Nursing Diagnosis Research Articles

Evaluation of clinical oral care outcomes according to nursing outcomes classification.

This research was planned to follow the healing process of the oral mucosa in patients in intensive care with an "Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane Integrity" nursing diagnosis based on the "NOC (1100) Oral Health Assessment" outcome criteria. This study, which was planned in a methodological and descriptive type of research, was carried out with 50 patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care clinic of a state hospital between June and December 2022, with a nursing diagnosis of "Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane Integrity." Data were collected using a Patient Information Form and the "NOC (1100) Oral Health Evaluation Scale" for the nursing outcomes classification. In the analysis of the data descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation test, Friedman test as well as Cohen's kappa test were used to evaluate the agreement between two independent observers. In the study, content validity index value of the NOC scale was calculated to be 0.90. The examination of the participants' mean scores on the NOC (1100) Oral Health Assessment Scale showed that there were statistically significant differences in terms of the repeated evaluations, except for the NOC indicators of "Oral mucosal integrity," "Gum integrity," and "Tooth integrity" (p <0.01). No statistically significant correlation was found between the mean NOC scale scores of the patients according to the variables of age, body mass index, mechanical ventilation time, and length of stay in the intensive care unit (p >0.05). The findings showed that the Turkish version of NOC (1100) Oral Health Assessment Scale was a valid tool for monitoring the healing process of the oral mucosa in patients in intensive care. With the use of NOC (1100) Oral Health Assessment Scale, a common language will be formed in the evaluation for monitoring the healing process of the oral mucosa in nursing care.

NURSING DIAGNOSES AND INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC WOUND IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CARE

Objective: To identify nursing diagnoses and interventions related to patients with chronic wound produced by a specific system in primary and secondary care. Method: Descriptive study conducted between July and October 2022. We used data from the Systematization of Nursing Care in Wounds–anagerial (SAEFg) system. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee, under Opinion no. 4.329.008/2020. Results: There were 314 records of diagnoses and 1,300 of nursing interventions. The main nursing diagnoses were: venous ulcer (17.6%), impaired wound healing and anxiety (7.6%), risk of falling (7.1%), risk of infection (6.7%), and pruritus (6.4%). The interventions were: prescribe/guide leg elevation (9.3%), guide not to scratch or use abrasive products (8.3%), examine skin conditions (7%), and describe/document wound characteristics (5.5%). Conclusion: The main nursingdiagnoses and interventions were about tegumentary, emotional and risk aspects such as fall and infection. The highest occurrence of records was in secondary care.

A retrospective descriptive study of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses used by midwives working in obstetrics and gynecologic service: An example from south-eastern Turkey.

This study aims to identify NANDA-I nursing diagnoses that midwives working in obstetrics and gynecologic service use while managing the electronic nursing care process. This retrospective study was conducted in a descriptive way to evaluate electronic care plan records of 3025 patients staying in obstetrics and gynecologic service between April 1, 2020. and April 1, 2021. Diagnoses in the records of the electronic care process were digitalized by two faculty members. Then,NANDA-I nursing diagnoses used by midwives were identified.NANDA-I nursing diagnoses used by midwives were identified. It was determined that diagnoses in care plans documented from the system within the 1-year period fell into eight domains and 10 classes, and 5819 diagnoses were given in total. The most frequent diagnoses given in obstetrics and gynecologic service were "acute pain" and "risk for bleeding." Findings of this study revealed that nursing care records in obstetrics and gynecologic service did not have a large number of diagnoses and interventions. Care plans directly reflect the contribution of the care to the patient. Consequently, midwives being aware of and recording nursing diagnoses while giving care will ensure a standardized language and visibility in care. More coverage of midwifery-related diagnoses in the midwifery curriculum will make NANDA-I nursing diagnoses more visible in midwifery as well.

The nursing care for the medical device related pressure injury patient with a mucosal pressure injury due to an endotracheal tube: a case report

BACKGROUND: Pressure injury (PI) due to medical devices is one of the most common PIs, especially in patients treated in intensive care. Medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs), as part of their treatment, require extra care and prevention interventions than injuries caused by immobilization. Standardized nursing models are needed to care for PIs caused by medical devices on mucous membranes. PURPOSE: To provide information about the evaluation and care of the MDRPIs in the mucosal membrane due to the endotracheal tube (ET). CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronavirus disease has MDRPIs on the lower lip edge due to the ET on the fifteenth day after intubation. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) diagnoses were determined by systematically analyzing the data using the Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns (GFHP) model in the patient. Nursing care was planned and applied in line with the determined NANDA diagnoses, Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) interventions, and using the recommendations of current PI guides for treatment of MDRPIs. CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates MDRPIs resulting from ET and provides information about the formation of MDRPIs and appropriate maintenance therapy. Future research is recommended to examine and evaluate the nursing care and outcome of MDRPIs in different mucosal membranes.

Analysis of etiological factors of nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer.

To analyse the etiological factors of the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the referral unit for the treatment of childhood cancer in a tertiary hospital located in northeastern Brazil. A total of 200 children and adolescents who were undergoing cancer treatment were included in this study. Data collection instruments and protocols were constructed with operational and conceptual definitions of clinical indicators and etiological factors for the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort. A latent class model with adjusted random effects was used to determine impaired comfort and measures of sensitivity and specificity of clinical indicators. A univariate logistic regression analysis was performed for each etiological factor of impaired comfort. The analysis of etiological factors for the nursing diagnosis of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer showed the high prevalence of four factors: noxious environmental stimuli, insufficient situational control, insufficient resources and insufficient environmental control. Illness-related symptoms, noxious environmental stimuli, and insufficient environmental control increased the chance of impaired comfort occurring. The etiological factors with the highest prevalence and most significant impact on the occurrence of impaired comfort were noxious environmental stimuli, insufficient situational control and illness-related symptoms. The results obtained in this investigation can support more accurate nursing diagnostic inference of impaired comfort in children and adolescents with cancer. Moreover, the results can inform direct interventions for the modifiable factors that trigger this phenomenon to avoid or minimize the signs and symptoms of the nursing diagnosis.

The impact of institutionalizing the nursing process based on TPSN model on the quality and quantity of nursing diagnoses.

Nursing diagnosis is the basis of applying nursing process and evidence-based care in nursing. This issue has been affected by the gap between theory-practice in nursing. The attending nursing teachers Project aims to create an organizational link between health care centres and nursing schools, reducing the gap between theory-practice and empowering nurses to apply nursing diagnosis. The present study was part of the second cycle of an action research study conducted in the cardiology ward in 2019-2020. Interventions were performed in the form of Teacher, Patient, Student, Nurse Model to empower nurses in quantity and quality of nursing diagnosis. The results indicated a significant increase in the number of nursing diagnoses recorded. Moreover, the qualitative criteria based on PES components were found to have changed significantly after the interventions. Empowering nurses in the form of this Project could suggest that creating proper structures between nursing schools and health care centres, full-time presence of faculty members in hospitals, and enhancing their roles in these institutes will lead to improvements in educational as well as health care systems.

RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY PROBLEMS OF COVID-19 IN THE CONTEXT OF ESTABLISHING INTENSIVE CARE UNIT NURSING DIAGNOSIS

Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus that attacks the respiratory tract with rapid spread and high mortality. Initial reports that COVID-19 associated with critical care due to the severity of the disease requiring mechanical assistive devices in its treatment. The purpose to identify the nursing diagnosis related to respiratory and circulatory problems of COVID-19 in the critical care unit.&#x0D; Method: An integrative review highlights the issue that nursing problems related to respiratory and circulatory in COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This study focuses on papers published from 2020 to 2021 using the keyword "clinical manifestation of COVID-19" which was accessed through the Pubmed database.&#x0D; Result: The results showed that findings in articles that were reviewed and integrated with the SDKI. Nursing diagnosis related to respiratory problems such as 1) Ineffective airway clearance; 2) Dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response; 3) Impaired gas exchange; 4) Impaired spontaneous ventilation. Nursing diagnosis related to circulatory problems such as 1) Risk / decreased cardiac output; 2) Risk for bleeding; 3) Risk for effective renal perfusion; 4) Risk for ineffective cerebral perfusion.&#x0D; Conclusion: Critical care nurses carry out a series of treatments based on the nursing process stages, one of which is the enforcement of a nursing diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is needed to develop nursing plans and strategies for implementation so that the goals of nursing care are achieved.&#x0D; Keywords: covid-19, nursing diagnosis, intensive care unit&#x0D;

REDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE IN ELDERLY WITH STAGE 2 PRIMARY HYPERTENSION USING SLOW DEEP BREATHING EXERCISE INTERVENTION

Background: Elderly with hypertension is a phenomenon that is currently widely encountered in society. Uncontrolled hypertension in the elderly can cause various conditions that will affect the productivity and quality of life of the elderly. Objective: The purpose of this scientific work is so that students are able to carry out gerontic nursing care, namely assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation and evaluation in the elderly with hypertension. Methods: The method used is a case study of nursing care for the elderly with hypertension. This research was conducted by providing slow deep breathing exercise interventions to the elderly with hypertension as an effort to reduce blood pressure. There is non-pharmacological nursing care to maintain normal blood pressure so that the elderly can maintain their condition. Slow deep breathing exercise is a relaxation technique to lower blood pressure. Result: After being given the slow deep breathing exercise intervention to the client for 11 days and carried out 2 times a day there was a decrease in blood pressure in the client with the average decrease in systolic blood pressure in the client was 16.7 mmHg and the average decrease in diastolic blood pressure in the client was 6 ,7 mm Hg. Conclusion: It is recommended for nurses to provide slow deep breathing exercise therapy to elderly clients with hypertension as a companion to hypertension treatment to reduce blood pressure.

APPLICATION OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION TO REDUCING THE ANXIETY OF HYPERTENSION CLIENTS

Background: Families with hypertension will cause anxiety or anxiety which can affect the stability of blood pressure. One of the managements of anxiety with psychotherapy methods is by doing progressive muscle relaxation therapy. Progressive Muscle Relaxation to get a feeling of relaxation, so as to reduce anxiety and stress. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the application of progressive muscle relaxation therapy to reduce anxiety in hypertensive clients. Methods: This research method uses a descriptive method with a case study approach. The instruments used were HARS questionnaire sheets and Progressive Muscle Relaxation SOP sheets. The number of respondents was 1 person with hypertension with an anxiety nursing diagnosis. Result: The results of applying progressive muscle relaxation given 2 times per day for 7 days with a duration of 30-45 minutes each meeting showed a decrease in anxiety level from moderate anxiety to mild anxiety, followed by a decrease in blood pressure. Conclusion: The application of progressive muscle relaxation has proven effective in reducing anxiety in hypertensive clients. This therapy can be used as an adjunct to overcome anxiety which is useful for reducing blood pressure of hypertensive clients.

Investigation of Nursing Diagnosis of Student Nurses for Consultation-Liesonal Psychiatric Nursing in General Clinics

Amaç: Bu araştırma, öğrenci hemşirelerin psikiyatri hemşireliği uygulaması kapsamında genel kliniklerde bakım verdikleri hastalara ilişkin belirledikleri hemşirelik tanılarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.&#x0D; Yöntem: Retrospektif tanımlayıcı tipte gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın evrenini bir devlet üniversitesinin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik bölümü 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim döneminde, psikiyatri hemşireliği uygulaması dersini alan 75 öğrenci, örneklemi ise uygulama sonunda bakım planı dosyası teslim eden 72 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler, öğrencilerin uygulama dersi sonunda teslim ettikleri bakım planları incelenerek toplanmıştır. Hemşirelik tanıları, Gordon’un Fonksiyonel Sağlık Örüntülerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır.&#x0D; Bulgular: Araştırmada Gordon’un Fonksiyonel Sağlık Örüntüleri ’ne göre “2015-2017 Kuzey Amerika Hemşirelik Tanıları Birliği (NANDA) hemşirelik tanıları incelendiğinde, 11 örüntüde 49 farklı olmak üzere toplam 495 hemşirelik tanısı saptanmıştır. Gordon’un Fonksiyonel Sağlık Örüntülerine göre, öğrencilerin %20.4’ü “beslenme-metabolik durum”, %19.6’si “kendini algılama” ve %13.7’si “bilişsel algılama” alanlarında tanı belirlemiştir. Öğrencilerin “inanç ve değerler” alanında hiç tanı belirlemediği saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin, belirledikleri en yaygın NANDA hemşirelik tanılarının, enfeksiyon riski (%10.3), uyku örüntüsünde bozulma (%8.7), akut ağrı (%8.7), anksiyete (%8.5), düşme riski (%7.7) olduğu saptanmıştır.&#x0D; Sonuç: Öğrencilerin sıklıkla belirledikleri tanıların bakım verdikleri bireyin fizyolojik alanına ilişkin olduğu, bütüncül hemşirelik bakımı sağlayacak yeterlikte tanı belirleyemedikleri saptanmıştır. Psikiyatri hemşireliği uygulaması kapsamında konsültasyon ve liyezon psikiyatrisi uygulaması yapan öğrencilerin hastaları bütüncül değerlendirebilmeleri açısında vaka çalışmalarının arttırılmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Analysis of Readiness for enhanced health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

To estimate the prevalence of Readiness for enhanced health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through the diagnostic accuracy of the defining characteristics. A diagnostic accuracy study on the diagnosis of Readiness for enhanced health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted using the latent class analysis model. The sample comprised 180 individuals attending a referral outpatient clinic in Maranhão, Brazil. The data analysis was conducted in the R Core Team software. The prevalence of the nursing diagnosis was 55.23%. The main defining characteristics were expresses desire to enhance health communication with healthcare providers and expresses desire to enhance the understanding of health information to make healthcare choices. All defining characteristics showed significant specificity values. Accurate diagnoses contribute to individualized care plans for patients. The diagnosis Readiness for enhanced health literacy should be considered in implementing care plans, including interventions to reduce complications in the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Relationship Between Nursing Students’ Attitudes Towards Nursing Diagnosis and Their Professional Values

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Purpose: The research was planned to examine the relationship between the attitudes of nursing students against the nursing diagnoses and their professional values.&#x0D; Methods: The sample of this descriptive and correlational study consisted of 147 second, third- and fourth-year nursing students in the nursing department of a state university at the South Marmara Region. Personal information form was used to collect data, Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale was used to evaluate attitudes towards nursing diagnoses, and Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised was used to evaluate professional values. The scales were converted into an online questionnaire in the Google® Survey database and were sent to students via electronic communication programs.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of the students participating in the study was 21.16±1.43. It was determined that the professional values score averages of students were at a high level with 120.54±10.76, and their attitudes towards nursing diagnosis mean scores were quite positive with 124.82±15.87 and there was a moderately strong positive relationship between them (r=.472 p&lt; .01).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study showed that there is consensus among the majority of students that NANDA nursing diagnoses is a professional classification system that enables nursing care to be delivered in a safer and systematic way. Adoption of professional values by nursing students is an important element to provide an understanding of nursing knowledge and science. Nursing diagnoses are the visible face of nursing science in patient care. These two issues should be emphasized at every stage of nursing education in terms of the visibility of the nursing profession.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Attitudes; nursing diagnosis; nursing students; professionalism

Calgary Family Intervention Model Approach to Improve Quality of Life for Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Calgary Family Intervention Model (CFIM) is a nursing care model that is dominated by the family and integrated with the nursing paradigm that focuses on families. A case study was conducted to determine the intervention to improve the quality of life for the patient with diabetes mellitus. Nursing care was carried out using the Calgary Family Intervention Model approach with the author for three days and continued by the family for two weeks. With data collection techniques include interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation. The tools used in this case study are a set of physical examination tools, blood sugar check tools, a nursing kit, and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The results showed that Mr. J’s family had problems in the dimensions of physical and psychological health, with the established nursing diagnosis being a poor quality of life. In family members who experience diabetes mellitus with quality of life problems there are positive changes to the family and in handling, nutrition, exercise, foot care, and stress management for the patient. It can be seen from the results questionnaire which showed an improvement in scores than before, especially in the dimensions of physical and psychological health.&#x0D; Keywords: Calgary, diabetes mellitus, family, nursing, quality of life

Evaluation of the use of a nursing diagnosis Risk for Falls in the Community of Madrid (Spain) Primary Care System.

The purpose of this study was to describe the use of the nursing diagnosis Risk for Falls in Primary Care System of the Community of Madrid. A retrospective review of the clinical histories was carried out in 262 health centers from January 2005 to December 2015. The study population are the patients who have recorded in their electronic health record the nursing diagnosis Risk for Falls. Frequency of use of the Risk for Falls ND in the Community of Madrid was 53,340 diagnoses, increasing from 650 nursing diagnosis in 2005 to 14,695 in 2015. NOC Nursing Outcomes total identified were 109,145, which represents an average of 2.05 NOC Nursing Outcomes per diagnosis. NOC Nursing Outcomes frequently appeared as follows: Fall Prevention Behavior (35.9%), Safe Home Environment (11.3%), and Risk Control (10.5%). NIC Nursing Interventions total identified were 104,293, representing an average of 1.96 NIC nursing interventions per diagnosis. NIC Nursing Interventions frequently appeared as follows: Fall Prevention (45.9%), Environmental Management: Safety (27%), and Risk Identification (5.8%). Nursing diagnosis of Risk for Falls and the care process related to this diagnosis is starting to be used by the primary care nurses of the Community of Madrid. Risk factors related to the nursing diagnosis of risk for falls identified in our study can be addressed with activities that nurses must implement to prevent falls. Nursing methodology in general and specifically the diagnosis of risk for falls must be included in guides and protocols for the prevention of falls, and its use should be promoted by primary care nurses.

Identification of North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-Nursing Interventions Classification-Nursing Outcomes Classification of nursing home residents using on-time data by android smartphone application by registered nurses.

We aimed to investigate the nursing process linkages formed by Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) according to the primary NANDA-I diagnoses by registered nurses (RNs), customized to nursing home (NH) residents in Korea, using a developed smartphone application for NH RNs. This is a retrospective descriptive study. Applying quota sampling, a total of 51 NHs from all operating 686 NHs hiring RNs participated in this study. Data were collected from June 21 to July 30, 2022. Data on NANDA-I, NIC, NOC (NNN) of nurses applied to the NH residents were collected through a developed smartphone application. The application consists of general organization and residents' characteristics, NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC. RNs selected randomly up to 10 residents and NANDA-I with risk factors and related factors over the past 7 days, followed by all applied interventions out of 82 NIC. RNs then evaluated residents through 79 selected NOC. We found the frequently used NANDA-I diagnoses, Nursing Interventions Classifications and Nursing Outcomes and Classifications applied for NH residents by RNs and developed the top five NOC linkages used to build care plan. It is time to pursue high-level evidence and reply to the questions raised in NH practice using NNN with high technology. The outcomes for patients and nursing staff are improved by the continuity of care made possible by uniform language. NNN linkages should be used to construct and utilize the coding system of electronic health records or electronic medical records in Korean long-term care facilities.

In House Training 3S (SDKI. SLKI, SIKI) to Improve Nurses' Knowledge of 3S-Based Nursing Care

Nurses are obliged to carry out nursing practice in accordance with established standards. The standards set by PPNI (Indonesian Nation Nurses Association) as standards in carrying out nursing care are SDKI (Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards), SLKI (Indonesian Nursing Output Standards), and SIKI (Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards). In-House Training is one of the efforts to increase nurses' knowledge and skills in conducting 3S-based nursing documentation in accordance with the standards set by PPNI. This training aims to increase nurses' knowledge about 3S-based nursing care. This study is a quantitative study with a pre - posttest design approach without control sample consisting of 131 nurses in a private hospital taken via total sampling. The instrument used was a knowledge questionnaire that had been tested for validity using judgment validity with the result &gt; 0,3 that the all items were valid. Data normality test with Kolmogorov Smirnov with a significance value of 0.000 (abnormal data distribution). Data analysis using Wilcoxon test (sig 0.000). The mean value of the pretest was 43.84 and the mean value of the post test was 89.12. the lowest pretest value was 16 and the highest was 84, while the lowest posttest value (64), the highest posttest (100). A total of 130 nurses (99.23%) experienced an increase in post test scores. There was an increase in nurses' knowledge about 3S-based nursing care before and after training.

Experience of nurses using the basic nursing science in performing nursing care for patients at RSUD Dr. Soedomo Trenggalek, Indonesia

Introduction: The provision of humanistic and professional nursing care services needs to be carried out comprehensively, and it must cover patients’ bio-psycho-socio-spiritual aspects. This indicates nurses have to integrate all the basic nursing science, including physiology, anatomy, pharmacology, and pathophysiology, while carrying out their duties. This integration helps to provide the best care for their patients, but they often uncertain about the basic science approach to use. Therefore, this study aimsto explore the experience of nurses using basic nursing science in caring for patients with chronic diseases.&#x0D; Design and Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 5 nurses working in chronic disease wards for at least 5 years. Each respondent was then interviewed using a self-constructed questionnaire.&#x0D; Results: All respondents agreed that basic nursing science is important in providing quality healthcare services. Furthermore, six themes were identified using the thematic analysis, namely (1) the process of collecting patient data, which was more focused and organized; (2) required for establishing the nursing diagnosis; (3) useful for determining the nursing care plan; (4) it is a basis for implementing nursing actions; (5) provides a basis for monitoring and follow-up; (6) and teamwork between health personnel is more effective.&#x0D; Conclusions: Based on the interview results, nurses need knowledge and skills in basic nursing science while caring for patients with chronic diseases. Furthermore, basic nursing sciences lay the foundation for nurses while assessing patients, diagnosing, planning the care, implementing nursing actions, evaluating patients’ condition, and collaborating with other health personnel.&#x0D;

Impaired sleep pattern in rotary nursing internships according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA)

Introduction: Sleep is an indicator of quality of life, so good sleep leads to good academic and work performance, rotating interns, being subject to shifts and academic hours, usually present a deterioration in the sleep pattern since that it is postponed having 5 to 6 hours of rest. Objective: To analyze the deterioration of the sleep pattern in rotary nursing interns according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA). Methodology: This research is quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional. It uses the data collection with the application of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index survey in 78 nursing interns and its subsequent analysis in Excel and IBM SPSS 25. Results: it was possible to analyze the results in seven components: 1) subjective sleep quality, 2) sleep latency, 3) sleep duration, 4) habitual sleep efficiency, 5) sleep disturbances, 6) use of hypnotic medication, and 7) daytime dysfunction. Conclusion: there is a deterioration in the sleep pattern in rotating nursing interns with the presence of drowsiness and daytime dysfunction.

Accuracy of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion in patients with diabetic foot.

To evaluate the accuracy of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion in patients with diabetic foot. A diagnostic accuracy study with a cross-sectional design was carried out with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on outpatient diabetic foot treatment. We evaluated 134 patients with diabetic foot to determine the accuracy of the defining characteristics of ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion. A latent class model with random effects was used to establish the sensitivity and specificity of the defining characteristics assessed. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion was present in 83.79% of the patients. The defining characteristics color does not return to lowered limb after 1-minute leg elevation and edema had high sensitivity (0.8370 and 0.7213) and specificity (0.9991 and 0.9995). The defining characteristics color does not return to lowered limb after 1-minute leg elevation and edema are good clinical indicators that can be used for screening and confirming ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion in patients with diabetic foot.

An integrative review of defining characteristic of the nursing diagnosis "spiritual distress".

The aim of this study was to identify the defining characteristics of spiritual distress (00066). This study was conducted by integrated review method using Broom method. PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochran Library, and Persian scientific databases were searched from January 2010 to December 2020. Twenty-one article and 74 defining characteristics were identified. 33 of these defining characteristics was mentioned in NANDA. The criteria with the highest frequency and repetition in articles were lack of peace, lack of hope, change in anger behaviour, lack of meaning in life, change in fear and crying behaviour, Concern about belief and values system and/or God. Some of the spiritual distress defining characteristics overlap with other nursing diagnoses, including anxiety and hopelessness. Clinical and content validation studies need to be conducted and the main criteria for diagnosing spiritual distress in different cultures and religions need to be identified.