Nursery Boxes Research Articles

Development of a New Plant Growth Regulator, Inabenfide

Inabenfide is a new plant growth regulator discovered and developed by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. The biggest change in rice culture in recent years in Japan has been the remarkable development in mechanization of rice-transplanting and rice harvesting. Thus, attention is being paid to development of seedling tough to withstanding mechanized transplantation and of culture techniques for preventing lodging of rice plants before harvesting. For these reasons, it has long been desired to establish good cultivation techniques or to develop plant growth regulation with the use of chemicals so that sufficiently tough seedlings and plants having good properties for mechanized harvesting can be realized. We have searched for several years to find compounds capable of regulating the growth of rice plants, and found that isonicotinanilide represented by the formula, 4′-chloro-2′-(α-hydroxybenzyl) isonicotinanilide (inabenfide, Seritard®), has excellent growth regulating activity. The treatment of inabenfide in nursery boxes strongly controlled growth of rice seedling after treatments with 0.01 to 1g per box, and resulted in good seedlings. When inabenfide was treated on rice paddies at a rate of 2.4kg per ha on either the 62nd, 52nd, 42nd, 32nd, 22nd and 12th day before heading, the resultant growth showed shorter plants and less tendency to lodge. As a result, the yield also increased, as did the number of panicles, percentage of well ripening, and 1000-Kernel weight. On the other hand, a large number of official trials carried out in Japan since 1981 have demonstrated the effective qualities of inabenfide. It is now registered for agriculture use in Japan and under developing in some countries in Southeast Asia. The action sites of inabenfide is the inhibition of oxidation of ent-Kaurene, ent-Kaurenol and ent-Kaurenal in GA biosynthesis. Inabenfide has several favourable properties: It is low in acute mammalia toxicity and fish toxicity, causes no skin and eye irritation, has no impact on usefull insects and no phytotoxicity.

Effect of pyroligneous acid and mixture of charcoal with pyroligneous acid on the growth and yield of rice plant.

Field and laboratory experiments were carried out in 1987 and 1988 in order to study the effects of pyroligneous acid and mixture of charcoal with pyroligneous acid (pyroligneous acid 1: charcoa1 4; Sannekka E) on the growth and yield of rice. The results of field experiments in 1987 showed that Sannekka E as a basal dressing increased the ear number and grain yield (17%), but in 1988 there was no difference in brown rice yield between Sannekka E applied plot and the control plot. However, field experiments in both years showed that Sannekka E increased root dry weight and also promoted root respiration rate. When Sannekka E was added to nursery boxes as a basal dressing and in solution culture, it promoted plant height, root length and branching of the root. From the result of sterile culture of root tip of rice, it was confirmed that pyroligneous acid induced to form new branched roots and elongate roots. It was showed that there was an optimum rate in pyroligneous acid applications and the action might be hormonal. The data also suggested that pyroligneous acid and Sannekka E promoted rice growth through the development of branched roots.

Pseudomonas plantarii sp. nov., the Causal Agent of Rice Seedling Blight

An aerobic, gram-negative bacterium that causes seedling blight of rice was isolated from diseased rice seedlings and bed soil in nursery boxes in Chiba and Niigata Prefectures, Japan. The cells are nonsporeforming and nonencapsulated straight rods (0.7 to 1.0 by 1.4 to 1.9 μm) that occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains and are motile with one to three polar flagella. The bacterium displays the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas and can be clearly differentiated from Pseudomonas glumae and Pseudomonas avenae, which are known to cause seedling diseases in rice grown in nursery boxes, and from other bacteria. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition is 64.8 mol% guanine plus cytosine. A new species, Pseudomonas plantarii sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NIAES 1723 (JCM 5492, AZ 8201). All strains of the new species produce the disease-causing substance tropolone (a nonbenzenoid aromatic compound with a seven-membered ring) and a reddish brown pigment which was considered to be a derivative of the substance.

Influence of Shading in the Early Stage, on Growth of Young Rice Seedlings Rased by Nursery Boxes

Influence of Shading in the Early Stage, on Growth of Young Rice Seedlings Rased by Nursery Boxes

Factors and Control of the Outbreak of "Murenae" in Middle Rice Seedlings Grown in Nursery Boxes. 3. The relationship between varietal differences in the outbreak of "Murenae" and the forms of seedling

Factors and Control of the Outbreak of "Murenae" in Middle Rice Seedlings Grown in Nursery Boxes. 3. The relationship between varietal differences in the outbreak of "Murenae" and the forms of seedling

Factors and Control of the Outbreak of "Murenae" in Middle Rice Seedlings Grown in Nursery Boxes. 4. The relationship between soil PH under the seedling box and the outbreak of "Murenae", and efficacy of growth regulators

Factors and Control of the Outbreak of "Murenae" in Middle Rice Seedlings Grown in Nursery Boxes. 4. The relationship between soil PH under the seedling box and the outbreak of "Murenae", and efficacy of growth regulators

Factors and Control of Outbreak of "Murenae" in Middle Rice Seedlings Grown in Nursery Boxes. 2. Influence of fertilized conditions on the outbreak of "Murenae"

Factors and Control of Outbreak of "Murenae" in Middle Rice Seedlings Grown in Nursery Boxes. 2. Influence of fertilized conditions on the outbreak of "Murenae"

RESEARCH NOTE

Elephant faeces from the Knysna Forest were sown in nursery boxes on a monthly basis for a full year. Even after allowing sufficient time for the possible prolonged germination time of some tree sp...

幼苗期におけるイネかっ条病の病徴

In Hokuriku area of Japan, a bacterial disease of rice seedlings showing new symptoms has been found in farmer's nursery boxes several years ago. Ten pathogenic isolates obtained from affected plants were identified as Pseudomonas avenae Manns by their bacteriological properties. The inoculation to rice seeds with the bacterium resulted in four types of symptoms i.e., brown stripe on leaf, inhibition of germination, curving of leaf sheath, and abnormal elongation of mesocotyl. Among them, brown stripe on leaf has been reported to be caused by the bacterium. The other three types of symptoms were first confirmed from the results of this experiment.

Inhibition of Non-parasitic Damping-off ("Murenae") of Young Rice Seedlings in Nursery Boxes I. Effect of 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole on damping-off and the growth of rice seedlings

Inhibition of Non-parasitic Damping-off ("Murenae") of Young Rice Seedlings in Nursery Boxes I. Effect of 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole on damping-off and the growth of rice seedlings