normal Hb status had good nutritional knowledge of 83.3%, a good energy intake of 63.3%, good animal protein intake of 72.2%, good vegetable protein intake of 90.9%, a low fat intake of 79, 2%, good carbohydrate intake is 78.0%, good vegetable consumption is 73.3%, good fruit intake is 73%. Respondents with less energy and protein intake tend to experience anemia. Conclusion : Adolescents with less consumption of vegetables and fruit tend to have the anemic status

Balanced Nutrition and Nutrition Status of Schoolchildren in Rural Areas of Ogan Komering Ilir District South Sumatra Indonesia

To support the growth and development of children and adolescents, a balanced nutritious diet is required. Indonesia issues a balanced nutrition guideline as the government's effort to overcome various nutritional problems in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship among four pillars of balanced nutrition, namely eating a variety of foods, monitoring body weight, hygiene and healthy living habits and physical activity with nutritional status in school children. This study used a cross-sectional method which was conducted in elementary schools in rural areas with a number of sample of 80 schoolchildren with purposive sampling technique. The data were taken directly by means of interviews and anthropometric measurements. Based on the results of the study, there was a relationship between various foods and physical activity with nutritional status, while for the clean and healthy living habits and monitoring of body weight there was no relationship to the nutritional status of school children. There was a relationship between diverse foods and physical activity and nutritional status of schoolchildren in rural areas of Ogan Komering Ilir District.

Pemberian Buku Cerita Bergambar Bertema "Superhero" dapat Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Sayur dan Buah Siswa Sekolah Dasar

The low consumption of vegetables and fruit in school-age children is one of the unresolved nutritional problems in Indonesia. A way to improve vegetable and fruit eating behavior is to increase students' knowledge and attitudes through illustrated story book and heroic tales. The aim of this study is to find out the impact of picture books on students' knowledge and attitude. This is a quasy experimental study with Non equivalent control group with a pre-test and post-test which was followed by 97 fourth gradeelementary school students including 41 students of intervention group and 56 students of control group. The mann-whitney test is used to see whether there are relationships between independent variable (given of illustrated story books) and the dependent variable (knowledge and attitude) between the intervention and control groups.The results showed a significant increase in knowledge and attitudes in the group which given illustrated story book. There were also significant differences in knowledge changes between the intervention and control groups. Illustrated story books can significantly increase students' knowledge about vegetables and fruitKeywords : Knowledge; Attitudes; Vegetable; Fruits; Illustrated Story Book

Nutrition Interventions for Improving Nutritional Status of Toddlers in Cirebon Regency Indonesia

Background: One of the highest nutritional problems in Indonesia is stunting.Cirebon Regency has a stunting prevalence of 25.6%. The prevalence of stunting above 20% is considered high according to the WHO.This study aims to analyze the differences in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers of children under five before and after nutrition education interventions as well as to analyze nutrient intakes and nutritional status of toddlers before and after being given eggs and milk supplementation. Methods: Pre-experimental study, with one group pre and posttest design. Subjects were 58 toddlers. The intervention given to mothers of toddlers was nutrition education which was carried out in three meetings, and supplementary feeding in the form of eggs and milk for 90 days for toddlers.The data collected consisted of household socio-demographic, toddlers characteristics, nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice, nutrient intakes, nutritional status and hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: Nutrition education interventions increased the nutritional knowledge and practice of mothers with children under five, whiles upplementary feeding for 90 days increased nutrients intake for toddlers but did not improve their nutritional status and did not increase the hemoglobin levels.

PENGARUH KONSUMSI JUS KACANG HIJAU (PHASEOLUS RADIATUS) TERHADAP HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL ANEMIA DI PUSKESMAS TJ. PASIR KEC.KUALUH SELATAN KAB. LABUHAN BATU UTARA TAHUN 2020

Anemia is the biggest public health problem in the world, especially for women of childbearing age and is a major nutritional problem in Indonesia. One of the risks of iron deficiency anemia can lead to increased body weight of low pregnant women and premature birth of babies. This study aims to determine the effect of giving mung beans to hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with mild anemia in trimester III at May Resti, Amd. Keb Maternity Clinic Dangung-Dangung. This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis. The sample selection used a purposive sampling technique as many as 16 pregnant women with mild anemia. Each respondent was given treatment by giving green bean juice as much as 250 cc, 2 times a day for 7 days. Measurement of hemoglobin levels was carried out 2 times, namely 1 day before and on the 9th day after consumption of green bean juice. There is an effect of green beans on the increase in hemoglobin levels of pregnant women but it is not too significant. For preventive efforts in preventing anemia, pregnant women should consume this green bean juice. In this study, we obtained suggestions to promote green bean juice in an effort to prevent anemia in pregnant women.

CHILDREN'S AGE WHEN GETTING COMPLEMENTARY FOOD AND SHORT STATURE EVENTS IN CHILDREN 12-24 MONTHS

Introduction: Short stature remains a nutritional problem in Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO) data showed that Indonesia is the third-highest ranked for short stature prevalence among countries in Southeast Asia. National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013 stated that the prevalence of short stature children was 37.2%. Short stature is caused by various factors, and one of the causes is early complementary feeding. Purpose: To analyze the association between child age when receiving complementary feeding and short stature in children 12-24 months. Method: This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling technique using non-probability sampling, i.e., consecutive sampling. Data collected through interviews, questionnaires, and physical examinations of children's body length and weight. Research location was in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test. There were 182 subjects included in this study. Results: Among those who received complementary feeding before six months old, 53 children (76.8%) had short stature, and 16 children (23.2%) were normal. Meanwhile, after six months old, those who received complementary feeding were 40 children (35.4%) who had short stature, and 73 babies (64.4%) received complementary foods after six months with normal growth. Chi-square test showed a significant association between child age when receiving complementary feeding and short stature among children aged 12-24 months in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center (p<0,001; PR = 2.17, 95% CI=1.642.87). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between child age when receivingcomplementary feeding and short stature in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center.

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior with The Stunting Events in Children in Central Java, Indonesia

Stunting is a serious nutritional problem in Indonesia that can increase morbidity and mortality due to infection. This study aims to determine the relationship between clean and healthy living behavior with stunting. This research is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted from October to November 2018. The study population was all elementary school students in Tambakrejo Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia. The research sample of 85 children. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. The independent variable of the research is clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) which is assessed based on three aspects including cognitive, affective and psychomotor. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test. The results showed that the effective PHBS influenced the incidence of stunting. However, cognitive PHBS and psychomotor PHBS showed no influence on the relationship with the incidence of stunting.

The development of a digital video to improve Nutrition and Reproductive Health (NRH) knowledge of female adolescents

The awareness of female adolescents about nutrition and reproductive health (NRH) to prevent nutrition problems in Indonesia is very important. This study aims to develop a digital video used in the school environment and the community to improve the NRH knowledge of female adolescents. The methodology of research is R&D (Research and Development) with the ADDIE model (Analyse, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). The design and development phase produced a 30 minutes digital video format that contains NRH materials. The results of these phases showed that media experts considered the appropriate value of 4.5 and a nutritionist value of 4.4. The field testing implemented the video product in 3 Vocational High Schools in DKI Jakarta and West Java Province by involving 180 female students to measure the effectiveness of the use of digital video media. The field test results in a useful digital video for improving NRH knowledge of female adolescents.

Energy and protein intakes are associated with stunting among preschool children in Central Jakarta, Indonesia: a case-control study

Introduction: Stunting is a major nutritional problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunting in DKI Jakarta province was relatively high at 27.5% in 2013 and 17.7% in 2018. This study aims to describe nutrient intakes of children aged 25-30 months and to determine the proportional differences in nutrient intakes between stunting and normal children in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A case-control study with a total sample of 121 children aged 25-30 months was conducted in Gambir and Sawah Besar sub-districts, Central Jakarta, where the prevalence of stunting was high. All children were exclusively breastfed for at least four months and had similar socio-economic levels. Data collected included height measurement, questionnairebased interview, and 24-hour food recall. T-test and chi-square test were used to investigate the differences between two groups and logistic regression was used in multivariate analysis. Results: Factors associated with stunting were energy intake (AOR=6.0; 95% CI=1.0-35.0) and protein intake (AOR=4.0; 95% CI=1.1-15.5) after controlling for fat, carbohydrate, vitamin C, iron, and zinc intakes. The percentage of children with energy intake below the recommendation was much higher in stunted children (86.1%) compared to normal children (43.5%). Similarly, the percentage of children with protein intake below the recommendation was very much higher among stunted children (30.6%) compared to 8.2% in normal children. Conclusion: Children who lacked energy and protein intakes were at a higher risk of stunting than children who had sufficient intakes. Macronutrient intakes are important and should be consumed in sufficient quantities every day to prevent stunting.

Status Gizi dan Perilaku Makan Ibu Selama Kehamilan Trimester Pertama

Background: Nutritional problems in Indonesia are one of the indirect causes of maternal and child mortality. The low nutritional status of mothers before pregnancy and during the first trimester of pregnancy results in babies with low birth weight, stunting and prematurity, pregnancy in the first trimester is the most vulnerable period, where the process of forming very important organs such as the central nerve, heart and hearing is enhanced in the next trimester.Methods: This research uses descriptive quantitative design. Respondents of the study were 50 pregnant women in the first trimester in the Salatiga Primary Health Care. Nutritional status was determined by weight gain of respondents during pregnancy, while eating behavior was measured using the SQ-FFQ Form. The 2x24 hour food recall was used to determine the level of nutritional intake of respondents.Result: The results showed that the respondents experienced a deficit of TKP, TKE, and TKK and TKL excess, while the abnormal weight gain was 44%, and KEK was 20%.Conclusion : Respondents experienced nutritional problems because their daily food intakes were less than their needs

PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN BALITA GIZI KURANG DENGAN PEMBERIAN MAKANAN NUTRISI TINGGI BERBAHAN BAKU TEMPE DAN KEMBANG KOL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KABERE

Nutritional problems in Indonesia are getting more complex as the epidemiology transition occurs. According to reports of posyandu weighing activities at Kabere Puskesmas in 2020 there were 28 malnourished toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in body weight of malnourished toddlers by providing high nutritional food made from tempeh and cauliflower in the working area of Kabere Public Health Center, Enrekang Regency. This type of research is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The population is malnutrition under five in the working area of Puskesmas Kabere, The samples of this research were children under five who were malnourished, 14 under five who were given treatment and 14 children who were not given treatment for under-nutrition who were in the working area of the Kabere Community Health Center by calculating zcore, Data analysis was performed using the independent sample t-test with the help of the SPSS version 20 program. The location of this research was conducted in the working area of the Kabere Community Health Center. The research was conducted in July-August 2020.The results showed that the provision of high nutritional food made from tempeh and cauliflower could significantly increase body weight in malnourished children under five. So it is recommended that parents of toddlers provide adequate nutritional intake for under-nutrition children so that their nutritional status can continue to improve.

Factors Related to Stunting in Toddlers Aged 6-24 Months

Stunting is one of worrying nutritional problems in Indonesia as its prevalence grows every year. The generalobjective of this study is to determine factors related to stunting. This study used cross-sectional approachconducted in Kendari City and Semarang City from April to December 2019. The population was childrenunder two years old in Kendari City and Semarang City. Data were analyzed quantitatively, consisting ofunivariate and bivariate analysis with the help of SPSS. Data analyzed were presented in the form of tableand description to discuss the results. The results showed that variables that were significantly correlatedwith stunting in this study were birth weight (p = 0.014), feeding (p = 0.014), mother’s height (p = 0.004),ANC (p = 0.008), mother’s education (p = 0.007), drinking water use (p = 0.0001), toilet use (0.047). Toprevent stunting, it is suggested based on this study to focus on variables like feeding suitability, mother’sweight, ANC examination, drinking water use and toilet use.

The Development of Early Detection Tool for Stunting Prediction

Stunting is a nutritional problem in Indonesia which prevalence has experienced an increased every year.One way to overcoming nutritional problems, especially stunting, is the availability of technology, includingearly detection [tool] for prediction of stunting. The general objective of this research was to develop anearly detection tool for predicting stunting. This research was a cross-sectional study. This research wasconducted in Kendari and Semarang, from April to December 2019. The research population was childrenunder two years-old in Kendari and Semarang. The samples of this research were children under two yearsold in Kendari and Semarang. The data analysis was done using the SPSS program. The research results are:The prediction of stunting is formed when the maternal height variable is a predictive factor for stunting pv= 0.004 CI (1.573–11.438);shorter maternal height with a tendency of 4.242 times. Feeding is a predictivefactor for stunting pv = 0.047 CI (1.015–14.229); feeding to baby is only breast milk with a tendency of 3.800times. The maternal education is a predictive factor for stunting pv = 0.012 CI (1.153–3.225); lower maternaleducation with a tendency of 1.929 times. The use of drinking water is a predictive factor for stunting pv =0.027 CI (1.072–3.213); the use of unfiltered drinking water with a tendency of 1.858 times. The predictionof stunting is formed when the variable of maternal height is short, feeding to baby is only breast milk andmilk, Antenatal Care is lacking, maternal education is low, the drinking water used is unfiltered, the type oftoilet used is other than gooseneck toilet and the birth weight is LBW, thenthe prediction of stunting wouldbe 85%. Suggestions given in this research are that –from the models(variables) taken, namely inappropriatefeeding, inadequate ANC and low maternal education can predict stunting status thus it is necessary to makeimprovements to these variables.

Faktor Risiko Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada Ibu Hamil di Cikembar Kabupaten Sukabumi

One of the nutritional problems in Indonesia is Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women, which is the cause of the high maternal mortality rate and low birth weight. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of CED in pregnant women with cross-sectional study design. The subject in this research were 70 pregnant women with and without CED (normal) at Cikembar Health Center Sukabumi district. CED group had less nutrition and health knowledge in comparison to the normal group. The level of energy and protein sufficiency in both groups was generally in the deficit category. Most of the CED group food security was in food insecurity while the normal group was in food vulnerable conditions. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, it shows that there is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and household food security with the incidence of CED in pregnant women (p <0.05), but between the level of energy and protein adequacy shows an insignificant relationship (p> 0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis results indicate that the factor affecting the incidence of CED in pregnant women is household food security. Besides, the level of knowledge of nutrition and health, food consumption, and household food security in CED pregnant women is low or deficit compared to the normal pregnant women.

Pentingnya penggunaan garam yodium untuk mengatasi anak pendek

Background: One of the nutritional problems in Indonesia is iodine deficiency which can cause IDD. Lack of iodine can result in mumps and cretin, mental retardation, birth defects, children who are less intelligent, and miscarriage in pregnant women. The community is expected to understand the effects of iodine deficiency and excess on health, so it is expected to reduce the number of sufferers of iodine deficiency and excess in Indonesia.Objective: The research aims to improve the behavior of mothers in using iodized salt towards the anticipation of short children. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental, which was conducted on 30 housewives who had toddlers. The study was conducted from August to September 2018 in Lhoknga District. Pretest and posttest data related to behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and actions) were collected through interviews using a questionnaire. Data processing includes the stages of editing, coding, entry, and tabulating. Data analysis was performed bivariate, using t-dependent tests at 95% CI.Results: This study has shown that there is a significant difference (p= 0.000) between knowledge, attitudes, and actions of mothers before training and after training on the use of iodized salt in the household.Conclusion: The provision of educational training on the use of iodized salt through leaflet media apparently has a statistically significant effect

Determinan Kejadian Overweight pada Wanita Usia Subur di Kota Jambi

Overweight is one of the nutritional problems in Indonesia that will affect the quality of health. Increased prevalence of obesity is identified as being more at risk in the group of women as they age. As for other determinants including the use of contraception, food intake that is not in accordance with needs, lack of activity and family history. This study aims to determine and identify preventive measures against risk factors that may be a determining factor for overweight in women of childbearing age. This study was an observational study using a cross sectional design. Sampling using a multistage random sampling technique with a sample size of 276 respondents in the Simpang Kawat Puskesmas Work Area in Jambi City in 2019, the study was conducted in August 2018-July 2019. Data were analyzed using the chi square test (α = 0.05). The results showed that the prevalence of obesity in women of childbearing age was 35.5%, poor diet (50.4%), heavy physical activity (81.9%), no family history of obesity (80.4%) and use hormonal contraception (60.9%). Based on comparative analysis, it is known that a significant factor with overweight is eating variable (p value = 0.019), while other factors are declared insignificant namely physical activity; both mild activity (p value = 0.596) and moderate (p value = 0.216), family history (p value = 0.126) and use of contraception; both hormonal (p value = 0.485) and non hormonal (p value = 0.505). The conclusion of this study is the determinant of the incidence of overweight in women of childbearing age caused by poor diet and is not influenced by physical activity, family history and use of contraception.