Numerical Ability Research Articles

Direct and Indirect Effects of Grandparent Education on Grandchildren's Cognitive Development: The Role of Parental Cognitive Ability

The social stratification literature is inconclusive about whether there is a direct effect of grandparent resources on grandchildren's educational outcomes net of parental characteristics. Some of this heterogeneity may be due to differences in omitted variable bias at the parental level. Our article accounts for a more extensive set of parent characteristics and explores the mediating role of parental cognitive ability in more detail. It further tackles methodological challenges (treatmentinduced mediator–outcome confounders, treatment–mediator interaction) in assessing any direct influences of grandparents by using a regression-with-residuals approach. Using the 1970 British Cohort Study, our results show that the direct effect of grandparent education on grandchildren's verbal and numerical ability is small and statistically nonsignificant. Parental cognitive ability alone can account for more than two-thirds (numerical ability) or half (verbal ability) of the overall grandparent effect. These findings stress the importance of cognitive ability for intergenerational social mobility processes.

Direct And Indirect Effects of Grandparent Education on Grandchildren’s Cognitive Development: The Role of Parental Cognitive Ability

The multigenerational social mobility literature is mainly interested in the direct effect of grandparent resources on grandchildren’s outcomes, that is, the effect not transmitted through any parent characteristics. Whereas this literature is ever-expanding, findings were inconclusive about whether there is a direct grandparent effect. Some of this heterogeneity may be due to differences in omitted variable bias at the parental level. Our paper contributes to this literature by accounting for a more extensive set of parent characteristics and exploring the mediating role of parental cognitive ability in greater detail. It further tackles methodological challenges (treatment-induced confounders, treatment-mediator interaction) in assessing any direct influences of grandparents by estimating the Natural Direct Effect (NDE) of grandparent education with a regression-with-residuals approach. Using the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), our results show that the direct effect of grandparent education on grandchildren’s verbal and numerical ability is small and statistically non-significant. Estimating the Natural Indirect Effect (NIE), cognitive ability alone can account for more than two-third (numerical ability) or half (verbal ability) of the grandparent effect. These findings stress the importance of cognitive ability for intergenerational social mobility processes. Implications for future research are discussed.

The Art of a Complex Giant System: Supercomputer in the World and China

Supercomputer also known as gigantic computer, refers to a kind of computer with the best performance, the strongest function, the fastest operation speed and the largest storage capacity among all kinds of computers in an era. Supercomputer is a kind of complex electronic giant system, has huge numerical calculation ability and data processing ability, and can calculate large and complex tasks that ordinary personal computers and servers cannot complete. It has been used in high-end technology and cutting-edge scientific research at the beginning. With the continuous progress of science and technology, the upgrading speed of computer is very fast. Therefore, Supercomputer has distinct temper of times, and its evaluation standard is also dynamic. It is an important embodiment of scientific and technological strength of the country and plays a huge role in promoting national economic development, social progress and national defense construction. The paper reviews the development of the international supercomputer and overview of supercomputer development in China. It analyzes the current situation of supercomputer R&D, shows the supercomputer technology problem and innovation-storage access wall, communication wall, reliability wall, energy consumption wall. This paper also looks forward to the future of supercomputer, so as to provide some reference for scholars in related fields.

Reflections on <em>Innumeracy in the Wild</em>

Peters, E. (2020). Innumeracy in the Wild: Misunderstanding and Misusing Numbers. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press) 315 pp. ISBN 978-0190861094 This piece briefly introduces and excerpts Innumeracy in the Wild: Misunderstanding and Misusing Numbers, written by Ellen Peters and published by Oxford University Press. Through a state-of-art review of the literature, the book explains how numeric ability supports the quality of the decisions people make and the life outcomes they experience. It presents three ways that people can be good or bad with numbers and how each of these numeric competencies matter to decision making.

Educational Experiment for Hyphotetical Simulation on Line in a Pandemic Context with Natural Sciences Students

During the years 2020 and 2021, in practically all the universities in the world, face-to-face school activities were suspended, causing a great negative impact in those disciplines where practical practices of an experimental nature or carrying out field work are essential. With the intention of bringing first-time students to the biology degree at UNAM-Iztacala, an experimental exercise was designed, applied and evaluated, with true data that came from an exploration of numerical skills shown by the same students, practice that was done online. Being an experiment, linked to mathematics education and given the pandemic situation that is still in force, an attempt was made to extend with due epistemological prudence, the behavior of the results of the numerical ability observed in these students, with some indicators on the way in which the immunization of human communities with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic is presumably being achieved. Recognizing the notorious difference between the domains of a presumed “numerical sufficiency” on the part of the examined students and that which concerns a presumable “immunization” in a hypothetical population, the exercise did allow to make some analogies, between the predictions of results that can be expected and what is observed in an experimental trial.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TGT (TEAM GAME TOURNAMENT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN NUMERIK SISWA KELAS V SD

This research aims to describe the effect of the TGT (Team Game Tournament) type learning model to improve students' learning outcomes in terms of numerical abilities. The population in this research were fifth grade elementary school students in the Setuta village, District Janapria, Central Lombok Regency, in the academic year 2019/2020, with a sample of 68 students'. The sample of this research was using random sampling technique. Data on Numerical ability and mathematics learning outcomes were collected through tests and analyzed using two-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey's test. The results of this research indicate that the TGT cooperative learning model has a significantly better impact on mathematics learning outcomes compared to conventional ones. Thus it can be concluded that the used of TGT cooperative learning can improve student learning outcomes, both cognitive and affective. In addition, TGT cooperative learning was very pleased by students, it was proven that the students gave a positive response with the happy attitude scale category.

STUDENT'S NUMERICAL ABILITY PROFILE REVIEWED BY GENDER

The purpose of this study is to describe the numerical abilities of male and female students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 10 Kendari; and to analyze the differences in numerical abilities of male and female students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 10 Kendari. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research with the population in this study is all grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 10 Kendari which number 157 students. Sampling using total sampling techniques selected a sample of 157 students as well. Data collection techniques use students' numerical ability tests. Based on the results of the data analysis and discussion obtained conclusions: (1) numerical ability reviewed gender for grade VIII students of State Junior High School 10 Kendari is in the low category of both male and female students; (2) no difference in the numerical ability of Grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 10 Kendari is reviewed by gender.

Kompetensi Numerasi Siswa SMK Ditinjau dari Gender dan Berbagai Kesulitannya

Numeration is a basic ability part of the minimum competency assessment (MCA) that is important in understanding current global information patterns. The main purpose of this study was to determine differences in the numerical competence of students in terms of gender and various difficulties. The case study research was carried out on 91 students of Al Munawwariyyah Vocational School, Kab. Malang. The t test results showed that there were no differences in the numerical ability of boy and girl students. Some difficulties experienced by students in solving numerical problems include comparing two data from diagrams 54.9%, analyzing table data 61.6%, evaluating values on questions based on the table reference 63.8%, and comparing two graphs with the same function 39.6%. It is recommended to do more mature debriefing for students to prepare for the actual numeracy test in the coming year.

Savings goals and wealth allocation in household financial portfolios

Abstract We investigate how savings goals relate to wealth allocation and how this relationship is moderated by financial advice and numerical ability. Using panel data from a large household survey we find that as the number and the time horizon of savings goals increases, portfolios shift from safe assets to both fairly safe assets and risky assets. We also find that households with access to multiple sources of financial advice and independent financial advice hold more fairly safe and risky assets and that independent financial advice enhances the influence of savings goals on wealth allocation to fairly safe and risky assets. Overall we find that the possession of savings goals is associated with long term saving activity, and this is particularly evident for those with low levels of numerical ability. By enabling the formation of savings goals, the financial planning process can facilitate long-term investment in risky assets.

A study on verbal and numerical reasoning aptitude of college going students

Aptitude is a pronounced innate capacity or ability in a given line of endeavor such as a particular art, subject or vocation. The present study was done by using the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) developed by George et al. (1947). The randomly selected sample consisted of 120 boys & girls from all four basic faculties like Arts, Commerce, Science and Home Science in the age range 15 to 25 years. The findings of the study denoted that the verbal reasoning ability of Science students was comparatively higher than all other faculty students. The numerical ability of Commerce students reflected very low in comparison with the Home Science, Arts and Science students. There was a positive and significant correlation between the faculties of the students and their gender in verbal reasoning ability. The numerical ability of the students in the various faculty had significant negative correlation between the gender (-0.240) and family size (-0.205).

Understanding ethnic inequalities in hearing health in the UK: a cross-sectional study of the link between language proficiency and performance on the Digit Triplet Test

IntroductionResearch using the UK Biobank data has shown ethnic inequalities in hearing health; however, the hearing test used may exhibit a disadvantage for non-native language speakers.ObjectivesTo validate the results of...

Role of Community Radio in Enhancing the Basic Mathematical Skills of Citizens in India

This study was carried out with the specific objectives of mapping the present level of mathematical skills of community members, and their radio listening behaviour preferences, with a view to making recommendations for the nature of radio programmes to be produced and broadcast among community members to enhance their numerical ability. To this end, the study employed quantitative research design, which involved the survey of a sample of 12,000 respondents taken from among the community members constituting the audience of the community radio stations in the country. The study employed multi-stage sampling to first identify 12 community radio stations, in the first instance, followed by the identification of one thousand households in each of these community radio stations and one respondent from each of the selected households, giving due consideration to the parity of gender. The data collected from each of these 12,000 respondents was processed with the help of descriptive statistical tools to arrive at inferences necessary to achieve the purposes of the study. The study revealed that while community members were comfortable in solving simple mathematical sums and calculating their wages, they experienced difficulties in the use of mathematical skills in the computation of interest, discount, percentage and conversion of scales of measurement. The study further revealed that community members listened to radio extensively and were eager to not just listen to radio programmes based on the imparting of mathematical skills but also willing to adopt a participatory approach in their production, based on their competencies.

Evolution and stability of tile detachment – Experiments and modeling

Detachment of bonded tiles undermines the aesthetics, functionality, and safety of innumerable buildings world-wide. The plate-type interfacial debonding mechanisms that are the root cause of tile detachments are difficult to observe and monitor because they are hidden by opaque external layers. This invisibility, together with the brittle nature of tile detachments, raises questions regarding the triggering, the two-dimensional evolution, and the stability features of the interfacial failure. The present study adopts a combined experimental–numerical approach to address these questions. Through the use of transparent tiles, the full process of tile detachments under a concentrated pullout load is novelly captured on video. The experimental force displacement curves reveal that the interfacial mechanism becomes unstable at critical points. Numerical modeling based on an inhouse specially tailored finite element formulation is used to further explore and interpret the experimental findings. Comparisons between the experimental and numerical results show the numerical model's ability to closely follow the debonding evolution and capture the variety of experimentally observed phenomena.

The Correlation between Mathematics Anxiety, Numerical Ability and Drug Calculation Ability of Paramedic Students: An Explanatory Mixed Method Study.

IntroductionNumeracy is the ability to reason and to apply simple numerical concepts. Numerical and drug calculation skills are essential for patient safety. Health-care providers who perform drug calculation in their work required good math skills, especially numerical ability. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between numerical ability, math anxiety and drug calculation performance and to explore the factors that contribute to drug calculation ability among paramedic students.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed-method approach that included a paper-based questionnaire followed by face-to-face interviews was used in this study. The participants completed a 30-minute survey that is composed of demographics, the 10-item Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS), a 12-question numerical ability test (NAT) and a 9-question drug calculation ability test (DCAT) and then were invited for a structured interview.ResultsThe mean MARS scores were higher for the second-year students than the third students. The NAT and DCAT scores for the third-year students were higher than the second-year students. There was a significant difference in the mean drug calculation ability test scores (DCAT) (t (106) = 2.13, p = 0.035 and Cohen’s d = 0.43 between males (5.05 (2.32)) and females (4.03 (2.43))). Math education prior joining the university (beta = 0.862, p = 0.030) made the strongest unique contribution when controlling for the other variables followed by numerical ability (beta =0.25, p <0.001). The themes that emerged from the interviews included the impact of technology, classmates’ impact, mathematics competence and the mental block.ConclusionDrug calculation is fundamental in paramedic practice. It is affected by the numerical ability of the students and is negatively and indirectly impacted by mathematics anxiety. Modifications of a paramedic program curriculum can improve student’s ability to think critically and to overcome medication dosage problems.

Testing a best practices risk result format to communicate genetic risks

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a genetic report format using risk communication "best-practices" on risk perceptions, in part to reduce risk overestimates. MethodsAdults (N = 470) from the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative (CPMC) were randomized to a 2 × 2 experimental design to receive a hypothetical "personalized" genetic risk result for leukemia (relative risk = 1.5 or 2.5) through either the standard CPMC report (N = 232) or an enriched report informed by best practices (N = 238). A one-time, online survey assessed numeracy and risk perceptions including “feelings of risk” and a numerical estimate. ResultsRegardless of numeracy, participants who received the enriched report had fewer overestimates of their lifetime risk estimate (LRE; odds ratio = 0.19, p < .001) and lower feelings of risk on two of three measures (p < .001). Participants with higher numeracy scores had fewer overestimates of LRE (OR = 0.66, p < .001) and lower feelings of risk on two out of three measures (p ≤ .01); the interaction between numeracy and report format was non-significant. ConclusionThe enriched report produced more accurate LRE and lower risk perceptions regardless of numeracy level, suggesting the enriched format was helpful to individuals irrespective of numeracy ability. Practice implicationsBest practice elements in risk reports may help individuals form more accurate risk perceptions.

The abstraction process of junior high school students

The background of this study is in fact that students’ abstraction process still low in geometry. Straight-line equations are a prerequisite in understanding geometry material further. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the process of student abstraction in straight line equations. The population in this study are Eight Graders from one of the junior high schools in Cimahi City, with the selection of research subjects, namely schools in the medium cluster category in Cimahi City. and the samples in this study are 3 students that categorized on high, medium and low abilities. This research is a descriptive qualitative study. The instrument of the research is a test that is analysed to see and measure the student’s abstraction process which appears in straight line equations. The results of the analysis and observations show that the abstraction process from 3 students who categorized based on high, medium and low ability, shows different ability on abstraction process on the criteria of verbal reasoning, numerical ability, and abstract reasoning. Students with high ability category have high variable reasoning ability, high numerical ability and high abstract reasoning as well. While students with medium abilities have high variable reasoning abilities, moderate numerical abilities and medium abstract reasoning. For students with low ability categories have low variable reasoning ability, moderate numerical ability and low abstract reasoning. So this process of abstraction can be seen from students with high ability categories. As for students of medium and low ability, need more guidance so that their abstraction process can improve.

Increasing mathematical understanding ability using quantum teaching hypnoteaching-based in elementary school teacher education students

The absence of empirical understanding of the understudies is the product of less certainly applicable learning frameworks. Quantum Showing depending upon hypnoteching is a finding that is focused on the advancement of understudies of scientific understanding because the information can be explained by means of this model in an effective and competent manner and also because the structures of hypnoteching are anxious to learn while research. This thesis is an exploratory analysis. There are 50 semester understudies from ESTE in this study which have been haphazardly selected. A Quantum Display class is given based on hypnoteaching (QTH), and standard training (OL) is given in a control class. The methods used are: study, interpretation sheet and meeting guide. Knowledge analysis techniques in this study use t-test. The consequence of this research is that QTH testing has a better theoretical perception than OL analysis. Because of the degree of early (large, medium and small) numerical ability, medium and low capacities understudies have seen major differences, but not for high capability understudies. In view of the reaction that occurred during the study, understudies with QTH displayed a movement and stronger ability than OL.

Simulation Study on Solenoid Valve of Hydraulic Control Unit

In the research and development and improvement of the wet double-clutch automatic transmission, the hydraulic control unit has always been the focus of attention in the industry, and the working characteristics of the solenoid valve will directly affect the control effect of the hydraulic control unit, which in turn affects the quality of the vehicle’s shifting action. [1]This article is based on a hydraulic control unit, using its rich component library on the AMESim software platform, according to the working principle of the solenoid valve, the simulation model of various types of solenoid valves in the hydraulic control unit is established, and the exploration design module is used to the various parameters in the valve that are not easy to obtain directly are identified based on genetic algorithm, and the parameters in the model are optimized; then the S function is generated through the interface in AMESim, and each solenoid valve is simulated with the help of the numerical calculation ability of Matlab to obtain The simulation results of the solenoid valve working process are presented.[2, 3].

THE EFFECT OF MACROMEDIA FLASH BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE THE ABILITY TO CALCULATE OF STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

This study aims to determine the effect of Macromedia Flash-based learning media to improve the numeracy ability of grade 1 students. The population in this study were 30 students of Class 1 at SDN Bina Harapan as an experimental group and 30 students at Class 1 at SDN 1 Sudimampir as a control group. This research is an experimental research using Quasi Experiment design. The technique in collecting data uses the method of observation, tests, and documentation. The analysis used is a non-parametric test using the man Whitney test. The results of the Mann Whitney analysis on the pretest data obtained the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.532 &gt; significance level a = 0.05 so that the initial abilities of students to count in the experimental class and the control class is the same while the results of the Mann Whitney analysis on posttest data obtained Asymp values. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.005 &lt; of the significance level a = 0.05 so that the final abilities of students are different. So, Macromedia Flash 8 based learning media significant influence on elementary students' numeracy skills

Enhancing children’s numerical skills through a play-based intervention at kindergarten and at home: a quasi-experimental study

Early number skills are critical predictors of academic achievement, which is why focusing on their instruction from the very beginning of education is recommended. Young children’s number knowledge is also strongly influenced by home numeracy practices. This 12-week quasi-experimental study tested whether early number skills could be enhanced by a play-based intervention implemented at kindergarten (aged 4–6 years) by the teachers and whether providing numerical games to families delivered added value. A total of 569 children from 46 kindergarten classes were assigned either to the first treatment condition in which games were played only at kindergarten, or to the second treatment condition in which games were played at kindergarten and at home, or to the business-as-usual control condition. Measures of numerical ability were collected at pretest and posttest and analyzed through item response theory and multilevel modeling. Results indicated that playing the games at kindergarten allowed children with average and above-average initial performance to make more progress than children in the control group, while providing the games at home allowed low achievers from various backgrounds to progress more than in the other conditions. Implications for early mathematics instruction and for home-based intervention studies are discussed.