SYNOPSIS A nursery inoculation experiment with Casuarina cunninghamiana was conducted using naturalised and imported Frankiastrains, three soil types and fertiliser phosphate. Five months after inoculation seedling height was significantly affected byFrankia, fertiliser and soil type. There were significant differences in root weight attributable to Frankia, soil and fertiliser. Shoot weight differed among soil types. Mean plant nodule counts were affected by Frankia source and soil type. All three factors, Frankia, soil type and fertiliser significantly affected mean plant nodule weight. Frankia activity (mean plant nodule count and weight) was enhanced in nutrient-poor soils. Inoculation with either Frankia strain resulted in significantly higher foliar N and P levels. Fertiliser application also resulted in higher foliar P levels. The amounts of soil N and P remaining at the end of the experiment were dependent on soil type, fertiliser and Frankia by fertiliser combinations. The implications of these r...