Effects Of Nutrition Research Articles

PSVI-17 Effects of maternal nutrition during gestation on second parity F2 offspring growth and organ weights

PSVI-17 Effects of maternal nutrition during gestation on second parity F2 offspring growth and organ weights

The Hypothetic Nutrient Constraint to Continuously Maintain as Gradient from Gastrula to Postnatal Development: An Important Mechanism for Recapitulation

It was suggested by Cai a theory that the nutrient gradient differentiate the cellular living states to form the three germ layers of animal embryonic gastrula differential developing to three different subsequent fates, with the endoderm manifesting cellular living states in nutritious condition and forming the epithelium of digestive and respiratory system; the ectoderm manifesting cellular living states of nutrient dependence and environmental effects, and giving rise to the nervous and epithelial tissues; the mesoderm lying between them and forming the muscle and adipose. In parallel, it was also complied with the regulation of nutrients on various cultured stem cells. In this article, to account for these phenomena, it is extended this theory and suggested that there be a constraint maintaining such nutrient gradient from gastrula to postnatal development continuously, due to the animals necessarily to deal with the nutritional transport and environmental effects being the same across all developmental stages after gastrula, for most animals before the appearance of rigid eggshell in evolution. It is the nutrient constraint forming gradient at gastrula that coordinates the development of all animals into fixed nutrient gradient as the most primitive animal of gastrula, recapitulating the developmental program at gastrula. In contrast, it is unnecessary for all animals universally to deal with nutritional transport before gastrula, generating evolutionary diversity in early embryonic stages before gastrula, as well as violations to Haeckel’s recapitulation.

Transplanting network pharmacology technology into food science research: A comprehensive review on uncovering food-sourced functional factors and their health benefits.

Network pharmacology is an emerging interdisciplinary research method. The application of network pharmacology to reveal the nutritional effects and mechanisms of active ingredients in food is of great significance in promoting the development of functional food, facilitating personalized nutrition, and exploring the mechanisms of food health effects. This article systematically reviews the application of network pharmacology in the field of food science using a literature review method. The application progress of network pharmacology in food science is discussed, and the mechanisms of functional factors in food on the basis of network pharmacology are explored. Additionally, the limitations and challenges of network pharmacology are discussed, and future directions and application prospects are proposed. Network pharmacology serves as an important tool to reveal the mechanisms of action and health benefits of functional factors in food. It helps to conduct in-depth research on the biological activities of individual ingredients, composite foods, and compounds in food, and assessment of the potential health effects of food components. Moreover, it can help to control and enhance their functionality through relevant information during the production and processing of samples to guarantee food safety. The application of network pharmacology in exploring the mechanisms of functional factors in food is further analyzed and summarized. Combining machine learning, artificial intelligence, clinical experiments, and in vitro validation, the achievement transformation of functional factor in food driven by network pharmacology is of great significance for the future development of network pharmacology research.

A Systematic Review on the Impact of Plant-Based Milk Consumption on Growth and Nutrition in Children and Adolescents

BackgroundChildren are increasingly consuming plant-based milks, yet the impact on their growth and nutrition is unclear. ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to summarize the available evidence on the impact of plant-based milk consumption on growth and nutrition in children and adolescents. MethodsMEDLINE, Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), EBM Reviews – Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, and Scopus were comprehensively searched from 2000 to 2024 to identify studies evaluating the growth and nutritional effects of plant-based milk consumption in children aged 1–18 y. Two reviewers independently screened full-text articles, assessed their quality, and extracted data. ResultsA total of 6 studies were identified: 3 cross-sectional studies, 1 prospective cohort study, and 2 clinical trials (total n = 15,815). Observational studies found that consumption of plant-based milk was associated with lower childhood body mass index (BMI), height, and serum vitamin D concentrations compared with cow milk. No association was found between soy milk consumption and BMI in adolescent girls. Low-quality clinical trials showed minimal effects on growth, and 1 study found that adolescent girls with low calcium intake who consumed fortified soy milk had higher bone density compared with those who did not consume soy milk. ConclusionsAvailable evidence suggests that children who consume plant-based milk may have lower BMI, height, and micronutrient intake compared with those who consume cow milk, whereas fortified soy milk may support bone health in adolescents who do not drink cow milk. Longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether these associations persist over time, differ between children and adolescents or among those who consume soy milk, and to understand the potential underlying mechanisms.This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022367269.

PSVII-24 Backgrounding carryover nutritional effects on nitrogen metabolism and water requirements onto grain or forage-fed finished cattle

PSVII-24 Backgrounding carryover nutritional effects on nitrogen metabolism and water requirements onto grain or forage-fed finished cattle

The Effect of Nutrition and Diet on the Causes of Kidney Failure in Minors in Indonesia

Renal failure among minors in Indonesia has become a growing public health concern, with increasing evidence suggesting that dietary habits play a significant role in its development. This study investigates the influence of nutrition and diet on the causes of renal failure in minors, utilizing a quantitative analysis of 80 samples. Data were collected using a Likert scale (1 to 5) and analyzed with SPSS version 26. The results indicate significant positive correlations between the consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and the incidence of renal failure. Conversely, higher intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with a reduced risk of renal failure. Multiple regression analysis further confirmed the predictive power of these dietary factors, with processed foods and sugary drinks emerging as significant contributors to renal failure. The findings emphasize the need for targeted nutritional interventions and public health strategies to promote healthier eating habits among minors in Indonesia, aiming to reduce the incidence of renal failure and improve long-term health outcomes.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Healthy Nutrition and Obesity Awareness Education for Middle School Students Using Drama-Based Learning Activities

Aim: The prevalence of childhood obesity is rapidly increasing, making it one of the most common nutritional problems globally. This study aimed to investigate the impact of education using the creative drama technique on obesity awareness and healthy nutrition-exercise behavior among middle school students. Material and Methods: This single-group pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted in a state middle school in a Western Black Sea Region province between October 2023 and January 2024, involving 156 middle school students selected through random sampling. A six-session face-to-face education program on obesity prevention and healthy nutrition was implemented. Data collection forms included a Demographic Information Form, an Obesity Awareness Scale, and a Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale. Data collection forms were administered to students before (t1) and one month after the education (t2). Results: The mean age of the participating students was 12.33±0.92. Only 3.8% of students had previously received education on combating obesity through healthy nutrition. There was a significant increase in students’ obesity awareness (t1=2.99±0.17, t2=3.54±0.20) and nutrition-exercise behavior scores (t1=153.76±13.07, t2=165.1±11.57) after the education. Conclusion: Interactive and participatory learning through the creative drama technique effectively increased students’ obesity awareness and promoted healthy nutrition-exercise behaviors. Education focusing on hands-on experiences and active engagement was found to be successful in enhancing students’ awareness of obesity and encouraging healthier lifestyle choices.

The Potential Effectiveness of Nutrient Declarations and Nutrition and Health Claims for Improving Population Diets.

Nutrition labeling supports healthier diets by aiding purchase decisions and stimulating reformulation. This systematic literature review applied Cochrane methods to synthesize and appraise evidence on the effectiveness of nutrient declarations and nutrition and health claims on diet-related outcomes. The search spanned 11 academic databases, from inception to July 2022. Evidence was synthesized using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) and vote counting. Data were available from 170 studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that nutrient declarations likely improved consumer understanding of the nutritional quality/content of foods (moderate certainty) and may have improved the healthfulness of choices (low certainty) versus no label. RCT evidence also suggests that claims likely increased consumer perceptions of food healthfulness and increased choice and purchases of labeled foods (both moderate certainty), irrespective of nutritional quality. To improve label understanding and avoid misinterpretation, nutrient declarations may incorporate interpretive elements and claims can apply disqualifying conditions for their usage, on the basis of overall nutritional quality.

Prenatal Nutritional Factors and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Narrative Review.

According to the DSM-5, neurodevelopmental disorders represent a group of heterogeneous conditions, with onset during the developmental period, characterized by an alteration of communication and social skills, learning, adaptive behavior, executive functions, and psychomotor skills. These deficits determine an impairment of personal, social, scholastic, or occupational functioning. Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by an increased incidence and a multifactorial etiology, including genetic and environmental components. Data largely explain the role of genetic and environmental factors, also through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and miRNA. Despite genetic factors, nutritional factors also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of these disorders, both in the prenatal and postnatal period, underscoring that the control of modifiable factors could decrease the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. The preventive role of nutrition is widely studied as regards many chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer, but actually we also know the effects of nutrition on embryonic brain development and the influence of prenatal and preconceptional nutrition in predisposition to various pathologies. These factors are not limited only to a correct caloric intake and a good BMI, but rather to an adequate and balanced intake of macro and micronutrients, the type of diet, and other elements such as exposure to heavy metals. This review represents an analysis of the literature as regards the physiopathological mechanisms by which food influences our state of health, especially in the age of development (from birth to adolescence), through prenatal and preconceptional changes, underlying how controlling these nutritional factors should improve mothers' nutritional state to significantly reduce the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. We searched key words such as "maternal nutrition and neurodevelopmental disorders" on Pubmed and Google Scholar, selecting the main reviews and excluding individual cases. Therefore, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics teach us the importance of personalized nutrition for good health. So future perspectives may include well-established reference values in order to determine the correct nutritional intake of mothers through food and integration.

Effect of Foliar Nutrition on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Medium Black Calcareous Soil

Effect of Foliar Nutrition on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Medium Black Calcareous Soil

Dietary factors may be associated with measures of ultrasound-derived skeletal muscle echo intensity.

Skeletal muscle echo intensity (EI) is affected by ageing and physical activity; however, the effects of nutrition are less understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether habitual nutrient intake may be associated with ultrasound-derived EI. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were trained on an initial sample (n=100, M=45; F=55; 38±15 years) to predict EI of two quadriceps muscles from 19 variables, using the "jack-knife" function within the "pls" package (RStudio), which was then tested in an additional dataset (n=30, M=13; F=17; 38±16 years). EI was determined using B-mode ultrasonography of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) and nutritional intake determined via 3-day weighed food diaries. Mean daily intake of specific nutrients were included as predictor variables with age, sex, and self-reported physical activity. PLSR training model 1 explained ∼52% and model 2 ∼46% of the variance in RF and VL EI, respectively. Model 1 also explained ∼35% and model 2 ∼30% of the variance in RF and VL EI in the additional testing dataset. Age and biological sex were associated with EI in both models (P<0.025). Dietary protein (RF: β = -7.617, VL: β = -7.480), and selenium (RF: β = -7.144, VL: β = -4.775) were associated with EI in both muscles (P<0.05), whereas fibre intake (RF: β = -5.215) was associated with RF EI only and omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/ω-3 FAs, RF: β = 3.145) with VL EI only (P<0.05). Therefore, absolute protein, selenium, fibre, and n-3 FAs may be associated with skeletal muscle EI, although further mechanistic work is required before claiming causal inference.

Beneficial Physiological and Metabolic Effects with Acute Intake of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract during 4 h of Indoor Cycling in a Male Ironman Athlete: A Case Study.

New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) is known to alter exercise-induced physiological and metabolic responses with chronic (i.e., 7 days) dosing. We examined the effects of acute intake of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on 4 h indoor cycling-induced physiological and metabolic responses in a male amateur Ironman athlete (age: 49 years; BMI: 24.3 kg·m-2; V˙O2max: 58.6 mL·kg-1·min-1; maximal aerobic power: 400 W; history: 14 Ironman events in 16 years) three weeks before competition. Indirect calorimetry was used and heart rate was recorded at 30 min intervals during 4 h indoor (~22.4 °C, relative humidity: ~55%) constant power (165 W) cycling on a Trek Bontrager connected to a Kickr smart trainer. Blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken at 60 min intervals. Study was a single-blind placebo-controlled study with capsules (4 × 105 mg anthocyanins) taken 2 h before starting the 4 h of cycling. Water was allowed ad libitum with personalised consumption of gels [a total of eight with three with caffeine (100 mg)], two bananas and 8 × electrolyte capsules (each 250 mg sodium and 125 mg potassium) at personalised time-points. With NZBC extract (CurraNZ), during 4 h of cycling (mean of 8 measurements), minute ventilation was 8% lower than placebo. In addition, there was no difference for oxygen uptake, with carbon dioxide production found to be 4% lower with NZBC extract. With the NZBC extract, the ventilatory equivalents were lower for oxygen and carbon dioxide by 5.5% and 3.7%; heart rate was lower by 10 beats·min-1; lactate was 40% different with lower lactate at 2, 3 and 4 h; RPE was lower at 2, 3 and 4 h; and carbohydrate oxidation was 11% lower. With NZBC extract, there was a trend for fat oxidation to be higher by 13% (p = 0.096), with the respiratory exchange ratio being lower by 0.02 units. Acute intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (420 mg anthocyanins) provided beneficial physiological and metabolic responses during 4 h of indoor constant power cycling in a male amateur Ironman athlete 3 weeks before a competition. Future work is required to address whether acute and chronic dosing strategies with New Zealand blackcurrant provide a nutritional ergogenic effect for Ironman athletes to enhance swimming, cycling and running performance.

Consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward functional beverages: a lesson for producers and retailers

Functional foods and drinks benefit human health beyond adequate nutritional effects. The rising popularity of functional beverages (FBs) is associated, among others, with their convenience and capacity to meet consumer needs. This research study aimed to explore the predictors of consumers’ intentions toward functional beverages FBs and develop guidelines for how producers and retailers could develop adequate strategies regarding the products. The online questionnaire survey examined consumers’ willingness to purchase (WTP) FBs in three categories: (i) yogurts, kefirs; (ii) isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic drinks; (iii) smoothie drinks, and fruit/vegetable cocktails. The questionnaire considered consumers’ values, attitudes, and intentions toward FBs. A four-stage hierarchical multiple regression was undertaken. Predictors of WTP products from the selected groups differed. Women were more willing to buy fruit and vegetable-based FBs than men. Reward from using functional foods was the strongest predictor of consumers’ WTP dairy FBs and sports drinks. We suggest conducting an experimental study in the future, which should allow us to best determine cause-and-effect relationships between values and attitudes and WTP FBs. Food habits are essential determinants of consumer intentions toward FBs; hence, we suggest promoting healthy nutrition habits within public–private partnerships. Retailers that offer health foods and employ societal retailing may disclose this information in sustainability reporting. The originality of this study resides in designing a model for assessing consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward FBs belonging to three selected categories. Previous studies were usually focused on the functional food market in Asian countries. We examined consumers’ WTP FBs in a European country.

Role of nutrition in orthopedic trauma and surgery-A prospective study

: Nutrition is an age-old issue of human civilization with approximately 40% undernourished hospitalized inpatients. This has effect on surgery as healthy individuals have better tolerance than malnourished patients. : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nutrition on patients who had undergone different types of Orthopedics surgeries. This prospective research involved 200 participants who received various orthopedic surgeries at a tertiary care facility. The evaluation of nutritional status involved measuring anthropometric (BMI) and biochemical markers (pre-albumin and transferrin) before, after, and three months after surgery for various age groups, genders, comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension, as well as for complications like urinary tract infections and surgical wound dehiscence. Version 16 of the SPSS statistical analysis program was used for the analysis. Chi Square and the repeated variable ANNOVA test were the tests employed.: 113 patients were followed up prospectively with 4.42% under nourishment rate. Nutritional markers were statistically significant values at pre,post and at 3 months of post op. Diabetes and age more than 40 years were two important parameters affecting nutrition of patients undergoing different orthopedic surgeries. Surgical wound infection was not related to nutritional status of the patient in this study. Pre albumin was found to be a better predictor of nutrition than transferrin.: This study clearly showed that nutrition has tremendous impact on the outcome different orthopedics surgeries. But needs more extensive research with huge sample size to prove the same in a more accurate way.

Preparation of a multiple interacting magnetic fluid for rapid and sensitive simultaneous extraction of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide metabolites in biological samples

Backgroundβ-nicotinamide mononucleotide stands out as an essential breakthrough in “anti-aging” and consistently leads the list of top-selling nutritional supplements in terms of quantity. As the metabolites of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, the detection of nicotinamide and N1-methylnicotinamide is of great significance for evaluating the nutritional effect of dietary supplements of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide. However, due to the extremely low concentration of nicotinamide and N1-methylnicotinamide in vivo and the serious matrix interference in biological samples, there is an increasing demand for materials and methods of pre-treatment. ResultsIn this study, Fe3O4@hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose@dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid magnetic fluid was synthesized for the first time, and it was used as pretreatment material to detect nicotinamide and N1- methylnicotinamide in urine samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Compared with other adsorption materials, Fe3O4@hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose@dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid nanoparticles are a kind of uniform magnetic fluid. Furthermore, they have more types and quantities of interaction sites (electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding interactions, and π-π interactions), so they own greater adsorption capacity. When the pH of the solution is 4, they can be adsorbed quickly within 10 s. The method successfully detected trace nicotinamide and N1-methylnicotinamide in urine samples in the linear range of 0.1–80 μg mL−1, the low detection limits were 0.30 ng mL−1 and 1.5 ng mL−1 respectively, and the quantification limits were 1.0 ng mL−1 and 5.0 ng mL−1, respectively. At the same time, the standard urine samples of nicotinamide and N1-methylnicotinamide showed satisfactory recovery rate 94.50–109.1 %. The results indicated that the established method can accurately and quantitatively determine trace nicotinamide and N1-methylnicotinamide in urine samples. SignificanceConsequently, low concentration of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide metabolites can be detected simultaneously, and the interference can be eliminated during the detection process, which provides an efficient and convenient pretreatment method and a rapid and sensitive detection method for the analysis of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide metabolites. What's more, it has a wide application prospect in the analysis of other similar metabolites in biological samples.

Beverage of Brazil Nut and Bocaiuva Almond Enriched with Minerals: Technological Quality and Nutritional Effect in Male Wistar Rats.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of beverages formulated with Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl) and bocaiuva almonds (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart.). Five beverages were developed with Brazil nut, bocaiuva almond, and water (m/m/v), as follows: (i) NB, nut:water, 1:10; (ii) AB, almond:water, 1:10; (iii) NAB1, 1:0.1:10, nut:almond:water; (iv) NAB5, nut:almond:water, 1:0.5:10; and (v) NAB10, nut:almond:water, 1:1:10. The physicochemical, chemical, technological, and microbiological parameters were evaluated. After heat treatment (HT) and enrichment with minerals, the beverages that demonstrated stability in these characteristics were tested in a biological assay. The physical and biochemical parameters of male Wistar rats were evaluated after administering beverages for 28 days. HT decreased the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity; however, it guaranteed microbiological safety. Mineral supplementation changed the colors and increased the pH values of the beverages. After the beverages were administered, the Wistar rats in the (i) NB group showed decreases in retroperitoneal adipose tissue, total cholesterol, and triglycerides; (ii) those in the AB group exhibited decreased triglycerides contents; and (iii) those in the NAB10-group presented decreased liver weights. The beverages evaluated in this study demonstrate a protective effect against risk factors such as fat accumulation in the liver, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and hypercholesterolemia.

Mule deer selection of fuel reductions is restricted by site fidelity and structured by circadian and seasonal patterns

Forests in the western US have undergone a profound transformation over the last 100 years due to chronic fire suppression and a cycle of extensive timber harvest followed by little silvicultural activity. Forested landscapes in this region are now dominated by intermediate age, denser stands of coniferous trees that reduce transmission of light and precipitation to the understory, with potential consequences for ungulate nutrition. We used a 20-year dataset of mule deer locations (560 animal-years of data) to evaluate long-term patterns of selection of forest stands that had been thinned and burned compared to untreated reference stands. We evaluated within home-range (3rd order) selection at 3 temporal scales (hourly, daily, annually) and landscape-scale (2nd order) use annually. We found that annual selection of treated stands during summer generally increased with two peaks, once immediately after treatments were applied and again 15 years later. Mule deer also showed strong seasonal and temporal patterns in selection of treated forest stands. Deer selected treated stands at night in July and August immediately after treatments. After 4–6 years, mule deer selected treated stands both during the day and at night in May, July, and August, but with stronger selection at night. We hypothesize that preference for treated forest stands were driven by differences in forage quantity and quality among forest stands. Vegetation surveys during years of peak selection showed that treated stands had significantly higher biomass and digestible energy of neutrally selected forage and lower biomass of avoided forage species, although there was no difference in biomass of preferred forage species. A subset of female mule deer with multiple years of data did not shift home ranges to overlap with treated forest stands over time (2nd order use) but did show increasing selection over time for treated forest stands within their home ranges (3rd order). Our results show that thinning and burning of forest stands can benefit mule deer both immediately and for up to 15 years after treatment and that researchers should evaluate temporal and seasonal patterns in studies of habitat selection. Given the diverse habitat needs of mule deer, treatments would be most beneficial if they were scattered across large landscapes and staggered in time to provide a diversity of forage and cover types.

The influence of iron nutrition on the development of intestine and immune cell divergency in neonatal pigs

BackgroundAppropriate iron supplementation is essential for neonatal growth and development. However, there are few reports on the effects of iron overload on neonatal growth and immune homeostasis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron nutrition on neonatal growth and intestinal immunity by administering different levels of iron to neonatal pigs.ResultsWe found that iron deficiency and iron overload resulted in slow growth in neonatal pigs. Iron deficiency and iron overload led to down-regulation of jejunum intestinal barrier and antioxidant marker genes, and promoted CD8+ T cell differentiation in jejunum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of pigs, disrupting intestinal health. Moreover, iron levels altered serum iron and tissue iron status leading to disturbances in redox state, affecting host innate and adaptive immunity.ConclusionsThese findings emphasized the effect of iron nutrition on host health and elucidated the importance of iron in regulating redox state and immunity development. This study provided valuable insights into the regulation of redox state and immune function by iron metabolism in early life, thus contributing to the development of targeted interventions and nutritional strategies to optimize iron nutrition in neonates.

Maternal Malnutrition and Elevated Disease Risk in Offspring.

US populations have seen dramatic increases in the prevalence of chronic disease over the past three generations. Rapid increases in type 2 diabetes and obesity have occurred in all the states but have been particularly striking in the Deep South. These increases have contributed to decreases in life expectancy and to painful elevations in health care costs. The causes of worsening population health are complex and incompletely understood. However, there is strong evidence that vulnerability to chronic conditions is determined in early life. Most chronic diseases are developmentally driven. There are specific stressors experienced in early life that influence epigenetic and structural changes during development. These include malnutrition, severe levels of social stress, toxic chemicals, and low oxygen levels. Most US populations have experienced a decrease in the quality of the food they consume as industrial foods have replaced garden-grown foods. Thus, the consumption of too few nutrients before and during pregnancy and during lactation influences the growth of the placenta and fetal organs and their level of resilience when faced with stresses in postnatal life and particularly as adults. Animal studies have shown that the effects of poor nutrition can be passed on to future generations. The most powerful way that the current epidemics of obesity and insulin resistance can be reversed is by providing key nutrients to prospective mothers and those already pregnant.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of mixed nutrition for postoperative esophageal cancer patients in China: a meta-analysis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of mixed nutrition and parenteral nutrition support on postoperative patients with esophageal cancer. By searching PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases, all the literatures until March 2024 about the comparison of randomized controlled Trial (RCT) of mixed nutrition and parenteral nutrition support in postoperative patients with esophageal cancer were screened. The inclusion criteria were that the patients were from randomized controlled trials or clinical trials in China, and the patients were all diagnosed with esophageal cancer by pathological biopsy. The exclusion criteria were the literature other than the above, including repeated published literature, non-Chinese and English literature, incomplete or missing analysis data, etc. After two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias according to the criteria, Meta-analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 11 studies were included, including 1216 patients. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with parenteral nutrition, mixed nutrition can improve the levels of transferrin, serum albumin, prealbumin and lymphocyte counts in patients with esophageal cancer after surgery, shorten the time of anal recovery of exhaust, defecation and hospital stay after surgery, and reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection, abdominal distension, incision infection and anastomotic fistula, with statistical significance between the two groups (P < 0.05). The heterogeneity of individual results in this study is relatively high, the analysis comes from clinical heterogeneity, and the publication bias is analyzed through Funnel plot. Taking the incidence of lung infection as an example, the results are evenly distributed on both sides of the Funnel plot, and the publication bias has little impact on the results of the study. Compared with parenteral nutrition, mixed nutrition can improve the prognosis of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer and reduce the incidence of related adverse events.