LOOKING BACK AT THE EARLY era of nursing when Florence Nightingale and other leaders demonstrated an intense desire to improve and professionalize nursing care, it is hard to understand why so much of nursing research has been so far afield from the investigation of nursing practice itself. Why has so much time and effort been spent on the ramifications of nursing, for instance, the nurse and her abilities, her education and work place, and the organization and administration of nursing, rather than nursing practice? One reason may have been that nursing had attracted educators who visualized improved education as the best, if not the only, way to secure better service. The idea was in harmony with Miss Nightingale's mission concept; for she told her nurses to go out and start schools. To plan wisely, we need to understand why nursing research develQped as it did. Its development up to 1950 was discussed in, Research-Its Evolution, in the April issue of the Journal. Looking at a more recent time, we see that the decade 1950 through 1959 was a period of stock-taking, redirecting the research focus, and involving the profession as a whole through research activities of the American Nurses' Association and the National League for Nursing. Cooperative plans for research were made and machinery for it was augmented. New funds were made available. The Institute of Research and Service in Nursing Education at Teachers College, established in March 1953, was the first known unit to be set up with full-time staff assigned exclusively to develop and conduct organized study in nursing and nursing education and to provide a laboratory for research training for nurses. The second such unit and the first to be directed primarily toward research in the practice of nursing was, the Department of Nursing of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel Harriet Werley. A more favorable setting for research in nursing practice can scarcely be conceived. The American Nurses' Association set up a statistical unit to promote research and later-in 1950a five-year program of studies of nursing functions. Under this proram, the first grants were made in 1951.