Nutritional Advice Research Articles

Describing Community-Based Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in the Nutritional Care of Older Adults: Results of a UK Survey.

To ascertain current nutritional knowledge and training needs of community-based nurses caring for older adults in the United Kingdom. A descriptive cross-sectional, anonymized, online survey of nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to older adults' nutrition was developed. Community-based nurses working with older adults in the United Kingdom were recruited via social media and convenience sampling. Responses were received from 194 community-based nurses. Nutritional care was seen as a multidisciplinary responsibility by 62% of participants. Most undertook nutrition screening (93%), were confident in providing nutritional advice (83%), and ease of identifying those in need (88%) was high. However, some aspects of nutritional knowledge were less complete, including recommended daily intakes of protein (60% unsure) and fiber (52% unsure). High confidence in delivering nutritional advice contrasted with uncertainty around some aspects of nutritional knowledge, suggesting opportunities to improve training on the nutritional needs of older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Clinical Decision Support Systems to Identify Drug-Related Problems in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) has been developed for utilization to provide rational therapy to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients including preventing Drug-related Problems (DRPs) such as the effect of drug treatment being not optimal, untreated indications and symptoms, unnecessary therapy, and adverse drug reactions. This study aims to summarize the available evidence on the intervention of CDSSs, key outputs, and impact of the user in DM patients. This study was a systematic review using PubMed, Scopus database, and by manually searching the bibliographies of articles that have been found. We included studies reporting on evaluated CDSSs that had been implemented in medication prescription, reducing medication errors, adverse drug events, drug-allergy checking, drug dosing support, and so on. A total of 8 studies were selected among 855 studies. CDSSs are used in hospitals and primary care settings to identify potential drug interactions, correct therapy regimens, monitor therapy, blood glucose documentation, ensure patients receive medication according to the guideline, provide nutritional advice, and schedule physical activity. The usage of CDSSs improves blood glucose levels, detects possible drug interactions, reduces face-to-face consultations, improves documentation, assists in identifying dose, and promotes prescribing in line with the guideline. The use of CDSSs can help to reduce the risk of errors in management therapy.

Study on Assessing the Evolution of Nutritional Choices through Social Media Influence

Social media-related nutritional decisions influencers and commercial postings on social media have a significant impact on people's eating habits, purchasing decisions, and decisions about food in general. It also shapes people's dietary practices and overall nutrition. Investigating dietary habits through social media can be disadvantageous to the potential for biased or inaccurate information, as sensational content can lead to unreliable nutritional advice. The 160 participants' nutritional choices using social media influence data are collected, and random questionnaires are collected. There are some factors depicted in this study that are social media engagement, perceived credibility of nutrition information, influence of social media on food choices, and change in eating habits. The study utilized SPSS-29 for statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, multivariate regression, correlation analysis, and Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to determine statistical significance. Social media use and food choices are found to be significantly correlated, with more credibility impacting consumption patterns. The most important effect of social media on eating decisions is revealed by multivariate regression. The study interaction with social media significantly influences dietary decisions, affecting credibility perceptions and highlighting the need for rigorous assessment of online nutritional information, as influence often leads to dietary modifications.

Beyond medications: a multifaceted approach to alleviating comorbid anxiety and depression in clinical settings.

Comorbid anxiety and depression are common and can make the problems more complex and sometimes resistant to pharmacological treatment. In existing research, the diagnoses are often studied separately, and physical activity, healthy nutrition, psychoeducation, and social support have shown good effects. The aim of the present study was to explore the longitudinal effects of a comprehensive treatment on patients with comorbid anxiety and depression in a clinical context. Eighty inpatients (15 men and 65 women) in age range 23-65 years receiving psychiatric treatment in Norwegian clinic participated in the longitudinal study. Treatment was person-centered and was most frequently given for anxiety and depression, e.g., pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy, individually and in groups. In combination with this, physical activity, healthy nutrition, psychoeducation and social support in contacts with authorities and relatives were also a part of treatment. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory at three points in time: baseline, at the end of treatment, and 3 months after treatment. The answers were categorized and combined into four groups according to severity of anxiety and depression to measure effects on comorbidity. Mann Whitney U test, Chi-square, Friedmans test, and McNemar test were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant increase of frequencies in the group with mild anxiety and depression 3 months past treatment compared to baseline. Through the comprehensive, person-centered treatment more patients had low levels of both anxiety and depression 3 months after treatment. We suggest that clinics working with comorbid depression and anxiety patients should add physical activity, nutrition advice, social support, and psychoeducation to the traditional treatment regimes. More research concerning comorbid anxiety and depression are urgent to further expand the treatment possibilities.

Evaluation of the Nutritional Knowledge in Relation to Secondary Prevention Among Doctors and Nurses in the Northern of Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Morocco is a country that has been experiencing an epidemiological and health transition characterized by a change in lifestyle and an increase in mortality for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional knowledge in relation to secondary prevention of doctors and nurses working in the hospitaland primary healthcare centersin Morocco.Specific knowledge about nutrition for diabetes, for high blood pressure and high cholesterol, for functional colopathy, for iron deficiency anemia, for vitamin B12 deficiency, for overweight and for hyperuricemia or gout attack were evaluated. Cross-sectional exploratory study carried out between June and December 2022, using a self-administered questionnaire developed on the basis of similar studies and the several standardized nutrition guides. A random cluster survey included 238 nurses and 131 doctors working in health centers and 234 nurses and 54 doctors working in hospitals. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21.0 software, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann Whitney test, and Spearmen's correlation. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the most significant sociodemographic variables. Among the seven nutritional content areas assessed in this study, we found that among doctors, the nutrition axis for high blood pressure and high cholesterol had the median correct response score of (0.57 interquartile range (IQR) (0.28, 0.71)). The same for nurse, but with the lower scores ((0.28 IQR (0, 0.43)) , (0.28 IQR (0.07, 0.42)) respectively). Our results do not reveal any statistically significant association of the median of total score of answers of both health professionals (nurses or of doctors) with their gender (p=0.383). However, they were significantly associated with basic training (p<0.001), continuous training (p=0.002), receiving information on nutrition (p=0.018), and their age (p=0.016). In conclusion, this study highlighted the major gaps in the nutritional knowledge of doctors and nurses regarding secondary prevention of NCDs. However, they should undergo continuing nutrition education programs to ensure safe and sound nutritional advice not only to patients but also to the public.Furthermore, policymakers should devote systematic efforts to nutrition education during basic training in medical and nursing schools, which will provide doctors and nurses with adequate training.

Application of ChatGPT to Support Nutritional Recommendations for Dialysis Patients – A Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation

ObjectivesThe diversity of food preferences and the need for personalized care can be challenging for renal dietitians. We explored ChatGPT-4 to support nutritional advice given to dialysis patients. DesignIn this simulation study, we tasked ChatGPT-4 with generating a personalized daily meal plan, including nutritional information. SettingThe study used virtual “patients” generated through Monte Carlo simulation. SubjectsData from a randomly selected virtual patient were presented to ChatGPT. InterventionWe provided to ChatGPT patient demographics, food preferences, laboratory data, clinical characteristics, and available budget, to generate a one-day sample menu with recipes and nutritional analyses. The generated content was rated by a renal dietitian and compared with a USDA-approved nutrient analysis software. ChatGPT also analyzed nutrition information of two recipes published online. We also requested a translation of the output into Spanish, Mandarin, Hungarian, German, and Dutch. Main outcome measureThe outcome measures were the accuracy of ChatGPT's nutritional analysis, the quality of recipe and cooking instructions on a five-point Likert scale, and a quantitative nutritional analysis. ResultsChatGPT generated a daily menu with five recipes. The renal dietitian rated the recipes at 3 (3,3) [median (Q1, Q3)], the cooking instructions at 5 (5,5), and the nutritional analysis at 2 (2,2) on the five-point Likert scale. ChatGPT’s nutritional analysis underestimated calories by 36% (95% CI: 44-88%), protein by 28% (25-167%), fat 48% (29-81%), phosphorus 54% (15-102%), potassium 49% (40-68%), and sodium 53% (14-139%). The nutritional analysis of online available recipes differed only by 0 to 35%. The translations were rated as reliable by native speakers (4 on the five-point Likert scale). ConclusionWhile ChatGPT-4 shows promise in providing personalized nutritional guidance for diverse dialysis patients, improvements are necessary. This study highlights the importance of thorough qualitative and quantitative evaluation of AI-generated content, especially regarding medical use cases.

Preliminary Study on Pulse-Based Snack “Vadai” Reducing Postprandial Glycaemic Response in Healthy Malaysian Adults

Snack consumption contributes significantly to daily energy and nutrient intake. Low glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) snacks help modulate postprandial glucose (PPG) rise in prediabetes and diabetes. Masala Vadai (MS) and Medu Vadai (MD) are traditional Indian snacks made from pulses, where their GI and GL values and the effect on PPG remain unexplored. In this randomised cross-over trial, healthy adults (n=13, 19-30 years old, 22.3±2.3 kg/m2) consumed either MS, MD, or glucose solution as reference food (RF) containing 12.5g of available carbohydrate on three occasions with one week apart between each test. Capillary blood was measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes to calculate incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and to estimate the GI. The results showed that when compared to RF, MD but not MS had significantly lower iAUC at 30-min (p=0.013) and 45-min (p=0.001). Both snacks had low peak blood glucose (p&lt;0.001) and incremental peak blood glucose (p&lt;0.001), wherein MD exhibited a more delayed effect than MS. However, time to peak blood glucose did not differ between the test foods and RF. MD and MS had low-medium GI (MD=47, MS=63) and low GL (MD=6, MS=8), respectively. In conclusion, MD attenuated PPG significantly more than MS in comparison to glucose solution, offering an advantage of glycaemic control. Even within similar pulse-based snacks, the GI value is important in influencing PPG. These findings will add to the GI compendium for Asian foods and will be useful to healthcare professionals in providing sound nutritional advice.

A case of concurrent malnutrition in maple syrup urine disease: challenges and solutions in Indonesia

BackgroundMaple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterised by the impaired breakdown of branched-chain amino acids. Detecting MSUD in newborns is challenging due to the lack of distinctive signs, especially in resource-limited settings like Indonesia.Case presentationA 2-year-old boy presented to the paediatric metabolic clinic with inactivity, a history of uncontrolled epilepsy, global developmental delay and moderate malnutrition. He was born at 40 weeks of gestation, weighing 3100 g, to consanguineous parents. The patient faced feeding problems and was lethargic after birth, with recurrent episodes of generalised seizure and spasticity. Diagnosed with MSUD at four months, the initial response to thiamine supplementation and MSUD Anamix formula was positive. However, weight loss occurred after switching to unregulated family food, as MSUD-specific infant formula became inaccessible and unsustainable due to high costs for the caregivers. Upon compliance with nutritional advice, the child regained weight and progressed appropriately for his age.ConclusionInborn errors of metabolism like MSUD should be considered in atypical disease presentations. In resource-limited settings, management should be tailored to local product availability and accessibility to ensure effective care.

What nutrition advice is freely available for gymnasts, coaches and parents on their member National Governing Body webpages?

The purpose of this content analysis was to ascertain what nutrition advice or information is freely available on a global scale through each National Governing Body (NGB) webpage. In total, 52 NGBs and the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG) were identified based on the FIG November 2022 world rankings for both male and female athletes in all disciplines. Concluding observations were that publicly available nutrition advice is limited across the global gymnastics platforms. Conflicting advice was also identified within some organisations surrounding the weighing of gymnasts for hydration purposes and some macronutrient discrepancies thus, potentially impacting the clarity of the message for the reader. Based on this content analysis recommendations for future practice include providing clarity and provision of tools to measure hydration, dietary recommendations should be clear and specific, and a more centralised approach to standardise advice and publicly available information.

Dietary intake and related factors in inpatient pressure ulcer patients at Ho Chi Minh City Hospital Rehabilitation – Professional Diseases

A cross-sectional study was undertaken from February to May 2023 at the Ho Chi Minh City Hospital Rehabilitation – Professional Diseases to describe dietary intake and related factors in inpatient pressure ulcer patients at Ho Chi Minh City Hospital Rehabilitation – Professional Diseases. The findings indicated that the dietary consumption of these patients was below the advised nutritional standards, with an average energy intake of 1406.6 kcal/day. Among the patients participating in the study, 11.3% met the recommended requirements, and 23.9% exceeded the recommended requirements. Among the nutrients analyzed, lipids had the highest compliance with recommended levels at 22.5%, while zinc was the least compliant at only 1.4%. Vitamins C, E, and K were notably below the recommended intake levels. Significant variances were observed in the intake of vitamin E across different age groups and vitamin B1 in relation to receiving nutritional counseling (p &lt; 0.05). The study also identified significant differences in nutrient intake among different BMI-based nutritional status groups, particularly in fiber, vitamin B1, B2, B9, and C intake (p&lt;0.05). Given the direct impact of dietary intake on the progression of disease, hospitalization costs, and treatment success, conducting dietary assessments emerges as a crucial step for nutritional advice and enhancing adherence to dietary guidelines among patients. The study underscores the 24 hour recall method is a valuable tool for assessing dietary intake in individuals suffering from pressure ulcers.

Update on Nutritional Advice Post-Heart Transplant: A Cross-Sectional Study across French-Speaking European Centers.

Heart transplantation is the standard treatment for severe heart failure. Graft preservation and infectious risk secondary to immunosuppressive drugs lead healthcare teams to offer nutritional advice to patients upon discharge from the hospital. However, no consensus or recommendation is available. We conducted a study to review the practices in all 26 centers providing heart transplantation in French-speaking Europe. We requested and analyzed the written documents these centers provided to their patients. The same two dieticians categorized the highlighted pieces of advice into distinct, autonomous categories. We identified 116 pieces of advice, categorized into three areas: dietary restrictions for immunosuppressant/food interaction; environmental and food preparation guidelines and prevention of foodborne infections; and healthy and active lifestyle recommendations. Except for advice on immunosuppressant/food interaction, over one-third of the centers suggest discontinuing advice within 2 years post-transplant. General dietary advice covers lipids, carbohydrates, protein, calcium, sodium, and fiber but offers limited guidance on fatty acids despite their importance in cardiovascular risk prevention. This study represents a pioneering exploration of the nutritional advice provided to patients following cardiac transplantation. It underscores the critical necessity of establishing consensus-based clinical guidelines in this domain.

Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Advice and a Combined Approach for Addressing Impending Stunting in Infants: A Clinical Trial.

Weight faltering (WF) has been associated with stunting and with long-term adverse consequences for health and development. Nutritional care for managing WF may consist of giving nutritional advice (NA) and/or provision of oral nutrition supplements (ONSs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate practical management options in the community for infants with WF aged 6-12 months. This nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted in the community of Makassar, South Sulawesi, from March 2022 to March 2023. A total of 1013 infants were enrolled for screening. Anthropometric measures were performed in 913 infants, of which 170 showed WF below the 15th percentile of the WHO weight increment table without stunting. Infants with a weight increment below P5th were assigned to receive NA plus ONS, while infants between P5th and below P15th were assigned to receive only NA. At the second and third months, ONSs were administered to WF infants who were below P15th. One month after the intervention, 87/105 infants in the NA-plus-ONS group (82.8%) and 52/65 infants in the NA-only group (80%) were no longer WF. After 3 months, infants in the NA-plus-ONS group achieved greater weight gain than infants in the NA group (264.1 g vs. 137.4 g, p < 0.001) as well as greater length gain (2.35 cm vs. 2.14 cm, p < 0.001). WF management should be started at below P15th to achieve a better result. Infants with greater nutritional deficits should be assigned to receive the combination of NA plus ONSs to achieve a higher rate of resolution of growth.

Canadian Midwives' Experiences with Nutrition in Their Training and Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Midwives are primary prenatal care providers well-positioned to offer nutrition advice to pregnant individuals; however, no Canadian study has assessed midwives' experience with nutrition education. The objective of this study was to investigate Canadian midwives' experiences with nutrition in their practice, their level of nutrition education, and their recommendations on select nutrition topics. This cross-sectional study used an anonymous online survey consisting of 4 sections: demographics, opinions on the importance of nutrition, nutrition recommendations for pregnancy, and nutrition topics that midwives would like more information on. Responses were recorded using Likert-type scales, multiple choice, or open-ended questions. Eligible participants, registered Canadian midwives, were recruited through advertisements in e-newsletters via national and provincial midwifery associations, social media posts, and emails to midwifery clinics. An independent samples t test compared differences in means for continuous outcomes, the χ2 test compared categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney U test compared ordinal variables. A P <.05 was considered statistically significant. In total, 161 midwives completed the online survey. Most midwives (92.5%) indicated that nutrition for pregnancy was important, and 83.2% believed their role in providing nutrition information to pregnant women was important. Almost two-thirds (63.8%) of midwives received nutrition education. Comfort levels were highest (median = 4) when providing nutrition advice on healthy eating, weight gain, Listeria, anemia, heartburn, safe food handling, nutrition for breastfeeding, and weight gain for women with obesity. Almost all the midwives (99.4%) had provided nutrition information to pregnant women, and 85.2% of their recommendations aligned with Canadian guidelines and literature. Canadian midwives valued the importance of nutrition during pregnancy and their role in providing nutrition information to pregnant women. The level of comfort in advising on nutrition ranged from uncomfortable to very comfortable depending on the topic, and most (85.2%) of their advice aligned with Canadian guidelines and relevant literature.

Clinical and surgical physician’s perception of nutrition knowledge

BackgroundDue to the significant increase in the prevalence of food-related diseases, the value that physicians place on nutritional advice may have implications for patient treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of the importance of nutritional intervention among physicians in the Universidad San Francisco de Quito’s (USFQ) healthcare system.MethodsThis cross-sectional study employed a telephone survey administered to a subset of all medical doctors (MDs) working in the healthcare system clinics of USFQ between 2021 and 2022. Study participants were recruited through voluntary response sample from a complete list of 253 MD. The single time questionnaire consisted of a 22-item validated survey in which attitudes, self-perceived capacity, and knowledge about nutrition ofmedical doctors were evaluated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-sided t test, bivariate associations and linear and logistic regressions.Results136 MDs completed the survey yielding a response rate of 54%. Our analysis grouped participants into clinical (CE) and non-clinical specialties, hereafter referred to as surgical MDs. While a higher percentage of physicians in CE are confident in their ability to provide examples of recommended food portions based on national or international guidelines, 1 in 10 do not know how to use and interpret BMI or waist circumference, and around 1 in 3 do not know how many calories there are in one gram of fat, protein, or carbohydrates, and their basic metabolic functions. Almost all survey participants believe MDs can have an impact on the eating behavior of a patient if time is used to discuss the problem, however, almost half of survey participants believe nutrition counseling is not an effective use of time.ConclusionIt is important to explore the perceptions and self-confidence of physicians around nutrition related issues. Our results demonstrated that nearly 1 in 4 surgical MDs do not feel capable of recognizing nutritional risk in patients, which highlights the essentiality of physicians having an updated understanding of basic nutrition principles. Future research should examine how commonly MDs refer patients to nutritionists/dietitians, as well as strategies for improving physician knowledge on basic nutrition concepts.

Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Determinants in Kashan, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Dietary patterns (DPs) are a combination of nutrients which are determined through feeding behaviors of a particular population. Paying attention to DPs gives us a good picture of the diet and eating habits of people in the community. DPs help identify people at risk of chronic nutrition-related illnesses and give them nutritional advice. In the present study, the authors determine the DPs of people in Kashan city, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the DPs of the Kashan population from September 2019 to March 2020. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect sociodemographic and dietary data. Then, DPs were assessed using principal component analysis. Results: The results showed that the average consumption of food items in cereals and products based on cereals, fruits and fruit products, vegetables and their products, meat and meat products, and milk and dairy products were 282.38±65.71, 287.58±8.89, 364.17±21.05, 34.48±3.81, and 456.65±39.16 g/day, respectively. The identified DPs included: 1) Unhealthy and processed, 2) fruit and fruit-based products, 3) Kashan traditional food, 4) Healthy diet, and 5) Mixed diet. Conclusion: Findings of the present study reveal that sociodemographic factors and lifestyle are associated with food choices. In addition, the authors found the low consumption of grains, fruits, vegetables, and meat and their products in the studied population. The researchers call for nutritional interventions to modify the consumption pattern for these food items.

Homocysteine, blood pressure and gene–diet interactions in relation to vascular function measures of black South Africans

Background and AimsWe investigated circulating homocysteine (Hcy), a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, examining its dietary associations to provide personalized nutrition advice. This study addressed the inadequacy of current dietary interventions to ultimately address the disproportionately high incidence of CVD in Black populations. Methods and Results: Cross-sectional analyses of 1,867 Black individuals of the PURE-SA study allowed the identification of dietary intake and cardiovascular measure interactions on three sub-categories: (1) normal blood pressure (BP), hypertension or Hcy-related hypertension (H-type), (2) low, normal or high Hcy concentrations, and (3) Hcy-related genetic combinations. Favorable body composition, but adverse dietary intake and cardiovascular determinants, were observed in higher Hcy categories. H-types, compared to regular hypertensives, had higher alcohol and lower macronutrient and micronutrient consumption. Inverse associations with carotid-radial pulse wave velocity were evident between monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) consumption and H-type hypertension as well as polyunsaturated FA and CBS883/ins68 TT carriers. Energy intake was positively associated with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in variant CBST883C/ins68 and CBS9276 GG carriers. VCAM-1 was also positively associated with plant protein intake in CBS9276 GG and MTR2756 AA carriers and negatively with total protein intake and CBS9276 GG carriers. Alcohol intake was positively associated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in MTR2756 minor allele carriers. Conclusion: Because Hcy gene-diet interactions are evident, personalized nutrition, by adjusting diets based on genetic profiles (e.g., CBS and MTR variations) and dietary interactions (e.g., FAs and proteins), can enhance cardiovascular outcomes by managing Hcy and related hypertension in genetically susceptible individuals.

Commentary: Evaluating the sources and types of dietary and nutritional advice for patients with Alopecia Areata.

Commentary: Evaluating the sources and types of dietary and nutritional advice for patients with Alopecia Areata.

Evaluation of the compliance of diet plans and nutritional advice generated by artificial intelligence with guidelines for cardiac patients

Abstract Introduction In response to the increasing demand for personalization in cardiac dietetics, tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) are gaining popularity. We assess the compliance of AI-generated nutritional advice and diet plans with current dietary standards. Objective The study aims to evaluate whether nutritional advice and diet plans created by AI for heart disease patients align with the recommended caloric intake and macronutrient ratios, based on current dietary guidelines. Methods Using selected AI tools, nutritional advice and diet plans were generated for defined dietary scenarios corresponding to specific cardiac diagnoses. The analysis included assessing the caloric content and macronutrient composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates) compared to current guidelines. Results The analysis showed that the majority of the AI-generated diet plans and nutritional advice were compliant with dietary recommendations, with an &amp;gt;75% compliance rate for caloric content and macronutrient ratios. However, instances of non-compliance were discovered, suggesting a need for further adjustment of AI algorithms. Conclusions AI tools demonstrate potential in creating personalized diet plans for cardiac patients but require optimization to fully meet current dietary guidelines. The study highlights the importance of integrating dietary knowledge into the design process of AI tools, which is crucial for providing high-quality nutritional support.

Why are clams steamed with wine in Mediterranean cuisine?

Wine is renowned for its rich content of polyphenols, including resveratrol (Res), known for their health promoting properties. Steamed clam with wine, a popular Mediterranean delicacy that highlights the role of wine as a key ingredient. However, despite these benefits, resveratrol’s low bioavailability poses challenges. Could the process of steaming together with clam alter the digestive fate of resveratrol from wine? This study explores the potential of proteoglycan-based nanoparticles from freshwater clam (CFNPs) as a delivery vehicle for enhancing the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol, compared with wine and free Res’ solution, aiming to elucidate mechanisms facilitating Res’ absorption. The results demonstrated that CFNPs can effectively encapsulate Res with an efficiency over 70%, leading to a uniform particle size of 70.5±0.1 nm (PDI < 0.2). Resveratrol loaded in CFNPs (CFNPs-Res) exhibited an improved antioxidant stability under various conditions, retaining over 90% of antioxidant capacity after three-day storage at room temperature. The controlled-release profile of Res loaded in CFNPs fits both first and Higuchi order kinetics and was more desirable than that of wine and the free Res. Examined by the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, CFNPs-Res showed a significantly higher bioaccessibility and antioxidant retention compared to free Res and the wines. The discovery and use of food derived nanoparticles to carry micronutrients and antioxidants could lead to a shift in functional food design and nutritional advice, advocating much more attention on these entities over solely conventional molecules.

AI showdown: info accuracy on protein quality content in foods from ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, bard AI and bing chat

PurposeThis study aims to assess the effectiveness of different AI models in accurately aggregating information about the protein quality (PQ) content of food items using four artificial intelligence (AI) models -– ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, Bard AI and Bing Chat.Design/methodology/approachA total of 22 food items, curated from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) report, were input into each model. These items were characterised by their PQ content according to the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS).FindingsBing Chat was the most accurate AI assistant with a mean accuracy rate of 63.6% for all analyses, followed by ChatGPT 4 with 60.6%. ChatGPT 4 (Cohen’s kappa: 0.718, p < 0.001) and ChatGPT 3.5 (Cohen’s kappa: 0.636, p: 0.002) showed substantial agreement between baseline and 2nd analysis, whereas they showed a moderate agreement between baseline and 3rd analysis (Cohen’s kappa: 0.538, p: 0.011 for ChatGPT 4 and Cohen’s kappa: 0.455, p: 0.030 for ChatGPT 3.5).Originality/valueThis study provides an initial insight into how emerging AI models assess and classify nutrient content pertinent to nutritional knowledge. Further research into the real-world implementation of AI for nutritional advice is essential as the technology develops.