Nutritional Improvement Research Articles

Factors Related to Stunting Incidence in Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months in the Working Area of Kambang Community Health Center, Pesisir Selatan District

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p align="center"><em>Stunting is a major nutritional problem in Indonesia, even in the world particularly in developing countries. The purpose of the study was to find out the factors related to stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months in the Pesisir Selatan District. This study is an analytical survey study with cross sectional design. This research will be conducted in the Kambang Health Center, Lengayang District, in July 2022–January 2023. The population in this study was all mothers who had toddlers aged 24-59 months who were in the Kambang Community Health Center working area in 2021 which numbered 1081 toddlers. Sample used in this study is 180 samples. The sampling technique used in this study is proportional stratified random sampling. Data collection tool using questionnaires. Analysis of the data in this study using Chi-Square test and use multiple logistical regression tests. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the age of the mother during pregnancy (p-value = 0.040), there was a relationship between the nutritional status of the mother (p-value = 0.003), there was a relationship between parity (p-value=0.034), there is a relationship between psychosocial parenting (p-value = 0.000), there is a relationship between environmental sanitation (p-value=0.000), there is no significant relationship between low birth weight (p-value = 0.071), there is a significant relationship between birth length (p-value = 0.016). Environmental sanitation is the most dominant factor in causing stunting. Environmental sanitation has a 6,512 times chance of causing stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months in the working area of the Kambang Community Health Center, Pesisir Selatan District. It is recommended for health workers to provide supplements or supplements for pregnant women and toddlers for nutritional improvement and to educate them on nutritional knowledge.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em><br /></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong> <strong><em>Stunting, Mother Factors, Child Factors</em></strong>

Reduction of bioavailability and phytotoxicity effect of cadmium in soil by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation using metabolites of ureolytic bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. POC9.

The application of ureolytic bacteria for bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), allows for the efficient immobilization of heavy metals by precipitation or coprecipitation with carbonates. Microbially-induced carbonate precipitation process may be useful also in the case of the cultivation of crop plants in various agricultural soils with trace but legally permissible Cd concentrations, which may be still uptaken by plants. This study aimed to investigate the influence of soil supplementation with metabolites containing carbonates (MCC) produced by the ureolytic bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. POC9 on the Cd mobility in the soil as well as on the Cd uptake efficiency and general condition of crop plants (Petroselinum crispum). In the frame of the conducted studies (i) carbonate productivity of the POC9 strain, (ii) the efficiency of Cd immobilization in soil supplemented with MCC, (iii) crystallization of cadmium carbonate in the soil enriched with MCC, (iv) the effect of MCC on the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil, and (v) the effect of changes in soil properties on the morphology, growth rate, and Cd-uptake efficiency of crop plants were investigated. The experiments were conducted in soil contaminated with a low concentration of Cd to simulate the natural environmental conditions. Soil supplementation with MCC significantly reduced the bioavailability of Cd in soil with regard to control variants by about 27-65% (depending on the volume of MCC) and reduced the Cd uptake by plants by about 86% and 74% in shoots and roots, respectively. Furthermore, due to the decrease in soil toxicity and improvement of soil nutrition with other metabolites produced during the urea degradation (MCC), some microbiological properties of soil (quantity and activity of soil microorganisms), as well as the general condition of plants, were also significantly improved. Soil supplementation with MCC enabled efficient Cd stabilization and significantly reduced its toxicity for soil microbiota and plants. Thus, MCC produced by POC9 strain may be used not only as an effective Cd immobilizer in soil but also as a microbe and plant stimulators.

Saffron Floral By-Products as Novel Sustainable Vegan Ingredients for the Functional and Nutritional Improvement of Traditional Wheat and Spelt Breads.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a traditional Mediterranean plant whose stigmas are used to obtain the most expensive spice in the world. Nevertheless, there is a lack of sustainability in its production, since, to produce 1 kg of saffron, about 350 kg of tepals are discarded. Therefore, this study aimed to develop wheat and spelt breads enriched with saffron floral by-products at a ratio of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% (w/w), respectively, and to evaluate their nutritional, physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties, as well as the stability of antioxidant compounds during the in vitro digestion. The results revealed that the addition of saffron floral by-products, especially at 10%, increased the dietary fiber content by 25-30% of traditional wheat and spelt breads; improved their mineral content (270-290 mg/100 g for K, 90-95 mg/100 g for Ca, 40-50 mg/100 g for Mg, and 15-18 mg/100 g for Fe); changed their textural properties; and significantly enhanced the phenolic content and antioxidant ability (at 5 and 10%), which remained stable throughout the in vitro oral and gastrointestinal digestion processes. From a sensory point of view, the addition of saffron flowers modified the organoleptic properties of breads. Thus, these novel vegan enriched breads could exert beneficial effects on human health after their intake, making saffron floral by-products suitable and sustainable ingredients to develop new functional foods such as healthier alternative vegan bakery products.

Preventive measures against risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the prison environment: an integrative review

Objective: to analyze preventive measures against risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the prison environment. Methods: integrative review carried out in the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, and SciELO. The descriptors and keywords used, combined with the Boolean operators OR and AND were: prisons, prisoners, health promotion, health education, cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases and heart. We included articles in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, that addressed preventive measures against the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the prison environment, with no specific time frame. Results: the final sample included seven articles. Preventive measures found were related with exercising, nutritional improvement, weight control, smoking cessation, stress control, and laboratory follow up, focusing specially in physical activities and nutritional improvement. Conclusion: identifying preventive measures can aid in the development of health promotion actions for the population deprived of freedom. Nonetheless, more studies on the topic are required. Contributions to practice: understanding the preventive measures against risk factors for cardiovascular diseases used in the prison environment can give support to the developing of health promotion interventions.

Government Budget for Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture in Nigeria Increased Following Development of Related Strategy.

Financial resources that are commensurate with the magnitude of malnutrition problem are requisite for effective interventions to reduce malnutrition. Understanding the amount and nature of sectoral investments in nutrition is important for advocating and mobilizing increased government budgetary allocations and release. This study assessed trends in Nigeria's agriculture sector nutrition allocations and whether launch of nutrition-sensitive agriculture strategy and/or the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected these nutrition allocations. Agricultural budgets from 2009 to 2022 of Nigeria's federal government were analyzed. Nutrition-related budget lines were identified using a keyword search and were then classified as nutrition-specific, nutrition-sensitive, or potentially nutrition-sensitive, based on defined criteria. Potentially nutrition-sensitive items were further screened. Budget lines finally included as nutrition allocations directly targeted improvements in nutrition or intermediate outcomes in pathways between agriculture and nutrition. Budget lines were summed, and these nominal values were adjusted for inflation (using the consumer price index for each year) to obtain real values. Nutrition allocations in the agriculture budget increased considerably even after adjusting for inflation and went from 0.13% of agriculture capital budget in 2009 to 2.97% in 2022; while the real value of total government agricultural budget declined. Large budgetary increases coincided with the development/launch of costed strategies with nutrition-sensitive agriculture components. Still, there were some missed opportunities to increase nutrition allocations. Existence of nutrition-sensitive agriculture strategies has facilitated increased nutrition funding and improved the enabling environment. There is need to optimize existing nutrition allocations while advocating for additional funds.

#4958 IMPROVEMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AFTER PARATHYROIDECTOMY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS

Abstract Background and Aims Improvement in quality of life and survival have been reported after parathyroidectomy in patients with end-stage kidney disease. In addition to bone loss, protein-energy wasting has also been linked to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. The present study examined the changes of nutritional parameters after parathyroidectomy in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis compared non-parathyroidectomized patients. Method One hundred eighty-seven hemodialysis patients who underwent parathyroidectomy during 2012–2018 were identified (PTX group) and matched 1:1 to 479 patients with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels ≤1000 pg/mL (non-PTX control group) and 187 patients with PTH levels >1000 pg/mL (pre-PTX control group) by propensity score. The matchings yielded 120 matched pairs from PTX and non-PTX groups (cohort 1) and 76 matched pairs from PTX and pre-PTX groups (cohort 2). Baseline and follow-up nutritional data were compared over the 12-month study period. Results In cohort 1, substantially lower serum albumin and creatinine/body surface area (Cr/BSA) and higher proportions of patients with serum albumin ≤38 g/L (low serum albumin) and Cr/BSA ≤380 μmol/L/m2 (low serum Cr/BSA) were observed in the PTX group. These parameters and the percentage of patients with total lymphocyte count <800 cells/mm3 (low TLC) improved substantially after parathyroidectomy. At follow-up, serum albumin, Cr/BSA and proportions of patients with low serum albumin and Cr/BSA became comparable to the non-PTX control group. The percentage of patients with low TLC was also lower at follow-up in the PTX group. Mixed-models analysis confirmed significant differences in the changes of serum albumin, Cr/BSA, proportions of patients with low serum albumin and TLC between the two groups. In cohort 2, there was no significant difference in baseline nutritional parameters. At follow-up, serum Cr/BSA was higher and proportions of patients with body mass index (BMI) ≤18.5 kg/m2, low TLC and low Cr/BSA were lower in the PTX group. Weight gain was more frequent and of greater magnitude in the PTX group in both cohorts. Higher baseline PTH level, parathyroidectomy and lower baseline serum albumin and creatinine were significantly associated with ≥10% increase in the BMI. Conclusion Parathyroidectomy was associated with nutritional improvement in maintenance hemodialysis patients with severe hyperparathyroidism.

Reassessing Resettlement-Associated Poverty Induced by Water Conservancy Projects in China: Case Study of the “Yangtze to Huai River Inter-Basin” Water Diversion Project

The displacement and resettlement-associated poverty caused by water conservancy projects (WCP) is a worldwide issue. Re-settlers are often impoverished for extended periods due to loss, difficult re-establishment, and insufficient compensation. Addressing poverty has become a worldwide concern, and accurate measurements of poverty remain a fundamental issue. Before 2020, the Chinese government used the absolute income method to measure re-settler poverty. However, this method reflected neither the overall income gap nor potential benefits of social development and poverty alleviation policies. Therefore, we used the relative income and multidimensional methods alongside the absolute income poverty method to measure the poverty in recently resettled households. Based on survey data from over resettled 1000 households we conclude that: (1) The remaining poor measured by the absolute poverty line were mainly caused by serious diseases, disabilities and loss of labor ability, which means they have no ability to be lifted out of poverty except through the bottom line of local governments. As a result, the absolute poverty line loses its distinction to poverty. (2) Rural re-settlers were more resilient to forced majeure because land guarantees employment and food supply, allowing households to avoid secondary livelihood destruction. (3) Income derived measurement of re-settler poverty masks the benefits of poverty alleviation and other socioeconomic aid programs. A few households showed improvements in child school attendance, child mortality, nutrition, cooking fuel, asset ownership, and social insurance following resettlement. (4) To reduce the multidimensional gap, government aid programs should focus on years of schooling (including training), nutrition, household savings, and household labor force rather than simply providing monetary assistance. At the same time, we suggest that the government adopt a variety of compensation methods, such as: sharing the benefits of water conservancy projects, industrial support and improving the bottom line guarantee.

Association of poor oral health with increased incidence of dysphagia and impaired improvement in nutritional status among patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study.

This study aimed to clarify the association between oral health and the incidence of dysphagia as well as the recovery of nutritional status and improvement of dysphagia in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure. Hospitalized patients with AHF were prospectively enrolled. Oral health was evaluated using the Japanese Version of the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT-J) after circulation dynamics improved (defined as baseline), and participants were classified into good and poor oral health groups (OHAT-J 0-2 and ≧ 3, respectively). The primary outcome measure was the incidence of dysphagia evaluated using the Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) at baseline. Secondary outcome measures were nutritional status and FILS score at discharge. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between oral health and the study outcomes. Of the 203 recruited patients (mean age, 79.5years; 50.7% female), 83 (40.9%) were in the poor oral health group. Participants with poor oral health were significantly older, had lower skeletal muscle mass and strength, lower nutrient intake and nutritional status, worse swallowing status, as well as lower cognitive level, and physical function than those with good oral health. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, baseline poor oral health was significantly associated with the incidence of dysphagia (odds ratio = 1.036, P = 0.020), as well as with the improvement in nutritional status (odds ratio = 0.389, P = 0.046) and dysphagia (odds ratio = 0.199, P = 0.026) at discharge. Poor baseline oral health was associated with the incidence of dysphagia, as well as with the lack of improvement in nutritional status and dysphagia in patients with acute heart failure.

Yingyangbao Reduced Anemia among Infants and Young Children Aged 6-23 Months When Delivered through a Large-Scale Nutrition Improvement Program for Children in Poor Areas in China from 2015 to 2020.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of intervention with Yingyangbao (YYB) on hemoglobin (Hb) and anemia status among infants and young children (IYC) aged 6-23 months (mo) through a large-scale Nutrition Improvement Program for Children in Poor Areas (NIPCPA) in China from 2015 to 2020. Five rounds of cross-sectional surveys were conducted using a stratified and multi-stage probability proportional to size sampling of IYC in 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Multivariable regression analyses were fitted to determine the effectiveness of the YYB intervention on Hb and anemia, respectively. A total of 36,325, 40,027, 43,831, 44,375 and 46,050 IYC aged 6-23 mo were included, and the prevalence of anemia was 29.7%, 26.9%, 24.1%, 21.2% and 18.1% in 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Compared with the results in 2015, the Hb concentrations significantly improved and anemia prevalence significantly decreased among IYC in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 (p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that higher YYB consumption was significantly associated with the increment in Hb concentration and reduction in anemia stratified by age group (p < 0.001). The most significant increment in Hb concentration of 2.189 mg/L and the most significant reduction in odds of anemia were observed among IYC aged 12-17 mo who consumed 270 to 359 sachets of YYB (OR: 0.671; 95% CI: 0.627, 0.719; p < 0.001). This study suggests that YYB intervention is a successful public health strategy for reducing the risk of anemia among IYC when delivered through a large-scale NIPCPA in China. It is necessary to continue to advance the program and increase the adherence of YYB.

EPS6.02 Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor results in substantial improvements in chest CT scores in people with cystic fibrosis aged 12 and above over one year of treatment

Background: Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor (ETI) is associated with improvements in pulmonary function, sweat chloride and nutrition in people with CF (PwCF) and the F508del mutation. As part of RECOVER, a multi-centre post-approval study examining the impact of ETI in PwCF, we sought to establish the impact of one year of ETI on structural lung disease scores by chest CT.

EPS6.06 Impact of 6 months of treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on clinical outcomes in children aged 6–11 with cystic fibrosis – The RECOVER study

Background: The CFTR modulator combination elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) is associated with significant improvements in sweat chloride, nutrition and pulmonary function in people with CF (PwCF) aged 6–11 and the F508del mutation. RECOVER, a multicentre post-approval study, previously demonstrated significant improvements over one year in these and other outcomes in PwCF 12 years and older.

Nutritional Improvement of Fresh Cheese with Microalga Chlorella vulgaris: Impact on Composition, Structure and Sensory Acceptance.

The production of foods fortified with bioactive ingredients has been recognized by food companies as a way to position their products in health food markets. The fortification of cheese represents a major challenge, due to the chemical and structural complexity of the cheese matrix, as well as the complexity of the biochemical reactions occurring during the fermentation and maturation processes. Microalgae are nutritious and sustainable food sources with important bioactive compounds such as proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals. This work aims to study the impact of the 2 and 4 % microalga Chlorella vulgaris addition on the nutritional composition, bioactivity, structure and sensory profile of quark and cream cheese, both probiotic fermented products. Texture profile analysis and fundamental rheology measurements (oscillatory and stationary) were performed to evaluate the impact of C. vulgaris on the mechanical properties of the fresh cheese. The nutritional composition was evaluated using standard methods and bioactivity through the determination of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity.1. C. vulgaris had an impact on the firmness of both cheeses. In general, the cheese with added C. vulgaris had a better nutritional profile, with an increase in protein content, content of Mg, P, S, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn, and better bioactivity with an increase in the antioxidant activity. Sensory testing results were promising, especially for cream cheese. The enrichment of traditional foods such as fresh cheese with microalgae represents an interesting strategy to develop hybrid products (with protein from animal and vegetable sources), obtain innovative and more sustainable products, and improve their nutritional profile in terms of protein and mineral content and bioactivity.

Factors Associated with Knowledge of Third Trimester Pregnant Women About Benefits of Giving Colostrum to Newborns Baby

Colostrum is the first milk that comes out on the first day until the third day after the baby is born. Colostrum is produced from the 16th week of pregnancy (lactogenesis). One way to reduce AKN and IMR is to improve nutrition early in life and can affect quality of life. Community nutrition improvement activities are the percentage of newborns receiving colostrum through early breastfeeding initiation (IMD). The results of a preliminary study conducted on 8 mothers who had babies, obtained 6 mothers who did not know about colostrum and its benefits, and had never given breast milk to their babies for the first time, and the milk was thrown away, because they thought breast milk was stale. Meanwhile, 4 mothers gave the first breast milk to their babies through early initiation of breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the knowledge of third trimester pregnant women about the benefits of colostrum in newborns in Karangraharja village. This type of research is a quantitative survey, and data collection was carried out in a cross sectional manner. The population in this study were all third trimester pregnant women in Karangraharja village. The sample of this research is the total population with a sample of 83 respondents. This primary data was collected by distributing questionnaires. The statistical analysis used is the frequency distribution, chi square and logistic regression. The results showed that 50.6% of respondents had less knowledge about giving colostrum to newborns. Variables that are significantly related are age with pvalue=0.009, education with pvalue=0.014, parity with pvalue=0.035, family support with pvalue=0.031, support for health workers with pvalue=0.037 The dominant variable is Age OR value 3.431 means age ≥ 35 have a 3.4 times chance of having good knowledge about colostrum compared to the age of 20-35 years, it is concluded that age can affect one's comprehension and mindset. The older you are, the more your comprehension and mindset will develop, so that the knowledge gain will improveÂ

Effect of Whole Tomato Powder or Tomato Peel Powder Incorporation on the Color, Nutritional, and Textural Properties of Extruded High Moisture Meat Analogues

Soy protein based high moisture meat analogues (HMMAs) were made by extrusion, with incorporation of 0, 5, 10, and 20% whole tomato powder (WTP) or 10% tomato peel powder (TPP). Their color, nutritional, and textural properties were characterized. Results showed that the color, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and bioaccessible lycopene content in the HMMAs were improved with WTP incorporation. However, too much (20%) WTP incorporation led to unacceptable textural properties. On the other hand, TPP incorporation resulted in a conspicuously soft texture, an unevenly distributed color as well as minimal color and nutritional improvements. Compared with TPP, WTP was more suitable to be incorporated into HMMAs to improve the color and nutritional qualities.

Production of 17 strains of edible mushroom grown on corn stover and its effect on the chemical composition and ruminal in vitro digestibility of the residual substrate.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production (P) (g of fresh mushrooms /bag) and biological efficiency (BE) (g of fresh mushrooms per 100 g of dry substrate) of 17 fungal strains, namely Pleurotus ostreatus Po-IAP, Po-P38, Po-P14, Po-IE202, Po-Sfco, Po-JP, Po-Psma, and Po-POS, Pleurotus djamour Pd-PRO and Pd-UTMR, Pleurotus eryngii Pe-MB and Pe-PQ, Lentinula edodes L15, L9, L5, and LC, and Hericium erinaceus Heri, produced in corn stover (CS) and to assess the content of crude protein (CP), lignin (L), cellulose, hemicellulose, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) of the residual substrate of CS, the so called spent mushroom substrate (SMS), in comparison to the non-inoculated substrate (C). The variables were analyzed as a completely randomized block design using R 4.0.3 software. Means were compared using Tukey's procedure. The Pleurotus spp. strains, compared to Lentinula spp. and Hericium spp., presented better BE and P. In comparison to C, the SMS increased the CP content (p < 0.05) from 10.8% (Po-JP) to 70.3% (LC), while NDF decreased (p < 0.05) from 11.5% (Pd-Pro) to 33.5% (L15) and IVDMD increased (p < 0.05) from 16.2% (Heri) to 47.7% (Pd-UTMR). In conclusion, of the 17 strains evaluated, the 3 strains of Lentinula edodes (L5, L15, and L9), one strain of Pleurotus djamour (Pd-UTMR), and one strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (Po-IAP) generated a SMS that, due to its nutritional improvement and increase in IVDMD, could be used as feed for ruminants. Our results also showed that corn stover is a suitable substrate to produce Pleurotus spp. fruiting bodies, with strain Po-IAP as the best yielding.

Research on agricultural technology gap between China and Africa and its optimization path: based on meta-frontier SBM and fsQCA

Recently, COVID-19 pandemic, locust plague, drought and conflict have seriously affected the development of agriculture in Africa, which make Africa countries difficultly to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 and 2. As the cornerstone of agricultural development, technological progress has made brilliant contributions to achieving food security and nutrition improvement in African countries. And as the largest economic and trade partner of Africa, analyzing the agricultural technology gap between China and African countries and exploring optimal paths also has great significance for achieving SDGs 8 and 9. Therefore, the paper used the Meta-frontier SBM model to measure the agricultural technology gap between China and African countries from 2003 to 2019, and explores sources of the gap. On this basis, 24 African countries were taken as samples to identify multiple paths for narrowing the technology gap between China and Africa with the help of the configuration analysis method of the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results showed that the overall agricultural technology gap between China and Africa was narrowing, which was mainly caused by the reduction of pure technical inefficiency. However, sources of technology gap in African countries with different economic development levels were different. Configuration analysis found that agricultural technology innovation and institutional environment were the key conditional variables to narrow the agricultural technology gap between China and Africa. Five paths had been formed around two key conditional variables, and further summarized into three driving modes: “technology-environment” driving mode, “technology-organization” driving mode and “organization-environment” driving mode. Furthermore, this paper explored the multiple concurrent causality of narrowing the technology gap, which overcomes the deficiency of using regression methods. The paper highlights the importance of enhancing the integration of technical, organizational, and environmental conditions in African countries to collectively advance agricultural scientific and technological progress

Nutritional Improvement of Germinated Riceberry Rice (Oryza sativa) Cultivated with Pleurotus ostreatus Mycelium

Riceberry rice is a whole grain rice variety, which is rich in vitamin E, anthocyanin, phenolic acids, flavonoids, phytosterol antioxidants and fiber. The nutritional of Riceberry rice could be further improved by germination process, with this process the g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rice samples is increased. Furthermore, solid stage fermentation (SSF) of rice and grains with fungi have been employed in the food industry such as rice fermented with Aspergillus oryzae for rice koji production, or soybean fermented with Rhizopus oryzae to produce Tempeh. This fermentation step is not only for the food preservation but also improve the nutritional in foods. In this study, the germination and fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium can improve the nutritional content present in Riceberry rice. The amounts of GABA, anthocyanin, and bioactive substances contained in Riceberry rice (RR), germinated Riceberry rice (GR) and germinated Riceberry rice with P. ostreatus mycelium (MR) were compared. During germination, the g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of RR increased by 71 and 73 % when further fermented with P. ostreatus mycelium. The highest level of GABA was found in the MR (38.58±0.29 mg/100 g) treatment. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach using Liquid Chromatograph Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer; LC-QTOF, revealed an abundance of various amino acids such as valine, alanine, histidine, methionine, L-glutamic acid as well as essential fatty acids such as steric acid and linoleic acid in germinated Riceberry rice with P. ostreatus mycelium samples. The results from this study could lead to nutritional improvement of Riceberry rice through fermentation with P. ostreatus mycelium, which could be applied in further rice flour applications and the product could be recognized as functional food. HIGHLIGHTS The GABA content in Riceberry rice increased by 71 % during germination and 73 % when germinated Riceberry rice was further fermented with ostreatus mycelium Amino acids, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds differed significantly among Riceberry rice (RR), germinated Riceberry rice (GR) and germinated Riceberry rice with ostreatus mycelium (MR) Contents of different amino acids in Riceberry rice were significantly increased when the germinated Riceberry rice was fermented with ostreatus mycelium Essential fatty acids such as Stearic acid and Linoleic acid were the highest in the germinated Riceberry rice with ostreatus mycelium sample GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Widely Targeted Volatilomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal the Metabolic Composition and Diversity of Zingiberaceae Plants.

Zingiberaceae plants are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries; however, research on the chemical composition and interspecific differences in the metabolome and volatilome of Zingiberaceae plants is still limited. In this study, seven species of Zingiberaceae plants were selected, including Curcuma longa L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., Alpinia officinarum Hance, Alpinia tonkinensis Gagnep, Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie, Alpinia hainanensis K. Schum. and Amomum villosum Lour. Myristica fragrans Houtt. was also selected due to its flavor being similar to that of the Zingiberaceae plant. The metabolome and volatilome of selected plants were profiled by widely targeted approaches; 542 volatiles and 738 non-volatile metabolites were detected, and β-myrcene, α-phellandrene and α-cadinene were detected in all the selected plants, while chamigren, thymol, perilla, acetocinnamone and cis-α-bisabolene were exclusively detected in certain Zingiberaceae plants. Differential analysis showed that some terpenoids, such as cadalene, cadalene-1,3,5-triene, cadalene-1,3,8-triene and (E)-β-farnesene, and some lipids, including palmitic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid were amongst the most varied compounds in Zingiberaceae plants. In conclusion, this study provided comprehensive metabolome and volatilome profiles for Zingiberaceae plants and revealed the metabolic differences between these plants. The results of this study could be used as a guide for the nutrition and flavor improvement of Zingiberaceae plants.

Nutritional Improvements of Sourdough Breads Made with Freeze-Dried Functional Adjuncts Based on Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum and Pomegranate Juice.

New types of sourdough breads are proposed, made with freeze-dried sourdough adjuncts based on: (i) Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum ATCC 14917, a potential probiotic (LP) alone or (ii) with the addition of unfermented pomegranate juice (LPPO) and (iii) pomegranate juice fermented by the same strain (POLP). Physicochemical, microbiological, and nutritional characteristics (in vitro antioxidant capacity, AC, total phenolics, TPC, and phytate content) of the breads were evaluated and compared with commercial sourdough bread. All adjuncts performed well; the best results being those obtained by POLP. Specifically, the highest acidity (9.95 mL of 0.1 M NaOH) and organic acid content (3.02 and 0.95 g/kg, lactic and acetic acid, respectively) as well as better resistance to mold and rope spoilage (12 and 13 days, respectively) were observed for POLP3 bread (sourdough with 6% POLP). Significant nutritional improvements were observed by all adjuncts, in terms of TPC, AC, and phytate reduction (103 mg gallic acid/100 g, 232 mg Trolox/100 g, and 90.2%, respectively, for POLP3). In all cases, the higher the amount of adjunct, the better the results. Finally, the good sensory properties of the products indicate the suitability of the proposed adjuncts for sourdough breadmaking, while their application in freeze-dried, powdered form can facilitate commercial application.

Yingyangbao Intervention Was Associated with the Improvement of Body Growth and Nutrition Status of Infants and Young Children in Poor Rural Areas of China: The Annual Comparison from 2012 to 2020.

Yingyangbao (YYB) is a soy-based micronutrient-fortified powder used in the Nutrition Improvement Project on Children in Poor Areas of China. After the baseline study in 2012, YYB intervention gradually spread to 21 provinces in China. From 2015 to 2020, a secular trend study was carried out to evaluate the body growth and nutritional status of 6-23-month-old infants and young children (IYC) under YYB intervention. The aim of this research was to investigate whether YYB intervention was associated with the improvement of body growth and development in large populations from broad areas with national and multi-year survey results. The anthropometric data collected in the baseline study and cross-sectional surveys were compared, and the correlation between YYB intake amount and body growth were analyzed. Compared with the results of the baseline study, the 6-23-month-old IYC under YYB intervention showed a significant increase in body weight, body length and Z scores since 2015, and the stunting rate decreased from 9.7% in 2012 to 5.3% in 2020. Significantly positive correlations were observed between the YYB intake amount and the body growth indicators. Therefore, YYB intervention was associated with the improvement of body growth and nutrition status of Chinese IYC. In the future, long-term and continuous efforts are still needed to further reveal the health benefits of YYB in depth.