Nutrition Professionals Research Articles

RETRACTED: Application of iot medical image detection and prenatal genetic testing in obstetric clinic

The use of new techniques and methods can be significantly improved during prenatal examination and screening of fetal genetic abnormalities. Expanding the number of vectors in screening and screening for single-cell gene diseases in fetal DNA will increase the probability of success of the whole screening test.Recently, sub chromosomal abnormalities have been introduced into prenatal care. The lack of suitable tools makes it very difficult to obtain information about collection, management, and prenatal genetic testing. The purpose of this study is to improve the accessibility of nutritional information by using the advantages of advanced medical image detection and integrating the IoT (Internet of Things) and prenatal genetic testing platforms in obstetric outpatient clinics. Records are kept that the platform will allow IoT to interact with sensor practitioners and provide immediate access to medical images prior to delivery. This proposed system provides an IoT application for managing obstetric outpatient information and prenatal genetic testing requirements. The requirement for establishment is the realization of the development of an IoT platform for complete medical image detection information management with IoT input required for integration with existing medical information systems. In response, the purpose of the study is to use integrated IoT applications to help nutrition professionals, researchers, patients, and especially mothers, to enhance their collection of medical imaging and prenatal genetic testing IoT sensor based information transfer.

Managing the Quality of Concentrated Kissels for Professional Nutrition

The article studies criteria of managing the quality of kissels for professional nutrition: organoleptic factors, structure and properties of dehydrated packed half-finished products for making functional drinks and desserts (kissels with various taste-aromatic features). Taking into account the problem of healthy nutrition, including production of vitaminous food the authors underline the importance of functional properties, which are stipulated by inclusion of vitamin preparations or composites that are resistant to thermal treatment. The authors studied certain indicators of quality – sensory and rheological ones as the most sensitive to technological factors. After analyzing theoretical aspects of managing the quality of products and experimental data recommendations were prepared for using the product in nutrition of social contingents, workers of enterprises with harmful working conditions, lecturers and students of higher education institutions. The methods can be applied in technological monitoring of quality of catering products. Desserts and vitaminous (functional) drinks can be sold in a traditional way or by vending machines.

Impact of Diabetes Prevention Guideline Adoption on Health Outcomes: A Pragmatic Implementation Trial

Limited research exists to evaluate nutrition guideline impact on clinical practice and patient health outcomes. In this study we investigate (1) the impact of guideline training on the implementation of the diabetes prevention Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guideline (EBNPG), and (2) the relationship between EBNPG congruence and resulting health outcomes in patients with prediabetes. We conducted an implementation study in which registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) provided nutrition care with 3-month follow-up to 102 pre-diabetes patients before and after a professional training on the implementation of the Diabetes Prevention EBNPG. Using the RDNs' Nutrition Care Process (NCP) documentation, we measured percent guideline congruence and health outcomes (body weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin), and modeled health outcomes. Guideline congruence improved after training by 4.3% (P < 0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between guideline training, or guideline congruence and health outcomes. Our model showed a reduction in waist circumference (2.1 ± 0.92 cm; P= 0.023), and body weight (-1.78 ± 0.55 kg; P= 0.001) throughout the course of the study. Training of nutrition professionals improved congruence to EBNPG for Diabetes Prevention. Nevertheless, improved guideline congruence did not impact related health outcomes. Standard care including nutrition intervention resulted in body weight and waist circumference reductions. Future research needs to further address the impact of evidence-based guidelines on outcomes in all areas of practice.

Revising the Academy’s Research Priorities: Methods of the Research Priorities and Strategies Development Task Force, 2017-2019

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, as the largest member-based nutrition organization in the world, is dedicated to advancing the world of nutrition and dietetics through research. It is essential for the Academy to identify both current and future research priorities for nutrition and dietetics professionals. To address this, the Academy convened a task force charged with developing research priorities relevant for its members. Specifically, it would define key issues of the nutrition and dietetics profession going into the second century and identify relevant research topics and questions related to the defined issues. The task force leveraged multiple data sources to develop the research priorities. These data sources included existing interviews from a previous Academy event (Nutrition Impact Summit) held in 2016 and answers from an Academy Member Engagement Zone survey. This led to the development of draft research priorities that were included in a more extensive survey e-mailed to all Academy members. Results of this member-wide survey, in addition to multiple stakeholder checks, informed the final Academy research priorities. Thirteen final priorities were established across 4 domains: nutrition-related discovery, clinical nutrition research, implementation science, and public health. These priorities have relevance for all nutrition and dietetics professionals across diverse areas of practice and will be used internally to prioritize research efforts, inform the allocation of resources across Academy units, and guide Academy advocacy for national nutrition research agendas and initiatives. This article will summarize the task force’s updated research priorities and detail the 9-step process used to generate them.

School Nutrition Professionals’ Employee Safety Experiences During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic

ObjectiveTo explore the real-time personal/employee safety experiences and perspectives of school nutrition professionals ranging from frontline staff to state leadership across the US as they responded to the initial weeks of the coronavirus pandemic. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was administered electronically March 31–April 20, 2020, to school nutrition staff, managers, directors, and state agency personnel. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a thematic analysis of an open-ended item was conducted. ResultsSchool nutrition professionals (n = 504) from 47 states responded. Most (86.6%) reported that ensuring employee safety was somewhat or much more difficult during the pandemic, and they were unaware of an emergency plan. Themes from open-ended responses regarding employee safety concerns included, exposure and transmission risk, processes, and personal concerns. Conclusions and ImplicationsAttention to the safety and concerns of school nutrition employees is vital for continuation of these programs during this pandemic and for future emergency situations.

Fruit Myth or Fact

The purpose of this article is to address the myth that fresh fruit is nutritionally superior to unsweetened frozen and canned fruits. The results show that fresh fruit and unsweetened frozen and unsweetened canned fruits are similar in nutrient content. Canned, frozen, and fresh fruits retain similar levels of nutrients; therefore, all 3 forms can be used to help consumers reach recommended intakes of fruit. Nutrition professionals may help Americans improve fruit and nutrient intake by encouraging all 3 forms of fruit.

Classificação de alimentos NOVA: comparação do conhecimento de estudantes ingressantes e concluintes de um curso de Nutrição

Introdução: A segunda edição do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira utiliza a classificação NOVA de alimentos nas recomendações para uma alimentação saudável. Essa classificação, portanto, desempenha importante papel na formação de nutricionistas. Objetivo: Comparar o conhecimento da classificação NOVA de alimentos entre estudantes ingressantes e concluintes de Nutrição. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 2016 com estudantes ingressantes e concluintes de um curso de Nutrição do Mato Grosso do Sul. Questionário contendo 30 alimentos foi aplicado com estudantes que os classificaram em: in natura ou minimamente processado, ingrediente culinário processado, processado ou ultraprocessado. O conhecimento foi avaliado por meio de escore de classificações corretas, global e por grupo alimentar. Para análise comparativa, foi utilizado teste U de Mann-Whitney (significância p≤0,05). Resultados: Participaram 69 estudantes (64% ingressantes). O escore global de classificações corretas foi significativamente maior (p=0,000) nos concluintes (mediana=17) comparado aos ingressantes (mediana=14). O escore de classificações corretas entre ingressantes e concluintes apresentou diferenças significativas para todos os grupos alimentares, excetuando ingredientes culinários (p=0,117). Entre todos estudantes, o grupo ingrediente culinário obteve o menor percentual de acertos (24,1%), e ultraprocessado, obteve o maior percentual (77,8%). Conclusão: Apesar do maior conhecimento dos concluintes em relação aos ingressantes, identificou-se um conhecimento insatisfatório sobre a classificação NOVA em ambos. É importante garantir o aprendizado de estudantes de Nutrição quanto à NOVA, uma vez que esta classificação é central na orientação nutricional da população brasileira e, portanto, passa a ser ferramenta fundamental na atuação do profissional nutricionista.

Athlete perspectives on the enablers and barriers to nutritional adherence in high-performance sport

ObjectivesPoor adherence to nutritional guidance by athletes may compromise their health and performance. Enhancing adherence is therefore an important performance and welfare strategy. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the barriers and enablers of elite athletes' adherence to nutritional guidelines. DesignUnderpinned by our constructionist epistemological position and our relativist ontology, we conducted a qualitative study using focus groups. MethodsWe used the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to conduct focus group discussions with a purposive sample of 39 UK-based funded athletes (mean age = 23 ± 3.81), participating in either Olympic and Paralympic sport (n = 30) or professional sport (n = 9), who had access to a nutritionist. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsAthlete adherence to nutritional guidance was seasonal and included inadequate energy intakes and episodes of binge eating. Underpinning these behaviours, athletes' emotional barriers (motivation) are reinforced through their social interactions within the high-performance environment (opportunity) and athletes' training environment limits developmental opportunities for food planning (capability). However, a holistic-developmental approach by the sports nutritionists (opportunity) supports athlete wellbeing and nutritional adherence. ConclusionThese findings advance theoretical understanding of the barriers and enablers of nutritional adherence amongst elite-level athletes in high-performance sport and present a number of significant implications for athlete support personnel seeking to enhance performance in demanding sporting contexts. Drawing on the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), recommendations include the need to 1) train and educate sports nutritionists in human behaviour, 2) update regulations for sports nutrition profession practice to acknowledge the skills required to support athletes' emotional wellbeing, 3), educate coaches on the sensitivity of body weight and composition and develop guidelines for monitoring athletes' body weight and composition in sport, 4) persuade influential leaders to develop culture guidelines that shift the performance-narrative of high-performance (i.e., environmental restructuring).

Research, development and capacity building for food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa

This paper focuses on research, development, and capacity building in relation to food and nutrition security (FNS) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It looks at human capacity, education, teaching and learning, women empowerment, research, innovation and technology, research, indigenous knowledge (IK), institutional aspects, infrastructure, information and communication technologies (ICT), policies and finance. Professional bodies exist in many countries and the extent to which they engage in FNS awareness creation differs. Food and nutrition insecurity continues to affect people in Africa’s 54 nations where the population is expected to double by 2050 with the expected doubling of food production to keep pace with population growth. Within the continent there is a substantial number of human capacity professionals who are global leaders in food, nutrition and related professions. Some research organisations in the continent directly or indirectly benefit from grants administered by developed economies but a challenge exists with brain drain and ageing of qualified and experienced experts. Increasing educational need, coupled with the growing population necessitates attention to ensuring a sustained supply of highly trained, adequately equipped and qualified professionals in the relevant fields of food and nutrition sciences. Higher educational institutions exist in especially those that fall within the 500 in world universities ranking. Research activities take place in the continent along with the translation of research outputs into commercialisable products. Research towards transforming agriculture for improved livelihoods is taking place in different parts of the continent. Education, governance, gender and rural development are the key challenges. Income growth and the impacts of climate change on food production have contributed to food insecurity. ICTs can play an important role for FNS. Strengthening research, development, capacity building and industry cooperation are critical for FNS in Africa.

Papel do nutricionista em uma equipe de saúde hospitalar multiprofissional: percepção e expectativas de seus integrantes

Introduction: Most of the individuals admitted to the hospital need nutritional assistance, aiming to prevent or treat malnutrition, infectious and non-infectious complications from treatment and illness. In this perspective, the objective of this study was to know the perception, as well as to instigate the professionals of the multiprofessional health team of the medical and surgical clinics of a regional public hospital in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, about the role and importance of the clinical nutritionist in multiprofessional care for hospitalized patients. Methods: It is an intervention study, based on the model of action-research. carried out with a multiprofessional health team linked to the medical and surgical clinics of a regional hospital in Pernambuco. It was developed in 3 stages: creation of a dichotomous questionnaire based on a dialogue about the experience of clinical nutritionists at the hospital; application of a questionnaire to the health team in loco; and conducting conversation circles based on previous analysis of the questionnaires. Results: Participated in the second stage 56 professional among these, 44 females and 12 males. The analysis of the questionnaires applied to the multiprofessional team revealed that 55,36% did not know about the existence of a nutritionist from another area of activity in the hospital; 33,93% never requested an opinion from the clinical nutritionist; and 66.08% of professionals were unaware of the flow of the Nutrition Service so that the diet reached the patient. Participated in the third stage 41 professional, with the exception of doctors and occupational therapists. Conclusions: Bearing in mind that the theme food and nutrition is not restricted only to the professional nutritionist and the current scenario of morbidity and mortality and its relationship with eating habits, it becomes clear the need for more interventions focused on this theme in order that the other professionals know or improve their knowledge in search of more effective and humanized care.

Challenges in recruitment and adherence to a randomized clinical trial in Brazil on the effects of transcutaneous nervous electrical stimulation on individuals with peripheral arterial disease: A feasibility study

Describe the feasibility, barriers during the recruitment and intervention period, recruitment rate (success and efficiency), and the level of participation and adherence in the randomized clinical trial to verify the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the symptoms of intermittent claudication (IC) and its repercussions on functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular autonomic function in individuals with sta II Fontaine classification, residing in Brazil. Prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Level secondary. A total of 63 participants were screened, of which 12.6% were included. Eight individuals with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and IC underwent a protocol that lasted 8weeks. The experimental group received 45minutes TENS 10Hz, followed by 30minutes of aerobic exercise, and the control group received a placebo TENS also followed by 30minutes of exercise. Incremental walking test, gait impairment questionnaire, treadmill test, heart rate variability, and 4-second test were applied, considering adherence, success, and efficiency. The most efficient recruitment sources were as follows: 1) referral by physician and 2) referral by a physiotherapist. Out of 63 participants, 8 (12.6%) were included in the clinical trial. Participants were excluded due to the following reasons: not meeting the criteria (41 participants (65%)), locomotion (6 participants (9.5%)), transportation (5 participants (7.9%)), work release (1 participant (1.6%)), and interest (2 participants (3.2%)). The overall participation was 99 participants (51.6%) in a total of 192 sessions offered. It was not possible to succeed in recruitment and adherence rates. The results of this clinical trial reinforce that PAD is neglected, and strategies including a multidisciplinary approach with the effective participation of nursing, physiotherapy, medicine, and nutrition professionals, are necessary to optimize care for individuals with PAD need to be strengthened. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8RTZFN).

Client experiences and confidence in nutrition advice delivered by registered exercise professionals

ObjectivesThe aims of this cross-sectional study were to describe the client experiences of registered exercise professionals (REP) in regard to nutrition advice, and to identify factors considered important when selecting a REP. DesignA convenience sample of fitness facility-users were recruited. Participants completed a 46 item online questionnaire. MethodFrequency distributions were calculated for nutrition advice received from a REP, confidence in the nutrition advice received, and factors considered when selecting a REP. The effect of sex and level of education on participant responses were investigated. ResultsA total of 455 individuals participated, of which 55.6% had worked with a REP. Participants working with a REP had received nutrition advice on body fat loss (77.4%), muscle gain (78.7%), and clinical nutrition (51.9%). Sex and level of education did not influence confidence in nutrition advice, with 60.7% of participants reporting being ‘very or extremely confident’ in the nutrition advice. Over half of participants (58.3%) prefer to work with a REP who offers nutrition advice. Basic and personal professional conduct were identified as ‘very or extremely important’ by >70% of participants when selecting a REP. ConclusionClients of REP prefer to work with a REP who provides nutrition advice and are generally confident in this advice. Educating fitness facility-users on the nutrition scope of practice of REP and promoting the role of accredited nutrition professionals should be advocated. Encouraging REP to work collaboratively with nutrition professionals will help ensure clients receive appropriate nutrition care, while better allowing REP to remain within their scope of practice.

ANÁLISE DAS NOTIFICAÇÕES SOBRE OS SERVIÇOS DE NUTRIÇÃO EM UM HOSPITAL DO OESTE DO PARANÁ

Analisou-se as notificações relacionados ao serviço de nutrição e dietética de um hospital no Oeste do Paraná. Captou-se documentos registrados para o setor de nutrição e dietética a partir do ano de 2011 á 2020. Os documentos foram organizados por ano, analisados e discriminados de acordo com sua especificidade (elogios, notificações ou reclamação). Tabulou-se 306 documentos diante os períodos 2011 á 2020, com uma prevalência para o ano de 2018 (25,2%), tendo um aumento diagnosticado entre os anos de 2014 a 2015 (7,9 %) e diminuição progressiva de notificações de 2018 e 2019 (5%). Em primeira posição, destacou-se erro de dieta, falha de isolamento, falta de suprimentos, falta de comunicação e refeição de paciente e funcionários. As notificações hospitalares, recebidas de maneira espontânea e anônima, são uma importante fonte de informação e evidenciam a grandeza do problema relacionado aos incidentes e conformidades gerados pelo serviço de nutrição.

Applying Principles from Prevention and Implementation Sciences to Optimize the Dissemination of Family Feeding Interventions.

Because families are the primary food socialization agent for children, they are a key target for nutrition interventions promoting healthy eating development. Although researchers and clinicians have developed and tested successful family nutrition interventions, few have gained widespread dissemination. Prevention and implementation science disciplines can inform the design, testing, and dissemination of feeding interventions to advance the goals of widespread adoption and population health impact. We review concepts and frameworks from prevention science and dissemination and implementation (D&I) research that are useful to consider in designing, implementing, and evaluating feeding interventions. Risk and protective factor frameworks, types of translation processes, and implementation dimensions are explained. Specifically, we address how research–practice partnerships can reduce time to dissemination, how designing for modularity can allow for contextual adaptation, how articulating core components can strengthen fidelity and guide adaptation, and how establishing technical assistance infrastructure supports these processes. Finally, we review strategies for building capacity in D&I research and practice for nutrition professionals. In sum, the research and knowledge bases from prevention and implementation sciences offer guidance on designing and delivering family interventions in ways that maximize the potential for their broad dissemination, reducing time to translation and optimizing interventions for real-world settings.

Hormone therapy, health outcomes and the role of nutrition in transgender individuals: A scoping review

The objective of this scoping review is to describe the extent, range, and nature of available literature examining nutrition-related intermediate and long-term health outcomes in individuals who are transgender. Specific sub-topics examined include 1) dietary intake, 2) nutrition-related health disparities, 3) validity and reliability of nutrition assessment methods, 4) the effects of nutrition interventions/exposures, and 5) hormone therapy. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and other databases for peer-reviewed articles published from January 1999 until December 5, 2019 to identify studies addressing the research objective and meeting eligibility criteria. Conference abstracts and registered trials published or registered in the five years prior to the search were also included. Findings were reported in a study characteristics table, a bubble chart and heat maps. The search of the databases identified 5403 studies, including full peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews, conference abstracts and registered trials. Following title/abstract screening, 189 studies were included in the narrative analysis. Ten studies reported dietary intake in transgender individuals, 64 studies reported nutrition-related health disparities in transgender compared to cisgender individuals, one study examined validity and reliability of nutrition assessment methods, two studies reported nutrition interventions, and 127 studies reported on the intermediate and health effects of hormone therapy. Individuals who are transgender have unique nutrition needs, which may vary according to the stage and type of gender-affirmative therapy that they are undergoing. There is scant research examining effective nutrition therapy methods for nutrition professionals working with transgender individuals. More research is needed in order to inform evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for nutrition practitioners working with transgender individuals.

Aplicação de uma planilha de controle de estoque em uma unidade de alimentação e nutrição

Introdução: O profissional nutricionista tem, entre suas atribuições, o planejamento de cardápios e o controle de estoque. Dentre as inúmeras atividades inerentes ao setor de alimentação coletiva, a importância da gestão de suprimentos pode passar despercebida e acarretar problemas na execução dos cardápios, gerando monotonia nos mesmos. Assim, ferramentas de controle são necessárias, visto que a monotonia alimentar pode acarretar problemas à saúde dos usuários. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar a elaboração e implantação de uma planilha de controle de estoque em uma unidade de alimentação e nutrição (UAN) de uma instituição de ensino superior pública. Métodos: O trabalho foi desenvolvido e executado no Restaurante Universitário da Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, localizada no distrito de Jundiaí, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, com levantamento das fichas de controle. Resultados: O produto deste trabalho foi uma planilha no formato Excel® para controle dos gêneros alimentícios secos do estoque. Observou-se que, além de controlar a entrada e a saída dos gêneros, a planilha auxiliou na tomada de decisão de compra e reabastecimento de suprimentos. Conclusão: Diante dos objetivos almejados, a planilha foi desenvolvida e aplicada com êxito, alcançando a finalidade esperada pelo serviço.Palavras-chave: Alimentação coletiva. Estoque de segurança. Gestão de suprimentos.

Designing a Journal Club for Nutrition and Dietetics Undergraduate Students

This paper examines the development of a voluntary nutrition journal club to introduce undergraduate students to key concepts regarding critical reading of research articles in the nutrition profession. A nutrition faculty member and a librarian collaborated to establish and teach a journal club at the University of Akron. Twenty-three students attended the five sessions scheduled during the fall semesters from 2016 to 2018. Activities involved identifying common elements of primary research articles and evaluating articles using a modified guideline. Student assessments were positive. Limitations of reviewing articles, and overviews of the Institutional Review Board process and evidence-based practice are discussed.

Nutritional knowledge of youth academy athletes

BackgroundYouth athletes are under increasing pressures to excel in their chosen sport and many turn to nutritional supplements in order to enhance sports performance. However, athletes may obtain their nutritional information via illegitimate sources such as the internet, media, and other athletes, representing miscommunication between sound scientific information and anecdotal experiences. The objective of this investigation was to examine nutrition knowledge of elite youth athletes from a non-residential regional academy of sport.MethodsA previously validated two-part nutrition knowledge questionnaire (NKQ) was administered to 101 (37 male and 64 female) non-residential regional Academy of Sport elite youth athletes at an annual training camp. Part 1 of the NKQ presented demographic questions. Part 2 presented 90 sports nutrition knowledge questions in seven knowledge subcategories (1) Nutrients; (2) Dietary reference intakes (DRI); (3) Fluids/Hydration; (4) Recovery; (5) Weight gain; (6) Weight loss; and (7) Supplements.ResultsThe mean NKQ score of all athletes was 43.8% (± 11.4). No gender differences observed between nutritional knowledge total scores, however female athletes recorded more ‘correct’ responses than males (p = 0.02) in the Nutrients subcategory. Majority of athletes had difficulty identifying correct DRI with this subcategory featuring the lowest percentage of ‘correct’ to ‘incorrect’ responses (27.1% ± 2.3; p = 0.02). Supplements subcategory displayed much uncertainty with significantly more ‘unsure’ than ‘incorrect’ responses (42.4% ± 20.3; p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn agreement with previous research, results of the current study indicate that elite youth athletes lack fundamental nutritional knowledge, specifically related to DRI and supplementation. These data provide further support of current recommendations that Academy of Sport youth athletes may benefit from integrated nutrition education conducted by qualified nutrition professionals.

Top consumer uses of bestselling, single-ingredient vitamin and mineral supplements

ObjectiveVitamin and mineral supplements are widely used for self-care of a variety of medical conditions, but little is known about the specific conditions for which they are used. This study mined consumer product reviews to determine specific ways vitamin and mineral supplements are being used therapeutically. Design/SettingA cross-sectional analysis of user reviews for top-selling, single-ingredient vitamin and mineral products from a popular online retailer was performed to identify the most frequently appearing words associated with medical conditions. Results of individual analyses were compared to achieve consensus on the top, relevant keywords for each supplement. The full text of the reviews was searched for these keywords to distinguish whether they referred to therapeutic uses or adverse effects. ResultsA total of 14 vitamin and 11 mineral supplements were analyzed. The number of user reviews for the analyzed products varied from 41 for manganese to over 5000 for biotin and vitamin D (median = 547 reviews per product). Cohen’s kappa test for investigator-selected keywords related to medical conditions was generally greater than 0.6, indicating good interrater reliability. From these lists, the top consumer self-care uses were identified for 24 supplements. Commonly reported adverse effects were also noted for several products. ConclusionThis study used data mining to identify the top ways consumers use an array of bestselling, single-ingredient vitamin and mineral supplements. These results can provide healthcare and nutrition professionals with information to anticipate the supplement-related education needs of patients and provide researchers with priority areas for clinical studies.

Strategies for Healthy Eating Promotion and Behavioral Change Perceived as Effective by Nutrition Professionals: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Nutrition professionals may recognize ways to improve diet among their clients/patients. This study aimed to survey strategies and foods that nutrition professionals in Puerto Rico perceive as most effective for healthy eating promotion and behavioral change. The study was a cross-sectional online mixed-methods survey conducted among registered members of the College of Nutritionists and Dietitians of Puerto Rico. Using close-ended questions, nutrition professionals identified foods that they considered as easy to include or difficult to control in the diet of their clients/patients, and strategies that may work best for healthy eating. Frequencies of responses were analyzed. Open-ended questions were qualitatively analyzed in NVivo v11. The response rate was 33.2% (n = 414). The foods deemed as easy to include in the diet were root vegetables (66%), fruit (66%), legumes (57%), water (38%), and yogurt/dairy (37%). The foods deemed as more difficult to control were sugary beverages (63%), sweets and desserts (57%), fats and fried foods (56%), salt (50%), and white rice (44%). The strategies for healthy eating deemed effective were personalized orientation (79%), setting short-term goals (61%), making gradual dietary changes (53%), and setting health-oriented (41%), and personal (37%) goals. Emerging themes from qualitative analysis included the intuited key role of nutrition professionals, the need for policy changes, emphasizing prevention, cultural sensitivity, and practical issues. Respondents suggested potential strategies across levels of the socioecological model. In conclusion, healthy eating strategies and foods perceived by nutrition professionals as effective may shape optimal nutritional counseling and population-wide approaches to improve healthy eating in Puerto Rico.