Nutritional Dermatoses Research Articles

Dermatologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Childhood

Dermatologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Childhood

Prevalence of Skin Disorders (SD) among school going children of semiurban areas in Puducherry.

Aims and Objective: The study is carried out to study the prevalence and the spectrum of Skin Disorders (SD) among school going children of Semi-Urban (SU) areas in Puducherry. Background: Skin Disorders (SD) are one of the commonest health problems faced by the school going children especially among the developing countries. The high prevalence of skin diseases among developing countries could be accounted for poor socioeconomic conditions, poor sanitation, and lack of awareness to seek medical attention. Acne, atopic dermatitis and eczematous conditions are more common in developed countries those with infectious causes are more common in developing countries. They may cause discomfort, psychological effects like embarrassment, stigmatization and loss of confidence. In spite of these consequences, awareness among the public regarding skin diseases is still lacking. This study is hence undertaken to study the current scenario of Skin Disorders (SD) among school children of Semi-Urban (SU) areas in Puducherry. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 1000 school going children of 5-15 years of age belonging to Semi-Urban (SU) areas in Puducherry. The children were interviewed based on a prestructured questionnaire and detailed history is entered into the proforma followed by s clinical examination by a Paediatrician. The children with Skin Disorders (SD) are diagnosed based on clinical features and appropriate investigations such as KOH Examination, Gram’s stain, and Wood’s lamp wherever necessary by a Dermatologist. The information thus obtained is analyzed using SPSS Software. Chi square test is used to compare the categorical variables and p-value<0.05 is considered to show statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of skin disorders among the study population is 72%. The children were distributed into 5-10 years (53.5%) and 11-15 years (46.5%). Majority of (44.5%) children of the younger age group had manifestation of Skin Disorders (SD) compared to affected children (27.5%) among the older age group. The association of Skin Disorders (SD) seen more prevalent among Boys when compared to Girls showing statistical significance. Majority of children belonging to Middle Middle class (79.1%) and Lower Middle class (80%) were affected with Skin Disorders (SD) as compared to children of Upper Middle class (43%) and Upper class (4%) with statistically significant association. The skin disoreders were broadly categorised into Infectious dermatoses (51.7%), Non- Infectious dermatoses (38.8%) and Nutritional dermatoses (9.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of Skin Disorders (SD) among school going children of 5-15 years of age in semi urban areas of Puducherry is found to be high. Majority of children of the younger age group had manifestation of Skin Disorders (SD) compared to children affected among the older age group. The importance of recognizing these common dermatological manifestations has to be inculcated among parents, school teachers and even School Children (SC). Educating the school children regarding the proper sanitation and hygienic practices can increase the chances of improving the health status of the future generation.

A cross sectional study of nutritional dermatoses among malnourished children in a tertiary care centre

Background: Nutritional deficiencies are most prevalent in underdeveloped and developing countries of the world. An impaired nutritional status alters the structural integrity and biological function of the skin, resulting in an abnormal skin barrier. The objective was to study the various cutaneous spectrums of nutritional deficiency (ND) in children. Methods: A total of 100 malnourished children were included over a period of 6 months. Preliminary data of children regarding age, start of complementary feeding, maternal education, and parity were recorded. All children were examined thoroughly for the presence of cutaneous, mucosal, hair, and nail changes. Results: Majority were in the age group of 6–24 months, followed by 25–36 months. M:F ratio was 1:1.1. Majority of mothers were illiterate (43%). Only 8% babies were bottle-fed and complementary feeding was started in 56% of children between the months of 6 and 12. Seventy percent children were born to multiparous mothers. Approximately 50% children were of low-birth weight. Ninety-four percent of families resided in the rural areas. The cutaneous features seen include xerodermia (58%), lusterless hair (53%), pigmentary changes (36%), loss of subcutaneous fat (31%), flag sign (29%), angular cheilities (20%), etc. Other features seen were monkey-like facies (4%), long eyelashes (16%), ichthyotic and lichenoid skin changes (16%), and flaky paint dermatosis (2%). Conclusions: The most common cutaneous feature seen was xerodermia and least frequent one was flaky paint dermatosis. Many cases of ND are diagnosed only after evident skin changes. There is significant morbidity and sometimes mortality associated with certain nutritional deficiencies. Their prompt recognition, diagnosis, and treatment by clinicians are of great importance.

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Hospitalized Patient

Cutaneous disease may be the first manifestation of an underlying nutritional deficiency, highlighting the importance of early recognition by dermatologists. Undernutrition occurs when there is an imbalance between nutrient intake and metabolic demand. Many hospitalized patients are in catabolic states due to chronic illness, infection, malabsorption, or medication. These patients are at an increased risk for undernutrition and therefore associated cutaneous disease. This review details the risk factors for nutritional deficiency, illustrates the presentations of cutaneous disease, reviews diagnostic workups, and provides suggestions for supplementation in the undernourished patient.

Pattern of common skin diseases among school going children in Semi-Urban Area of Jaipur: A cross-sectional study

Aims: Skin disorders are a common health problem in pediatric age group, and a school-based survey seems to be a good screening tool for estimating the prevalence of cutaneous disorders among children. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in three schools of semi-urban area of Jaipur. A total of 576 children including 218 boys and 358 girls of age group 4–18 years were examined for the study, and laboratory investigations were also done for all the children. Results: Out of 576 students, 349 students were found to have a skin disorder. Of all the affected children, 69.7% (370) had noninfectious dermatoses, 19.8% (105) had infectious dermatoses, and 10.5% (56) had nutritional dermatoses. Conclusions: In our study, the prevalence of skin infection was found to be associated with low socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene. Hence, awareness regarding skin-related health problems in children as well as in their parents seems to be of utmost importance.

Nutritional dermatoses and its association with anemia and systemic illness

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Mucocutaneous changes may be a “tell-tale” signs of multi nutrional deficiency including anemia. Some are very characteristic of a specific nutrient deficiency, while other signs may overlap and will reflect multiple deficiency states.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; To scrutinize clinical signs of multi nutritional deficiencies accompanied with anemia, this observational clinical study of 75 patients (adult and adolescents) was undertaken. Patients were selected from out-patient and in-patient department (OPD and IPD) of dermatology as well as General Medicine ward including medical ICU. Relevant investigations were carried out whenever required. Detail clinical history of diet, tuberculosis as well as HIV disease, worm infestation, other co-morbid conditions and alcohol intake were taken. Clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies like of Pellagra, Kwashiorkor, Beriberi, Ariboflavinosis and other signs of avitaminosis and micronutrient deficiency were looked for in all such patients.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Of 75 patients, 37 were male (M) and 38 female (F). One of the important findings was that one third patients were admitted in ICU and in 60 of 75 patients risk factors could be identified. Mental illness, ICU admission, elderly age, systemic illness and alcohol consumption were the predisposing factors. Iron deficiency anemia was the commonest anemia followed by dimorphic anemia with other multinutrional manifestations. Clinical signs which were observed due to multinutritional deficiency were of pellagra dermatosis, kwashiorkor, koilonychia with pale tongue and mucous membranes, angular cheilosis, hair changes of various types and other signs due to systemic involvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Anemia may be associated with other nutritional abnormality which is reflected in changes in the skin, mucous membrane, hairs and nails. Nutritional dermatosis and anemia can be part of systemic illness which maybe reflected as deficiency of multiple nutritive factors.&lt;/p&gt;

A study to analyze the correlation between nutritional dermatoses with socioeconomic status, dietary fallacies and growth in children 1 to 5 years of age, in and around rural area

Background: Little information is available about the prevalence of skin conditions among the children in general population. Skin conditions vary in frequencies and severity in different age groups, different geographical locations and under different definitions of skin diseases. Low socioeconomic status, malnutrition, overcrowding, poor standards of hygiene are important factors accounting for development of nutritional dermatoses in developing countries such as India. The objective of the present research was to study the association between nutritional dermatoses with Socioeconomic status, dietary fallacies and growth in children 1 to 5 years of age. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a rural based medical college of Dakshina Kannada District in Karnataka among the one to five years age children, who were attending the Pediatric out patient with nutritional skin lesions from the month of November 2012 to October 2013. The sample size was estimated as 150 children.Results: In present study, 76.00% (114) of children fall in the group of under nutrition and 73.33% (110) children is having the causative factor as Dietary Fallacies. Majority of children 60.66% (91) with nutritional dermatoses belongs to class IV socio-economic status according to B.G Prasad classification, 27.33% (41) belongs to class III and 12.00% (18) children belongs to class V. 64.66% (97) of children with nutritional dermatoses were underweight, 47.33% (71) of children showed wasting and 35.30% (53) children were stunted.Conclusions: Lower socioeconomic condition and dietary fallacies were the two most causative factors which had an adverse effect on nutritional status of child causing dermatoses. Nutrition deficiency had an impact of early transitional growth failure and delay in the achieving mile stone.

A study on common clinical pattern of presentation of skin and hair changes in nutritional deficiencies associated with dietary fallacies in children 1 to 5 years of age

Background: Dermatological problems constitute atleast 30% of all outpatient visits to the paediatricians and 30% of all visits to dermatologists involving children. Skin diseases in the paediatric age group can be transitory or chronic and recurrent. The chronic dermatoses are associated with significant morbidity and psychological impact. Skin disorders caused by deficiency generally, or less often by an excess of one or more nutrients is called nutritional dermatoses. The objective of the present study was to assess the common clinical pattern of presentation of skin and hair changes in nutritional deficiencies associated with dietary fallacies in children 1 to 5 years of age.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study consisting of all children between the age group of 1 to 5 years with Nutritional skin and hair lesions diagnosed with clinical examination in the OPD of the Pediatric Department were included in the study from the month of November 2012 to October 2013. A minimum sample size of 100 children is required for this study. However, author included 150 children.Results: In the present study, maximum numbers of children were in the age group of 12 – 24 months, 33.33 % (50) of study subjects. The proportion of males 58.00% (87) is higher than females 42.00% (63). Majority of children belonged to Class IV 60.66% (91) socioeconomic status. 76.00% (114) of children fall in the group of under nutrition and this can be attributed to the associated Dietary fallacies of 73.33% (110) children as causative factor. Nutritional anemia associated pallor and sparse hair were the common finding among all other nutritional deficiencies.Conclusions: Lower socio- economic condition and dietary fallacies were the two most causative factors which had an adverse effect on nutritional status of child causing dermatoses. In the present study, majority of children had nutritional anemia, vitamin A deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency associated dermatoses with overlapping of the clinical features because of complex interlinking of different dietary factors.

Burden of dermatological manifestations across various age groups of a Hilly State in North India

Background: The dermatological condition accounts for an important public health problem of the global load of disease in low and middle-income countries and places significant pressure on primary healthcare centers. There is heterogeneity in the frequency of diverse skin conditions between different areas (1). Most of the knowledge presently available about various aspects of skin diseases is based on observations made and data collected from secondary and tertiary level hospitals (2). Information on community-based prevalence and pattern of skin diseases would be a better measure of burden due to skin diseases in general population in order to assist in the planning of possible intervention strategies (3). Aims &amp; Objectives: To find out the prevalence, distribution, and determinants of various dermatological manifestations at the community level in Doiwala block of district Dehradun. Material &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 12 months, the study subjects comprised of individuals of all age groups. A sample size of 834 (416 males &amp; 418 females) was calculated by using current prevalence of skin diseases (43.7% in males &amp; 44.7% in females) in Uttarakhand (1). Results: Nearly half of the studied population (45.8%) had some type of dermatological manifestations. It was slightly higher in females (47.1%) than males (44.5%). Out of 382 symptomatic respondents, 247 (64.7) had infective dermatoses followed by 124 (32.5%) non-infective, 6 (1.5%) others and 5 (1.3%) nutritional deficiency dermatoses. The gender-wise distribution of various types of dermatoses was found to be statistically significant (?2-15.225, df-3, p-0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of dermatological conditions in district Dehradun is fairly high with increased prevalence in the younger age group that might be an indicator to the fact that the burden of skin diseases may go to rise in the future.

Pattern of Skin disorders across age groups

Objective: Pattern of skin diseases has been noted to differ across age groups both in specific types and in clinical manifestations. This variation across age groups has been attributed to growth and development of the skin; to complex hormonal changes occurring at different stages of life; and environmental factors. To highlight differences in the pattern of presentation of skin disorders in different age groups with respect to the characteristic physiological changes in patients seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study done at the dermatology clinic. Demographic data and diagnoses were extracted from the clinical records of all new patients seen between January 2010 and December 2014 (a five year period). These were captured on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Infections and eczematous conditions were the most prominent group(s) of cutaneous disorders across all ages though acne vulgaris ranked high in adolescents/young adults. Nutritional dermatoses, infestations and genetic disorders occurred predominantly in the pediatric age group. All other diseases peaked in the adult group whilst infections, eczemas and papulosquamous disorders had two peaks (in the pediatric and the adult age group). Conclusion: Infections and eczematous condition were the most prominent group of cutaneous disorder across all ages apart from acne vulgaris which ranked high in the adolescents/young adults. Knowledge of this will help in health planning and early diagnosis of skin disorders. Keywords: Skin, Age Groups, Infections, Eczemas, Acne vulgaris

Prevalence of common dermatoses in school children of rural areas of Salem; a region of South India

Introduction: Skin diseases are a major health problem in children, which is associated with significant morbidity. Its prevalence ranges from 4.3% to 49.1% in various parts of India in school-based surveys. Objective: The present study was conducted to know the prevalence, epidemiology of various dermatoses, and the factors contributing to those dermatoses among school children of rural areas of Salem. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in two schools of rural Salem between September 2014 and September 2015. A total of 1000 children between the age group of 5 and 14 years were examined for diseases of the skin and appendages. Data were coded and analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 68.2%. Almost 53 types of skin lesions were identified among the students; of these, 15 were infectious, 35 were noninfectious, and three were nutritional dermatoses. Infectious dermatoses were seen in 346 (50.73%), noninfectious in 253 (37.10%), and nutritional deficiency dermatoses in 83 (12.17%) children. The top three conditions, i.e.. pediculosis capitis (21%), scabies (11%), and bacterial infections (8.52%) contributed 40.52% of the total burden of skin diseases. Conclusion: The prevalence of skin disorders, especially infectious dermatoses, was high among the school children in our study area which is a reflection of the prevalence in the overall population of that area. It is mainly attributed to a lack of proper hygienic measures and health awareness which has to be addressed promptly for the improvement of that area.

Mucocutaneous Disorders of Pediatric HIV in South West Nigeria

Nigeria has the world's highest burden of pediatric HIV. In the face of paucity of monitoring tests in Nigeria, we studied the spectrum of pediatric mucocutaneous manifestations and evaluated their clinical utility as surrogate markers for immunodeficiency and plasma viral load levels. Cross-sectional study comparing mucocutaneous manifestations in 155 HIV-positive children aged 12 weeks to 14 years with 155 HIV-negative children. Relationships between mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV-infected patients and their immunologic and virologic indices were analyzed. Mucocutaneous lesions were seen in 53.5% of HIV-infected children compared with 18.1% of the controls. Prevalence of lesions increased with worsening levels of immunodeficiency and increasing viral loads (P < .01). Oral candidiasis, angular stomatitis, and fluffy hair were associated with more severe degrees of immunodeficiency. Mucocutaneous disorders are common in HIV-infected children. Oral candidiasis and nutritional dermatoses can be used as surrogates for advanced or severe immunodeficiency.

Scenario of Pediatric Dermatoses in Rural Population of Central India

Introduction : Skin diseases in the pediatric population are common all over the world including rural and urban areas. The prevalence of pediatric dermatoses is higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas in relation to poor socio-economic status, poor personal hygiene, overcrowded, families lack of general awareness, lack of education, sanitation and specialized health facilities. Aim : To study the proportion of different skin conditions presenting in pediatric age groups. Material & Methods : This study was conducted in tertiary care center, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital. 710 patients were enrolled below the age group of 14 years and were divided in to 3 groups < 1 year, 1-4 years and 5-14 years. Results : Out of 710 patients 46.3% infection and infestation, 18.6% dermatitis and eczema, 8.7% and 8.3% dermatoses of skin appendages and miscellaneous dermatoses found respectively. Nutritional dermatoses was found in 5.9%, nevus 3.8%, papulosquamousdermatoses 3.6%, pigmentary dermatoses 2.67% and both bullous and keratinization each of 0.98% patients. Discussion : In our study most common dermatoses was infection and infestation which mainly occur due to low socioeconomic status, dietary habits, climatic exposure, lack of health awareness and poverty. Bacterial infections were most common in all the age group. The viral wart were common in 6-14 years of age group due to more exposure and enhanced outdoor activities. Conclusion : Our study brings into light the presentation of rural pediatric dermatology patients were commonly of dermatoses like infections, infestations, dermatitis and nutritional disorders.

Nutritional dermatoses in the bariatric surgery patient

Nutritional dermatoses in the bariatric surgery patient

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: IX. Evaluation of the Interrelationship of Magnesium Deficiency and Deficiencies of the Vitamin B Complex1: One Plate (Eleven Figures)

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: IX. Evaluation of the Interrelationship of Magnesium Deficiency and Deficiencies of the Vitamin B Complex1: One Plate (Eleven Figures)

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: VIII. Vitamin A Deficiency: One Text Figure and Two Plates (Eleven Figures)

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: VIII. Vitamin A Deficiency: One Text Figure and Two Plates (Eleven Figures)

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: IV. Riboflavin Deficiency

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: IV. Riboflavin Deficiency

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: III. Gangrene and Spontaneous Amputation of the Digits Produced by the Combined Deficiency of Vitamin B6 and the Filtrate Components

Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: III. Gangrene and Spontaneous Amputation of the Digits Produced by the Combined Deficiency of Vitamin B6 and the Filtrate Components

The Nutritional Approach to Experimental Dermatology. Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: II. Skin Changes in Rats Deficient in the Entire Vitamin B Complex other than Thiamin

The Nutritional Approach to Experimental Dermatology. Nutritional Dermatoses in the Rat: II. Skin Changes in Rats Deficient in the Entire Vitamin B Complex other than Thiamin