Nusa Tenggara Indonesia Research Articles

Analysis of Trouble in Dry Land Management and Hills in Ngada District, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

Analysis of Trouble in Dry Land Management and Hills in Ngada District, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

Seroja Tropical Cyclon Destruction Case Study: Permanent Slope Protection Evaluation at Downstream of Rotiklot Dam Nomenclature Building, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Abstract Rotiklot Dam was one of some infrastructures which was affected by the Seroja Tropical Cyclone in East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia in April 2021. There are several landslides at the downstream of the dam that can threaten the safety of the dam, especially at the downstream of the nomenclature building. The right design of permanent slope protection must be determined in a limited time. Geotechnical investigations such as boring, resistivity survey, standard penetration test, and water pressure test were conducted in a short time. Back analysis method was carried out to find extreme soil parameters conditions. The slope protection must meet the national standard minimum safety factor or greater than 1.5. Safety factors of slope protections are evaluated by a finite element method to get the safety factor and maximum total displacements. Every stage of slope protection can give the optimal safety factor values which are required or greater than 1.5, however backfill material will give more load and decrease the safety factor value.

Young families’ space adaptation in subsidized housing case study: Mataram city, West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

ABSTRACT Indonesia’s 2020 census shows that 25.87% of the population comprises productive working-age millennials in the family-forming phase and demand affordable housing. To aid the low-income class in accessing the housing market, the government provides the Rumah Inti Tumbuh (RIT) or “growing core house” programme. This study examines the young families’ adaptation to utilize the available rooms, using mixed methods of observations, interviews, and architectural records. Study analyses employ the six layers’ theory of [Brand, Stewart. 1994. How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They are Built. New York, NY: Viking] to trace back the incremental process from the early home-making, motivation development, and adaptation strategy of the spatial usages in the post-reconstruction. The study concludes that young families needed to incrementally outmode the forms of provision even in the early occupation. The adaptive solutions gradually blurred the initial design idea provided by the developer. The home-making practices also accommodate daily activities connected with Islamic cultural, social, and intimate spheres.

Formula Optimization of Traditional Functional Beverage Minasarua from Bima West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

Formula Optimization of Traditional Functional Beverage Minasarua from Bima West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

The Influence of Local Culture, Cuisine, and Natural Scenery on Tourist Satisfaction at Gili Meno Beach, West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

This research investigates the influence of local culture, culinary experiences, and natural scenery on tourist satisfaction at Gili Meno Beach, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Employing a quantitative research design using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS) method, the study involved 160 tourist respondents visiting the destination. The findings reveal that local culture (β = 0.05, p < 0.05), culinary experiences (β = 0.02, p < 0.05), and natural scenery (β = 0.02, p < 0.05) significantly influence tourist satisfaction. These results underscore the importance of cultural elements, local cuisine, and natural beauty in creating positive experiences for tourists at the destination. Managerial implications include developing more effective marketing strategies to enhance destination appeal and improve visitor experiences, as well as emphasizing cultural and environmental preservation to support sustainable tourism. This research contributes significantly to tourism literature by exploring key factors influencing tourist satisfaction in unique contexts such as Gili Meno Beach.

THE IMPACTS OF CASH WAQF LINKED SUKUK EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

This study analyzes the impact of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) empowerment programs on beneficiaries’ welfare, financial inclusion, social participation, and spirituality. Using questionnaires administered to the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the empowerment programs in Central Lampung, South Tangerang, Trenggalek East Java, and Bima Nusa Tenggara Indonesia, the study constructs three impact indicators: the welfare index, financial inclusion index, and social and spiritual index. The data are analyzed using the difference-in-difference (DiD) method, where the three impact indices are compared between the two groups of respondents in 2021 and 2022. We find that the CWLS empowerment programs improve the welfare and financial inclusion of beneficiaries but have no discernible effect on social and spiritual participation. However, the DID analysis reveals that the overall impacts of welfare, financial inclusion, and social and spiritual participation are not statistically different between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in 2021 and 2022. This study provides significant implications for policymakers and nadzir to enhance the impacts of CWLS on socioeconomic development and poverty alleviation.

CRIMINAL POLITICS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN BY FAMILY MEMBERS IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA INDONESIA

Objective: The issue of sexual violence, particularly child molestation, demands even more intensive and serious attention. This is crucial, given the tendency for child victims to be frequently overlooked by competent institutions within the criminal justice system. Method: To address these issues, the research collects data through interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The study employs legal, case, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Result and Discussion: Data and facts still show that the position of children as a group is vulnerable to becoming victims of violent crimes. The following is data on children as victims of sexual intercourse that occurred in the period 2018 to 2022 in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. Based on the data, it shows that the number of cases of child sexual violence has fluctuated. It increased drastically in 2019, one year before the corona virus pandemic broke out in Indonesia. Conclusion: Based on the criteria of criminalization, the existing regulatory framework is already in line with and fulfills the need for legal boundaries in society. However, what remains a continuous effort for optimization is consistency in law enforcement.

Innovation in tourism development in Rote Ndao District, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

Innovation in tourism development in Rote Ndao District, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

Human Rights and Its Contested Legal Paradigm

This article examines the philosophical foundation of the tension between two contested legal paradigms, namely the Sociological Jurisprudence and Historical School of Jurisprudence, and how the contestation affects human rights discourse in Indonesia. Sociological jurisprudence perceives law as a tool of social engineering, while the Historical School of Jurisprudence argues that the development of law is a subconscious and organic process. Such contested legal paradigms are relevant to the case of “kawin tangkap” or bride kidnapping in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. This is certainly problematic from the human rights perspective, as it is contradictory to the protection of women and children. However, like in some other traditions, the practice has been continuously preserved in local communities. The article employs legal anthropology research methods to delve into the symbols and meanings embedded within the customary laws obeyed by local communities. Additionally, this research utilizes legal philosophy methodologies to scrutinize paradigmatic disputes among schools of thought and how these disputes affect the rights of women. The study also investigates variances in perspectives concerning customary law, state law, and human rights, particularly in the context of examining the tradition of captive bride kidnapping. The challenge lies in how human rights can be employed to foster a gradual shift away from deeply ingrained patriarchal cultural norms and practices, with the aim of enhancing the protection of women’s and children’s rights, all while preserving customary laws and the harmony of local communities. This article endeavors to address this challenge by advocating for effective communication strategies that encourage local communities to embrace human rights principles and abide by the law, driven by rational awareness. The findings from this research conscientiously raise awareness about human rights within local communities through effective legal communication, without disrupting the existing local order.
 
 Keywords: Human Rights, Historical School of Jurisprudence, Bride Kidnapping, Sociological Jurisprudence, Communication.

Students’ Optimal Engagement in EFL Large Classes: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study in East Nusa Tenggara

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in researching students’ engagement in English as foreign language (EFL) classes as students’ language learning achievement is shaped by their engagement in class. Yet, the study of students’ engagement in EFL large classes has received relatively little empirical attention. This qualitative phenomenological study aims at exploring how teachers perceive the factors boosting students’ optimal engagement and what strategies they use to boost students’ optimal engagement in EFL large classes. Ten university teachers with adequate experience of teaching EFL large classes in East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia participated in this study. Semi structured interviews were used to elicit the teachers’ perceptions and interpretations of students’ optimal engagement. The results revealed five factors affecting students’ optimal engagement in EFL large classes: teaching strategies, individual motivation, student-teacher relationship, students’ English proficiency, and teaching facilities. Additionally, the teachers applied instructional and affective strategies to boost students’ optimal engagement in EFL large classes. Based on the study results, we offered some pedagogical implications for the teachers and their institutions.

Values of Religious Moderation in Hindu Religious Education and Civil Lesson Materials at the High School Level in West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

This study aims to explore and describe the values of religious moderation contained in books on the subject matter of Hinduism and Moral Education at the senior high school level. The research used a qualitative approach, using interviews, observation, and documentation in data collection. The results of this study indicate that the values of religious moderation can be found in the syllabus, and also in the Hindu Religious Education and Moral Education textbooks at the senior high school level, including values; 1) accommodating to local culture and traditions, especially in subject matter: Yadnya, Wariga, Development of Hindu Culture, Tantra, Yantra, Mantra, 2) commitment to nationalism and love for the country, in subject matter: Upa Weda, Catur Warna, 3) tolerance and non-violence, on subject matter: Darsana, Catur Asrama, Yoga, Yama and Niyama Bratha, Sukhinah Family, Weda, Astangga Yoga. There was no subject matter containing anti-tolerance values, or subject matter that supported acts of violence in the Hindu Religion and Moral High School textbooks.

Fragile agency: the lived religion of human trafficking victims in East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

ABSTRACT This article aims to describe the role of religion in the experiences of human trafficking victims from the migrant labourer sector. The research conducted in East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia in 2020 interviewed 19 participants consisting of victims and their families. Working as a migrant labourer is a consequence of poverty intersecting with religious meaning. Workers' limited agency is fragile due to exploitation and violence. Participants are commonly alienated from their families, themselves, and society. Religion plays a significant role in alienation because experience shapes religious meaning, and religious meaning mediates an individual's actions.

Determinants of Hand Washing with Soap (HWWS) in Rural Communities: Cross Sectional Study in Manggarai Regency East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

Hand Washing With Soap (HWWS) behavior is a simple thing that can be done to inhibit the transmission of disease from the source of infection. Not much is known with certainty about the determinants of community handwashing behavior as a basis for promoting handwashing behavior. The research aims to identify the various determinants of HWWS behavior in the rural community, the results of which can be considered for designing the promotion of HWWS behavior in rural community and economically vulnerable groups.
 A total of 52 villages as survey locations, interviews and observations were carried out on 168 household heads who were determined by purposive random sampling with the inclusion criteria of having toddlers, and the house is on the edge of a river / beach. Univariate data processing to describe the characteristics of respondents and bivariate analysis to describe the relationship between the various HWWS behavior variables.
 The results of the study showed that the majority of the community already had HWWS facilities and were around the house where they lived. Critical times for community hand washing behavior are when hands are dirty, after feeding livestock and before eating. There is no difference between the determinants of HWWS behavior with education and with household categories based on the number of repeaters. Health cadres and local health workers dominate the sources of information obtained by the community regarding HWWS behavior.
 The implication of the results of this study is that the promotion of HWWS behavior in the community needs to consider non-health messages such as HWWS carried out when hands are dirty, after feeding livestock and before eating. In addition to inhibiting the spread of diseases that are transmitted through hands, the goal of HWWS behavior is also. In addition, health cadres and health workers are very important as a channel for conveying education about HWWS behavior in the community, in addition to the use of social media.

Application of moderation in determining natural disaster mitigation strategies as inclusive education in elementary school

Natural disaster mitigation learning is inclusive education in elementary school. There for, this aims to express the responses and opinions of teachers about the implementation of the disaster mitigation learning model and to improve the ability of teachers in elementary schools. The study was conducted on three schools consist elementary schools in Mataram, Ampenan, and Sembalun in Lombok Island-West Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia. The method of research begins with a presentation of a learning model for natural disaster mitigation such as peer teaching by the research team. After that discussion with moderation technique regarding disaster mitigation learning structure applied in the previous presentation. The results of the study obtained 5 main ideas of strategies about the implementation of the natural disaster mitigation learning model, namely that 1) students must be conditioned to natural disasters in the learning process, 2) teachers must have the correct steps in providing the understanding of natural disasters and in conducting direct demonstrations so that students thoroughly understand, 3) teachers must have knowledge of earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods, hurricanes and volcanoes, 4) teachers provide examples of disaster mitigation learning to students using tools such as videos, disaster mitigation tools, etc, 5) understanding risk, vulnerability, threat and capability of natural disaster. In general conclusion, teachers have to ability to use technology pedagogical and content knowledge strategies for natural disaster mitigation learning.

The Role of Community Empowerment Institutions for Village Development

The role of the Community Empowerment Institution (LPM) in realizing development is as a forum for community participation in planning and implementing development, activities to formulate community aspirations in planning development are usually carried out through deliberation involving all LPM administrators in Tanjung karang Permai Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of community institutions for development, by considering Tanjung karang Permai Village in West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia, as a case study. This study used qualitative research methods. The informants in this study were the village Apparatus, the Head of the Village Community Institute and community leaders. Data collection techniques used were interview, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the role of community empowerment institutions for development in a Village is as a facilitator, mediator, and dynamicator.

The Relationship between Gender and Presbycusis at Mandalika Elderly Social Center, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Background: Presbycusis is a type of hearing loss with sensorineural deafness due to the degeneration of the hearing organs. Gender is said to have an influence on the occurrence of presbycusis. The presbycusis is influenced by differences in activity routines carried out by women and men and differences in the anatomical shape of the auricles between men and women. The study aimed to identify the relationship between gender and presbycusis at the Mandalika Elderly Social Center, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
 Methods: The study design was observational analytic with cross sectional approach and purposive sampling technique. There were 50 research respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was conducted at the Mandalika Elderly Social Center, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The data obtained were analyzed univariately and bivariate with the Chi-square test using SPSS software version 23.0. 
 Results: It was obtained that the demographic description of the research respondents obtained the majority of respondents aged 60-74 years (66%), female (66%), ungraduated (90%), and unemployed (90%). There was no relationship between gender and presbycusis at the Mandalika Elderly Social Center, West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia, p> 0,05. 
 Conclusion: There was no relationship between gender and presbycusis at the Mandalika Elderly Social Center, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Bankability challenges for the construction of micro hydro power plants utilizing state-owned dams (case study: Pandanduri dam, West Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia)

Power supply business plan (RUPTL) of PT. PLN (Persero) year 2021-2030 states that there is an electric potential of 337.1 MW that can be generated from 60 dams owned by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia through the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing. The tender process for several locations has already been implemented. One of them is the Pandanduri micro hydro power plant which utilizes the outlet of the Pandanduri Dam, West Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges of the Pandanduri microhydro project in obtaining funding from financial institutions. Assessment of aspects of bankability (character, capacity, capital, collateral, condition of economy) with regard the construction of Pandanduri microhydro shows that the role of sponsors is very significant in providing equity portion, providing guarantees and to mitigate the potential risk of cost overrun, delay in commercial operation date and cash deficiency.

The Lived Religion of Bereaved Parent of Human Trafficking Victims in East Nusa Tenggara

Human Trafficking has an impact on various aspects of life. One of them is the experience of parents who have to lose their daughters as victims of human trafficking. Living in meaningful life after losing a loved child is challenging. The objective of this study is to explore the experience of bereaved parents particular, the parent who loses a beloved daughter who works away from home as a domestic worker. This research interviewed four participants (two couple of parents) of deceased victims of human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia. The bereaved experience challenges their perspective on life, the human limitation, and the assumption about justice. Religion assists the parent in coping and meaning to deal with the bereaved experience. Related to the sense of control, the bereaved parent perceives the same meaning of the Divine plan but in the term of justice, the bereaved parent has a different perspective that obtains a different outcome. A beloved parent passively surrenders to God's revenge while the other bereaved parent understands justice involves forgiveness also law enforcement of perpetrators.

The difference in qualitative characteristics between Simmental-Bali (SIMBAL) crossed cows and Bali cows in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

The research was conducted to explore the difference in qualitative characteristics between Simmental-Bali (SimBal) crossed cows and Bali cows. Research was done in Lombok Tengah Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia. The material used in this research was 60 cows consisting of 30 Bali and 30 Simmental-Bali crossed cows, about 2.5 years old. This research was carried out by direct observation. The cows used to belong to the farmers, kept by each owner intensively in a stall. Qualitative characteristics were analyzed descriptively and presented in percentages. The results show that Simmental-Bali crossed cows had different exterior characteristics from Bali cows. Among others, the body was dominant in brick red to dark brown, the legs were brown, the muzzle was pink spotted in black, the buttock was light brown, the tail hair was brown, the face vector was white, and the horn was upwards. It is concluded that Simmental-Bali (Simbal) crossed cows and Bali cows have different qualitative characteristics. This difference in qualitative properties does not become a problem for farmers in West Nusa Tenggara, so the cross-program using an exotic straw that has qualitative properties different from pure Bali cattle in the future can be continued.

Rice as one of antioxidant source for farming family in COVID-19 pandemic: a case study from West Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

The main food consumption of farming families is an important concern during the pandemic. Farmers in West Nusa Tenggara (WNT) survive with the availability of rice to support household health and food security during the pandemic. In addition to its nutritional content, rice also contains phenolic compounds and has antioxidant activity. This study aims are to measure the frequency of rice consumption, food variety, varieties of rice consumed daily during the pandemic in WNT, as well as the antioxidant properties of several rice varieties grown in WNT. This study was conducted from September 2020 to June 2021 in East Lombok, Sumbawa and Bima Regencies, WNT Province, Indonesia using a survey approach. The data collection techniques were observation, Focus Group Discussion, recording, interviews with 74 respondents with a semi-structured questionnaire and study literature related to the nutritional content and bioactive compound of the rice. Quantitative data was tabulated to determine the frequency and average then descriptively analyzed, while qualitative data was thematically analysed. The most consumed rice varieties are seen from the production data of seed breeders in the WNT region, the phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu, antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH assay. The result showed that the highest portion of food consumed by farmer households in WNT is rice. The most variety of rice produced by breeders is the Inpari 32 variety. There are about 97% of farmers consume rice for 3 times a day, while 3% of the remaining consume 2 times a day of rice. Food variety includes 7.9% vegetable-rice and 92.1% rice-vegetables-meat protein. The results of the analysis of antioxidant properties and phenolic content in rice is depending on the variety. The antioxidant properties of the Jeliteng, Baroma, Pamelen, Nutrizinc and Inpari 32 rice varieties were 44.85±0.51%, 9.87±1.55%, 9.96±1.22%, 9.75±1.09%, and 14.305±1.24%, respectively, while the phenolic contents were 9.76±0.09, 4.23±0.03, 4.48±0.02, 4.64± 0.07, 4.58±0.42 mg GAE/g dryrice extract, respectively. The results of this study indicate that rice has been used as one of antioxidants source for farming families during the pandemic.