Need For Nutrition Research Articles

Wasting coexisting with underweight and stunting among children aged 6‒59 months hospitalised in Garissa County Referral Hospital, Kenya.

Management of undernourished children depends only on wasting yet it can coexist with underweight and/or stunting. Among children admitted to hospital with acute illness, we determined the proportion with wasting coexisting with underweight and/or stunting and their risk factors. A retrospective review of hospital records of children 6‒59 months old admitted at Garissa County referral hospital, Kenya, from January 2017 to December 2019 was conducted. Using World Health Organization 2006 growth standards, undernutrition were defined: wasting as Weight-for-height Z-score < -2, stunting Height-for-age Z-score < -2 and underweight Weight-for-age Z-score < -2. We studied wasting coexisting with underweight and/or stunting. Among 624 children recruited, 347 (56%) were males and 511 (82%) <24 months old. Diarrhoea 210 (34%) and pallor/anaemia 310 (50%) were the most frequent admission diagnosis. HIV infection was present among 8 (1.3%) children. Wasting, underweight and stunting were present among 595 (95%), 518 (83%) and 176 (28%) children respectively. 161 (26%), 506 (81%) and 161 (26%) children had wasting coexisting with stunting, underweight and both stunting and underweight respectively. In the multivariable regression, diarrhoea was positively associated with wasting coexisting with stunting (adjusted risk ratio [aRR = 2.96] [95% CI = 2.06‒4.23]) and anaemia with wasting coexisting with underweight (aRR = 1.23) (95% CI = 1.03‒1.47). Overall, 343 (55%) children were discharged alive, 67 (11%) absconded from the wards, 164 (26%) were transferred to another hospital and 50 (8.0%) died before discharge. The risk of inpatient death was 10.3%, 7.9%, 8.4% and 6.8% among children not wasted, wasted only, wasted & underweight, and wasted and underweight and stunted respectively (Chi-square p = 0.60). The study reports an unacceptably high levels of undernourishment, including coexisting forms of undernutrition among hospitalised children. This highlights a public health priority for current nutrition therapeutic care and need of continuity of care among those children discharged alive in the community-based management of acute malnutrition programmes.

Narrative review: nutritional strategies for ageing populations - focusing on dysphagia and geriatric nutritional needs.

The increase in elderly populations worldwide highlights the urgency of addressing age-related problems through effective nutritional management to enhance the well-being of the elderly and for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The trend towards an increasing elderly population brings with it an increase in conditions such as sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia and frailty, emphasising the importance of regular checks for malnutrition in the elderly and the implementation of personalised nutritional therapies. The importance of nutrition in addressing geriatric syndromes such as frailty, sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia, obesity and metabolic syndrome is highlighted. Dysphagia, frequent in the elderly, requires special attention to prevent malnutrition and complications. It is essential to maintain muscle mass and bone health in old age. In this review we investigate the fundamental role of nutrition in geriatrics, focusing on promoting healthy ageing and managing problems such as malnutrition and overeating. The importance of protein intake and healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet are then discussed. Finally, the challenges of personalised nutritional care, including the need for artificial nutrition or oral supplements, to improve quality of life and health care in an ageing society are addressed.

Integrated enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in radical cystectomy for bladder tumour-A retroprospective study.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a patient-centerd, evidence-based approach to improve postoperative outcomes. The protocol involves multidisciplinary collaboration and standardisation of perioperative interventions. ERAS has shown positive results in reducing hospitalisation and complications. The study conducted in the Department of Urology was a retro-prospective study. It included an ERAS cohort group of 47 patients, studied prospectively from May 2021 to May 2023. These patients were compared to a historical cohort of 47 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy with traditional care before the ERAS pathway was implemented. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included perioperative management, time to recovery milestones and complications. Implementation of ERAS pathway for radical cystectomy was associated with reduced hospital LOS (mean LOS 16.19 ± 2.53 days vs. 10.26 ± 3.33 days 7 days; p< 0.0001), reduced time to key recovery milestones, including days to first flatus (3.17 vs. 2.68; p= 0.013) and days to first solid food (5.19 vs. 3.45 p value < 0.0001), first stool (5.53 vs. 4.23; p< 0.0001), reductions in some complications like postoperative ileus (p value = 0.021) and need for total parental nutrition (p value = 0.023). In conclusion, the implementation of the integrated approach facilitates a more efficient recovery process, potentially reducing healthcare costs and enhancing patient comfort.

A comparative analysis of supportive care service needs in patients with pancreas versus other gastrointestinal cancers.

272 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death and presents with advanced incurable disease approximately 75% of the time, contributing to the lowest survival rate and worst multidimensional quality of life (QOL) compared to other adult solid tumors. Standardized screening for early integration of interdisciplinary care (IDC) services, advance care planning, and utilization of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) for improved QOL and symptom management are recommended, yet the literature is lacking in rigorously-conducted PDAC needs assessments, an important prerequisite to care model design. Methods: Between September 12, 2023 and May 7, 2024, 525 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies were sent a Supportive Care Questionnaire (SCQ), an ePRO survey assessing multi-dimensional IDC needs prior to first visit at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center in the Pacific Northwest. The SCQ includes validated surveys and a total of 12 domains chosen by the IDC service responsible for management of the given need(s), who also set trigger thresholds for referral to the IDC service. Rates of positive screens for each service were compared by cancer type (PDAC, Colorectal [CRC], gastroesophageal [GE]). Results: 340 (65%) SCQs were completed (57% via MyChart, 43% in person) similarly across disease groups; with an average of 10 mins to complete. Respondents were 49% female/59% male (Race: White (76.5%), Asian (10%), Black/African-American (4.5%), Other/Unknown (9%)/Ethnicity Non-Hispanic (90%, Hispanic 7.6%), Other/Declined/Unknown 2.4%), with primary language spoken being English (92%), Spanish (3.5%), simplified Chinese (1.5%) and Other (2.5%). Table 1 shows – by GI cancer type –the total number of responses and the proportion of patients who screened positive for one or more IDC services. Conclusions: Patients with PDAC had the greatest need for IDC services with most frequent positive screens indicating need for nutrition, social work, palliative care and patient navigation services when surveyed in our institution-wide program of SC screening for all new GI cancer patients. Results will inform further development of IDC services in PDAC and other GI cancers, including via staff prediction modeling. The SCQ is also being considered for SC screening and management across the Canopy Cancer Collective, a nationwide learning health network of pancreas cancer programs. PDAC CRC GE Surveyed 187 237 101 Completed 122 (65%) 153 (65%) 65 (64%) Positive Screen 68 (56%) 70 (46%) 26 (40%)

383 Performance of piglets in response to graded dietary supplementation of sulfur amino acids using either hydroxy-methionine or DL-Methionine during the post-weaning period

Abstract Providing piglets with their precise nutritional need is critical during the stressful post-weaning period. Methionine (Met), a sulfur-containing amino acid, has a crucial role in piglet growth and health. Stressful conditions may increase Met demand due to its involvement in maintaining redox balance via downstream metabolites such as glutathione. There are different sources of supplementary Met for pigs such as DL-methionine (DL-Met) and hydroxy-methionine. The latter comes mostly as an acidic liquid form (OH-Met) and to a lesser degree as a powder calcium-salt (OH-Met-Ca). This study investigates the effect of graded levels of dietary total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) by supplementing different sources of Met on the performance and capacity of post-weaning piglets to respond to stress. Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, post-weaning piglets [n = 90; 28 d of age; body weight (BW) = 9.13 ± 0.65 kg] were fed with either DL-Met or OH-Met-Ca to provide 80%, 100%, and 125% TSAA recommendations of NRC and performance parameters were measured for 41 d. Treatments were replicated nine times, and blocking was done according to initial BW. For experiment 2, 720 post-weaning piglets (n = 720; 28 d of age; BW = 6.84 ± 1.07 kg) from three consecutive breeding batches were fed with either DL-Met, OH-Met, or OH-Met-Ca at or above (100% or 125%) TSAA requirements of FEDNA. Performance parameters and oxidative status through various plasma indicators were measured. Treatments were replicated 12 times. Data from both experiments were analyzed separately using a mixed effect model with Met source and level as fixed effects (and their interaction in experiment 2) and blocks and batch as random effects for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In experiment 1, piglets fed 80% of TSAA requirement showed the least average daily weight gain, while those fed OH-Met-Ca at 100% or DL-Met at 125% requirement had the greatest BW gain among the treatments (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Feed conversion ratio was best for piglets fed with OH-Met-Ca at 100% requirement, while animals fed with 80% requirement were the least efficient (P = 0.04). Contrasts showed no differences between Met sources (P ≥ 0.51) and level of TSAA (P ≥ 0.56) for any of the parameters. Meanwhile in experiment 2, there were no interactions between Met source and TSAA level (P &amp;gt; 0.10). The Met source did not affect any parameter (P ≥ 0.14). However, there was a significant decrease in daily feed intake when piglets were fed above requirements (P = 0.02), and a significant increase in the concentration of plasma glutathione peroxidase when piglets were fed at TSAA requirements (P &amp;lt; 0.05). These results suggest that post-weaning piglet performance and oxidative status can be sustained regardless of the Met source tested. Feeding healthy and unchallenged piglets with excess dietary Met may not bring extra benefits.

Emergency laparotomy and endoscopic gastrostomy in patients on extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.

An infrequent yet known complication of ECMO is abdominal compartment syndrome requiring emergency laparotomy. Also, the need for prolonged enteral nutrition while on ECMO may require endoscopic gastrostomy to maintain adequate nutritional status. Here we describe our experience with emergency laparotomy and endoscopic gastrostomy in patients on ECMO support. We retrieved patient histories from our clinical archives and performed a retrospective description of all patients taken to an emergency laparotomy or endoscopic gastrostomy while on ECMO support at our cardiovascular referral center from July 2019 through June 2024. During the research period of 5years a total of 401 patients were placed on ECMO support for either cardiogenic shock or respiratory failure. A total of 27 (7%) patients required an abdominal intervention while on ECMO. 14 (3.5%) patients required emergency laparotomy and 13 (3.2%) of patients required endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. Overall 30-day mortality of all patients requiring a general surgery procedure while on ECMO support was 33%. ECMO support can result in many complications despite its many benefits. Patients who require emergency laparotomy while on ECMO have lower survival-to-discharge and higher mortality at 30days. Endoscopic gastrostomy however, can be safely performed on ECMO with little to no bleeding complications despite anticoagulation.

Use of hydroponic fertilizers in growth media for Chlorella vulgaris for producing affordable protein in developing countries

ABSTRACT Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta) stands out as a promising microalga for single-cell protein production, particularly due to its potential to address the need for affordable nutrition in less-developed regions. Given this context, the quest for more economic fertilization methods is essential. Among the viable alternatives, hydroponic fertilizer (HF) emerges as a widely available option, particularly in regions such as Indonesia. Typically, HF is supplied in two distinct forms, powdered Mix-A and Mix-B, to prepare the stock solutions. This study investigates the impact of varying concentrations and stock solution ratios on both the growth rate and biomass yield of C. vulgaris. Additionally, an economic analysis of cultivation activities is conducted, with a specific focus on comparing the feasibility of utilizing hydroponic fertilizer against conventional methods. The findings reveal that specific ratios and concentrations of the tested growth media outperform standard media in promoting the growth rate and biomass yield of cultivated C. vulgaris. Furthermore, the economic analysis assesses two primary cost components: fertilizer and energy. All tested hydroponic media offered a more cost-effective cultivation solution compared to conventional methods, primarily attributed to the lower cost of the hydroponic fertilizers.

Congenital Diarrhoeas and Enteropathies.

Congenital diarrhoeas and enteropathies (CODE) are a heterogeneous group of disorders. Many affected infants present with catastrophic dehydration in the first few days of life, although the clinical phenotype is variable. Advances in the understanding of underlying pathomechanisms and genetic testing, as well as improved management, in particular intravenous nutrition support, have allowed affected patients to survive well beyond childhood. Awareness and understanding of these rare diseases are hence needed, both amongst paediatricians and adult physicians. In this review, we discuss the different groups of disorders based on a review of the current literature and provide a diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Many of the subtypes of CODE result in the need for prolonged or indefinite parenteral nutrition. Further research is needed to identify new CODE to improve the recognition and management of these children, which can assist in developing new targeted therapies and potentially a long-term cure.

Honeybee Nutrition: Physiological and Ecological Insights

Bees play a vital role in global agriculture through their pollination services; however, their populations have declined over the past three decades due to various stress, including nutritional deficits stemming from habitat loss and alteration. ​This review emphasizes the critical need for understanding bee nutrition, which is essential for overcoming these declines.​ With their evolutionary background alongside flowering plants, bees have adapted to a herbivorous diet primarily consisting of floral nectar and pollen. Nectar provides the energy necessary for flight and other metabolic processes, while pollen supplies essential proteins, fats and micronutrients. Foraging behaviors vary among bee species and are influenced by environmental factors and the genetic composition of the colony. Honey bees exhibit complex social structures where worker bees gather nectar, pollen and water, each contributing to the nutritional needs of the colony. The transformation of collected nectar into honey and pollen into bee bread illustrates bees unique food storage strategies, providing vital nutrition to larvae and adult workers. Additionally, understanding the nutritional processes involved in larval development and royal jelly production sheds light on caste differentiation and overall colony health. This comprehensive view on bee nutrition underscores its significance for future conservation strategies.

Nutrition and Physical Activity Education in Medical School: A Narrative Review.

This review explores the diverse landscape of integrating nutrition and physical activity education into medical school curricula, focusing on the imperative role of physicians in promoting health through lifestyle changes. By examining global medical education structures, we uncovered disparities in nutrition and physical activity training, and highlighted the need for a shared framework to address international and regional challenges. Despite acknowledging the importance of both nutrition and physical activity, studies have consistently uncovered deficiencies in medical school curricula, especially in skills related to providing lifestyle advice and behavioral counseling. Survey studies among medical students have illuminated various perceptions and knowledge gaps, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive and mandatory nutrition and physical activity training. While acknowledging progress, challenges, such as time constraints, resource availability, and faculty expertise, persist. Integrating lifestyle education results in resistance, a demand for strategic communication, and faculty buy-ins. These findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach that balances theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and confidence that medical students need to promote effective nutrition and physical activity in healthcare.

ANÁLISE DAS PRÁTICAS DE ALIMENTAÇÃO EM RECÉM-NASCIDOS ADMITIDOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL DE UMA MATERNIDADE DE REFERÊNCIA

Introduction: The nutritional need is high in the newborn (NB), especially in premature infants, and the supply of nutrients is an important factor for survival, as a result of the growth rate. The nutritional therapy used (parenteral and/or enteral) varies according to the gestational age and the follow-up becomes fundamental in the evolution, because the early detection of nutritional insufficiencies allows an adequate intervention. Objective: to analyze feeding practices in newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, based on the identification of the day of life on which the enteral diet was started, the beginning and the time of use of parenteral nutrition, in addition to describing the exclusive breastfeeding rate at hospital discharge and nutritional status at admission and discharge. Methodology: This is a descriptive, retrospective study, carried out in a Reference Maternity Hospital in the State of Piauí through the analysis of medical records and Quali-Neo records of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the aforementioned maternity hospital during the period from January to December 2020. Results: 161 forms were evaluated, with a predominance of male newborns (60.87%), mean birth weight at admission of 1,711g and at discharge of 2,213g, mean Gestational Age of 32 weeks. Enteral diet was started, on average, on the fifth day of life, the most common was Breast Milk and/or Colostrum. Conclusion: The newborns received an early and adequate enteral diet, presenting weight gain during the period of hospitalization comparable to others hospitals, with human milk being the main caloric supply.

Project DINE: Addressing Disparities in Nutrition and Maternal Mortality and Morbidity through Nutrition and Father Engagement

Abstract: This study assessed the outcomes of an intervention (Project DINE) that added nutrition and breastfeeding education to Healthy Start programs in Georgia for a sample of Black expecting parents. Using a community-based participatory approach and a 2 × 2 randomized cluster factorial design, three of six Healthy Start sites were intervention sites. Participants completed the Adult Food and Physical Activity Behavior Questionnaire and a breastfeeding education survey pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests determined that there was an improvement in overall self-reported diet quality among the expecting couples (n=61; p = .025). Breastfeeding survey data showed that the percentage of correct answers increased from 78% to 84% (n=89; p=.0009) for all participants. Qualitative data were also collected through open-ended responses on the breastfeeding post-test (n=66) and focus groups with fathers (n=10). This project demonstrates the need for nutrition and breastfeeding education for both expecting parents during pregnancy to improve maternal health.

Impact of early palliative care intervention in autologous bone marrow transplantation: feasibility of a multicentric study

IntroductionThis prospective multicentre study evaluates the impact of Palliative Care Unit (PCU) intervention (Experimental Group, EG), during autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) on quality of life (QoL), symptom control and healthcare resource use compared to standard practice (Control Group, CG). We used validated scales on Days 0 (stem cell infusion), + 7 (bone marrow aplasia, acute symptoms) and + 21 (aplasia recovery).ResultsIn 40 patients (20 EG/ 20 CG: 45%/25% female, median age 57.5/59), QoL differed significantly at Day + 7 (EG: median 0.50; CG: -63.00; p < 0.001) and Day + 21 (EG: -2.00; CG: -129.00; p < 0.001). On Day 0, mean FACT-BMT scores were CG/EG: 131/ 89.35, reflecting the pre-transplant intervention of the PCU in EG patients. For pain (EG median 0.00, CG median 2.50; p = 0.01), 45% EG patients used opioids on day 0 (mean 38.5 mg morphine/day/patient). Reduced pain control impacted nutritional support (parenteral nutrition 45% CG, 5% EG; p = 0.08). Hospitalisation duration was longer in CG (median 18.5; EG median 13.00; p < 0.001). Despite the short follow-up and small sample size, PCU and HD collaboration improves QoL and symptom management during acute AHSCT, evident through pain control, analgesia management, reduced parenteral nutrition need and shorter hospital stays.

MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN: PENGARUH BUDAYA PANTANGAN MAKANAN PADA IBU MENYUSUI TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING DI MASYARAKAT

The culture of food taboos for breastfeeding mothers is still strong in society and limits nutritional intake for breastfeeding mothers, which causes nutritional deficiencies in babies and toddlers. This is the basis for the Stikes Yarsi Mataram Service Team to carry out community service in the form of health education. This activity aims to increase public knowledge regarding the importance of meeting nutritional needs of breastfeeding mothers as a measure to prevent stunting in toddlers. The methods applied include the development of counseling materials, program socialization, small group counseling, and individual counseling and evaluation. The results showed a significant increase from 16.7% to 66.7% of breastfeeding mothers' knowledge in the good category. There is an increase in public knowledge about the importance of nutritional intake and the negative impact of the culture of food taboos, as well as behavioural changes in nutrition and balanced nutrition for breastfeeding mothers. The importance of understanding the need for balanced nutrition for breastfeeding mothers in preventing stunting is a shared responsibility in realising a healthy and strong generation of the nation.

Regular Consumption of Iron Tablets With Anemia in Pregnant Mothers

Pregnant mothers are one of the groups vulnerable to malnutrition, as there is an increased nutritional need to meet the needs of the mother and the conceived fetus. During pregnancy, the benefits of taking iron tablets or Fe regularly can increase Hb levels so that pregnant mothers do not subsequently have anaemia and can prevent the occurrence of bleeding at the time of delivery, but there are still many pregnant women who are irregular in taking iron pills up to at least 90 tablets. Objective: This study aims to find out the link between regular consumption of iron tablets and the incidence of anaemia in pregnant women in the village of Margorejo. Methods: The type of surveillance used is analytical observational with a Crosectional approach. The population in this study is a pregnant woman of the third trimester in the village of Margorejo. The sample was taken using a saturated sampling method of 30 respondents. The data analysis used is a know-control correlation test. Results: Research results show that the correlation value is 0.541 and the p-value is 0.015 with a significant value of α 0.05. Conclusion: there is a link between regular consumption of iron tablets and anaemia in pregnant mothers

A Novel “Well Baby Clinic Service” Mobile Application: User Requirement Assessment and App Development

Abstract Background Utilization of under 5 year old child health care services in Egypt is considered low, the highest proportion of well-baby visits is mainly for immunization in the first two years of age. Parents may rely upon the internet and mobile applications (apps) for support in handling day to day parenting situations. mHealth (Mobile Health) interventions have the potential to be a useful and low-cost way to disseminate information about proper nutrition, can be used to monitor children’s growth using the official charts of World Health Organization, also can help in accessing vaccine-related information and recommended immunization schedules. Objectives To assess needs and requirements for a new comprehensive well-baby clinic mobile app. Also, to develop a mobile app prototype covering all well baby clinic service components which are: Physical growth, Developmental milestones, Immunizations, Nutrition and Safety &amp; emergency measures. Methods This work is done over two phases. In Exploratory phase, we assessed the need for the new app by performing bibliographic review of previous mHealth interventions in child-care field, market search of the available related apps and an online survey to assess the need and expectations of the new app. In preparatory phase, we developed the novel well baby clinic app that constituted all well baby clinic services for children’s health monitoring which are: Physical growth, Developmental milestones, Immunizations, Nutrition and Safety &amp; emergency measures relying on evidence-based information and honoring data safety. Results 13 Arabic apps were downloaded and extracted for review. All of these apps (100%∼13/13) were in the form of written articles that offered no interactive features for parents. All offered general health education not tailored according to the status of the child. None of them were developed by a university or a certified health organization. Almost all of them (92.3%∼12/13) were commercial apps as they included ads. Our online survey on 374 mothers showed that almost all of them (97.5%) reported the need of a new app to regularly follow their children’s health. They also reported the need of nutrition, developmental milestones and physical growth services in the app. We developed “Sehhat Tefly” app constituting caregiver information, child sociodemographic characteristics and the 6 previously mentioned services, it also included health education videos and a conclusive report section. Conclusion After vigorous review of literature, market search and user requirement assessment, apps reviewed didn’t provide any comprehensive approach to well-baby clinic services on a scientific basis. Upon market requirement for child m-health, we developed “Sehhat Tefly” app. The full potential of this app is yet to be defined. Further studies are needed to assess accessibility and usability of the app and to explore difficulties and barriers faced by users in different services.

Editorial

Dear Readers, What a wonderful season with rains in between hot weather. Seasonal fruits are in abundance and the need for multivitamins and nutrition is met for all age groups. Here, I am happy to present an issue on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the need for Integrity, ethics, values, and other moral and technical capacities to take maximum advantage of AI.

Analisis Pengaruh Status Gizi Terhadap Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMA Hangtuah Kota Tarakan

Anemia is still a global issue in adolescent girls. Adolescent girls have the privilege that every month experience menstruation. Adequate nutrition is needed to optimize growth and development. Nutritional status is a risk factor for anemia. Energy and protein needs in adolescents increase due to growth support. Moreover, the activity of adolescents also increases, so they need food that contains good nutrition. This study aims to determine the influence of nutritional status on the incidence of anemia in young women. This was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. There were 30 young women involved in this study according to the inclusion criteria. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Three stages of data collection were anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests, and questionnaires. Data analysis used chi-square. That 63.3% of adolescent girls experienced anemia. Adolescents with anemia had normal nutritional status (36.7%), underweight (23.3%), severely underweight (10%), and obese (3.3%), but adolescents are still affected by anemia. Based on the results of statistical tests, there was an effect of nutritional status on the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. The need for good nutrition is needed at this time. The need for good nutrition is very needed at this time. Efforts to provide blood booster tablets and dissemination of information about balanced nutrition and iron-containing foods are also urgently needed.

Levels Of Nutritional Adequacy And Bioavailability Of Iron With The Incident Of Anemia In Pregnant Women In Gorontalo City

The level of adequate nutrition and iron availability in pregnant women can cause anemia, and inadequate food intake during pregnancy can affect Hb levels. The research formulation is about the incidence of anemia in pregnant women and whether there is a relationship between the level of adequate nutrition of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, and bioavailability and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. This research aims to analyze the level of adequacy and bioavailability of iron with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. This type of observational research uses a cross-sectional design. This research was carried out at 10 Community Health Centers in Gorontalo City. The sample in this study consisted of 165 pregnant women using cluster random sampling techniques with bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis using the multinominal logistic regression test. The results of data analysis on the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women were 52.7%. The relationship between the level of nutritional adequacy and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women is energy ( P value = 0.029 ≤ α = 0.05), protein (P value = 0.045 ≤ α = 0.05), vitamin A ( P value = 0.108 ≥ α = 0 .05), vitamin C ( P value = 0.003 ≤ α = 0.05), Iron ( P value = 0.004 ≤ α = 0.05), bioavailability ( P value = 0.016 ≤ α = 0.05). There is a relationship between adequate levels of the nutrients energy, protein, vitamin C, iron, and iron bioavailability with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, and there is no relationship between adequate levels of the nutrient vitamin A and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Pregnant women increase their need for good nutrition during pregnancy to prevent anemia.

Impact of climatic changes on fish biodiversity and their conservation (India)

India, having numerous rivers, is enriched with varieties of flora and fauna in and around it. The total catchment area of the river basin is about 2.5 lakh km2 or 81% of the total geographical area of India. All over India, there are remarkably diverse ranges of aquatic life. 950 freshwater and 1570 marine fish species, a total of 2500, are found which occupies 1.5% of the world's total fish species. Fish is full of nutrition and a prime source of aquatic food. But in this fast-developing urbanization era: anthropogenic activities, industrialization, population, elevated air temperature, global warming, drought, flood, pollution, and monsoonal ups and downs equally put pressure on the climate, ecosystem, society, and economy, increasing pressure on all livelihoods and food supplies, including those in the fisheries and aquaculture sector. The actual properties of climates are being changed very rapidly. Fish availability in the monsoonal season is more than in the summer season. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the present status of fish biodiversity of river Gandak and the significant role of climate change on them. The study was conducted from January 2022 to August 2022 in Gandak river. Overall, 25 individuals of fishes were recorded and characterized which belonging to 12 families, Cyprinidae (32%) was most abundant, followed by Channidae (12%), then Bagridae, Siluridae, Cobitidae, Ambassidae with 8%; Notopteradae, Heteropneustidae, Claridae, Belontidae, Belonidae, Nandidae occupied only 4%. families. Aspidoporia morar and Puntius species, Labeo calbasu and Labeo bata were in good quality while Labeo rohita and Catla catla were not found in good amounts. A good number of ornamental fishes were also recorded. But after these surveys, it was seen that there was a significant decline in their population that also affect other depending organisms along with local fishermen directly or indirectly. So, the need of the hour is conservation which involves restoration of habitat, cleaning of rivers, sewage treated water, mass awareness program to people for water conservation, sustainable use of river water and its resources and these will help the fishermen in livelihood and earning along with the nutritional need of the society.