Nutrient Availability Dynamics Research Articles

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Nutrient Availability Dynamics in Laboratory-incubated Black Clay Soil

Nutrient release in different soils is a dynamic process influenced by a multitude of factors, including soil texture, structure, organic matter content, pH, microbial activity, and nutrient management practices. An incubation study was conducted to study the nutrient availability and their release at different days after incubation through nutrient management practices. The results of the study revealed that at 15 DAI, available nitrogen and its fraction, available sulphur were recorded higher in the treatment receiving soil test based NPK, at 30 DAI in the treatment with integrated application 100% RDF, FYM and biofertilizers, at 45 and 60 DAI treatment receiving 75% soil test based NPK, FYM and biofertilizers. Available phosphorus recorded content recorded higher in the treatment with integrated application 100% RDF, FYM and biofertilizers and it continued to increase upto 45 DAI and their after its content decreased slightly to 60 DAI. Similar to available phosphorus, available potassium content also recorded higher in the treatment with integrated application 100% RDF, FYM and biofertilizers and it continued to increase upto 60 DAI. Treatments receiving sole inorganic fertilizers exhibited early decline in nutrient content whereas integrated treatments maintained the nutrient availability more than the sole inorganic fertilizers applied treatments.

Dynamics of nutrient availability in okra production with organic and inorganic fertilizers

Dynamics of nutrient availability in okra production with organic and inorganic fertilizers

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Dynamics of Nutrient Availability at Various Intervals in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Polasa, Jagtial, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University. The study was aimed at identifying the effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient availability in soil. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatments includes T1: 100% Recommended dose of Fertilizer (RDF), T2: 100% RDF + FYM (Farm Yard Manure), T3: 100% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, T4: 75% RDF, T5: 75% RDF + FYM, T6: 75% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, T7: Soil Test Based (STB) NPK, T8: 75% STB NPK + FYM and T9: 75% STB NPK + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium. The results of the experiment revealed that integrated nutrient management significantly influenced the availability of various nutrients at different stages of the crop. Significantly higher nitrogen and its inorganic fractions, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur availability was recorded with the integrated application of 75% STB + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium which was comparable with an application of Soil Test Based NPK, 100 % RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, and 75% STB NPK + FYM. The lower available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, ammonical and nitrate nitrogen were recorded under the treatment of 75 % RDF.

Nutrient Dynamics in Acid Sulfate Soil Treated with Dolomite and Micronutrient Fertilizers and Their Effects on the Growth of Lowland Rice

The development of acid sulfate soils for agriculture is limited by high soil acidity, high soluble Fe, and low available P, base cation, and micronutrient contents. Therefore, the application of dolomite and micronutrient fertilizer is required to improve soil and rice productivity. This study aimed to determine the effect of dolomite and Cu and Zn fertilizer on the dynamics of nutrient availability in acid sulfate soils and their effect on the growth, nutrient uptake, and yield of rice. The study was conducted in a greenhouse and arranged in a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and 5 replications. The application of various doses of micronutrient fertilizer containing Cu and Zn oxide was compared with the control and dolomite application treatments. NPK as a basal fertilizer was applied according to the recommended dose for all treatments. The results showed that the application of micronutrient fertilizer and 3 tons ha-1 dolomite effectively increased the availability of P nutrient from 13.5 to 58.3 pp and decreased the potential for iron toxicity. Furthermore, applying 6 tons ha-1 dolomite, combined with 2 tons ha-1 organic fertilizer, and 6 ml l-1 micronutrient fertilizer resulted in the highest grain yield of 91.65 g pot-1 with an increase of 19%. Meanwhile, the application of 3 tons ha-1 dolomite and a combination of 3 tons ha-1 dolomite + 2 tons ha-1 organic matter could reduce 20-30% of iron uptake by plant roots. Application of dolomite and micronutrient fertilizers increases the productivity of soil and rice on acid sulfate soils.

Dynamics of nutrient availability in tomato production with organic fertilisers

ABSTRACT In greenhouse organic horticulture there is a great challenge in supplying the crop with adequate amounts of nutrients at the right stage of crop development. This has been identified as one of the main factors compromising yields in organic systems as compared with conventional hydroponic systems based on the use of synthetic fertilisers. In organic systems, the supply of nutrients is reliant on microbial degradation of organic complexes, a process that is dependent on factors such as temperature, soil water content and pH. Different organic fertilisers will also have different characteristics with respect to mineralisation of nutrients. In order to evaluate different strategies for organic fertilisation in long-term greenhouse crops such as high-wire tomato crops, an experiment with three different treatments was performed. The different strategies evaluated were one based on blood meal, kalimagnesia and the commercial product Baralith Enslow (composed of clay and ground lucerne), one with poultry manure and kalimagnesia, and one with solid biogas digestate and kalimagnesia. A five-month tomato crop was grown. Lysimeter samples were taken from the growing media biweekly for monitoring of plant available nutrients. The results suggested that nitrogen was likely to have been the limiting factor for plant growth, however, the biogas digestate delivered mineralised nitrogen throughout the experiment.

CAMA DE AVES ASSOCIADA A ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO CULTIVO DO MILHO

The use of animal residues from poultry as an organic fertilizer is a sustainable way to dispose of the production system, but there is still a need for further studies on the dynamics of nutrient availability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of poultry litterassociated with nitrogen fertilizer in the corn(Zea mays) crop and the availability of nitrogen from the residueduring three years of cultivation. The factors consisted of poultry litterdoses (2, 5 and 8 Mg ha-1) and nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kgha-1). The control group received mineral fertilizer at the dose of 120, 80 and 20 kg ha-1of P2O5, K2O and N, respectively, and covered with 200 kg ha-1of N. SPAD index readings, plant height, ear height, yield, one hundred grain mass and number of grains per spike were made.The highest doses of poultry litter(5 and 8 Mg ha-1) in three consecutive years, even without N broadcast, propitiates similar yieldto the mineral fertilizer control in the corn crop, thus, the poultry litter is an alternative viable in long-term corncrop fertilization.

Direct and residual effect of various vermicompost on soil nutrient and nutrient uptake dynamics and productivity of four mustard Pak-Coi (Brassica rapa L.) sequences in organic farming system

PurposeTo study the direct effect on the first mustard cropping and the residual effect of three kinds of vermicompost on the productivity of the second, third, fourth Pak-Coi mustard sequential cropping.MethodA field experiment was conducted for four sequential planting periods of mustard Pak-Coi in silty clay Inceptisol. The experiment used a factorial randomized block design with two factors. Factor I comprised three kinds of vermicompost with three types of bedding materials; V1—spent mushroom waste, V2—coconut husk, and V3—sugarcane trash, while factor II comprised four different application rates: 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1. From these two factors, there were 12 treatments plus one control treatment (without vermicompost application).ResultsApplication of vermicompost increased soil NPK content. The highest nutrient uptake was also found in the residual effect for the second cropping. Nutrient uptake of the third and fourth mustard cropping had a decreasing trend. The highest yield on the first cropping was found in the application of vermicompost V2 and V1 with the application rates of 10–15 t ha−1. In the second cropping, the productivity increased, whereas the third and fourth sequential cropping decreased in the vermicompost V1 and V2, whereas in the vermicompost V3 the productivity of the third and fourth cropping was slightly increased.ConclusionThe application of vermicompost to organic farming provides nutrient availability in four mustard subsequent planting periods. Differences in the dynamics of nutrient availability, nutrient uptake and crop yields are affected by the vermicompost materials used.

Mathematical modelling of the antibiotic-induced morphological transition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Here we formulate a mechanistic mathematical model to describe the growth dynamics of P. aeruginosa in the presence of the β-lactam antibiotic meropenem. The model is mechanistic in the sense that carrying capacity is taken into account through the dynamics of nutrient availability rather than via logistic growth. In accordance with our experimental results we incorporate a sub-population of cells, differing in morphology from the normal bacillary shape of P. aeruginosa bacteria, which we assume have immunity from direct antibiotic action. By fitting this model to experimental data we obtain parameter values that give insight into the growth of a bacterial population that includes different cell morphologies. The analysis of two parameters sets, that produce different long term behaviour, allows us to manipulate the system theoretically in order to explore the advantages of a shape transition that may potentially be a mechanism that allows P. aeruginosa to withstand antibiotic effects. Our results suggest that inhibition of this shape transition may be detrimental to bacterial growth and thus suggest that the transition may be a defensive mechanism implemented by bacterial machinery. In addition to this we provide strong theoretical evidence for the potential therapeutic strategy of using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in combination with meropenem. This proposed combination therapy exploits the shape transition as AMPs induce cell lysis by forming pores in the cytoplasmic membrane, which becomes exposed in the spherical cells.

Fungal Iron Availability during Deep Seated Candidiasis Is Defined by a Complex Interplay Involving Systemic and Local Events

Nutritional immunity – the withholding of nutrients by the host – has long been recognised as an important factor that shapes bacterial-host interactions. However, the dynamics of nutrient availability within local host niches during fungal infection are poorly defined. We have combined laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP MS), MALDI imaging and immunohistochemistry with microtranscriptomics to examine iron homeostasis in the host and pathogen in the murine model of systemic candidiasis. Dramatic changes in the renal iron landscape occur during disease progression. The infection perturbs global iron homeostasis in the host leading to iron accumulation in the renal medulla. Paradoxically, this is accompanied by nutritional immunity in the renal cortex as iron exclusion zones emerge locally around fungal lesions. These exclusion zones correlate with immune infiltrates and haem oxygenase 1-expressing host cells. This local nutritional immunity decreases iron availability, leading to a switch in iron acquisition mechanisms within mature fungal lesions, as revealed by laser capture microdissection and qRT-PCR analyses. Therefore, a complex interplay of systemic and local events influences iron homeostasis and pathogen-host dynamics during disease progression.