Number Of Servicemen Research Articles

THE IMPERATIVE OF INSTITUTING A MILITARY OMBUDSMAN AND ITS POTENTIAL FRAMEWORKS

The Secretariat of the Human Rights Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine includes the Department for Monitoring the Observance of Rights in the Defense Sector and the Rights of Veterans and Servicemen, Prisoners of War and Their Family Members. The Department’s main task is to ensure that the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Observance of the Constitutional Rights and Freedoms of Servicemen exercises his or her powers. During 2022, the Human Rights Commissioner recorded a more than twenty-fold increase in appeals by servicemen regarding the violation of their rights compared to the previous year. In addition, the range of issues on which servicemen and their family members are appealing has expanded. In 2020–2021, the majority of appeals and complaints were related to military service conditions, timely payments, including adequate financial support for the families of fallen servicemen, pension recalculations, and non-compliance by the Pension Fund of Ukraine and other state bodies with court decisions restoring the rights of military personnel, military pensioners and members of their families. During 2022–2023, appeals also included the search for missing persons and the return of captives. The latter account for 72 % of all appeals. At the same time, the percentage of responses to these appeals is extremely low. The published data indicate that the Department for Monitoring the Observance of Rights in the Defense Sector and the Rights of Veterans and Servicemen, Prisoners of War and Their Family Members might not fully cover social and legal protection of these groups. The low response rate compared to the volume of complaints about human rights violations in the security and defense sector may be due to the lack of funding and the lack of qualified specialists. Given the ongoing war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, the number of appeals will increase, and the volume of unresolved issues will most likely accumulate. Therefore, taking current realities into account, the increase in the number of servicemen and other defense sector employees, it is advisable to follow best practices worldwide and separate the institute of the military ombudsman from the institute of the Parliamentary Human Rights Commissioner. This can be done by introducing an appropriate legislative act and establishing an independent structure with expanded powers regarding veterans, prisoners of war and civilian hostages with its own financing and staff.

Analysis of the organization and conduct of sports events in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the armed forces of the leading states – NATO member states with military personnel with limited functional capabilities

During the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, defending their country from the aggressor, received injuries of various degrees of severity, including amputation of limbs. After receiving injuries and wounds, servicemen go through significant psychological and physical disorders, which are difficult for them to deal with alone. Therefore, with the specified category of servicemen, it is necessary to carry out medical, psychological, and physical rehabilitation, as well as to develop programs for their adaptation to civilian life with the mandatory involvement of them in sports events. The Russian-Ukrainian war leads to an increase in the number of servicemen with limited functional capabilities. This indicates the search for optimal ways of their adaptation to the normal conditions of existence and functioning in the social environment and among the collective of their units and parts. Unfortunately, historical analysis shows that our servicemen with limited functional capabilities are in urgent need of social adaptation, especially with the start of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine since 2014, in connection with Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine. That is why various sports federations, public organizations and active public figures in Ukraine hold competitions involving servicemen with limited functional capabilities, namely; "National Invincible Games", "Strong of Ukraine", "Kyiv Unbreakable", "Hero Games", "Veteran Ten", "Invincible Cup" football, "Strong of Ukraine", "I am your hand" and others. According to the results of the performances, the best athletes with disabilities represent our country at international level competitions, such as the Invictus Games.

Роль та вплив психологічної підготовленості військовослужбовців на виконання завдань військово-професійної діяльності

The constant involvement of military personnel in the performance of duties in extreme conditions can contribute to maladaptation, a decrease in the body’s adaptability to various environmental conditions, neuropsychological overstrain, and the emergence of persistent negative mental states in them. Therefore, the problem of forming the psychological readiness of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to perform the tasks of military and professional activity in today’s conditions is urgent, because not only the effectiveness of the professional activity of servicemen, but also their personal safety depends on such readiness. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of performing the tasks of military professional activity on the psychological preparedness of military personnel. Research methods: аnalysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. More than 70 sources of information were analyzed and 32 sources of literature were singled out, the material of which was processed using general scientific methods. 47 cadets of the first year and 49 cadets of the third and fourth year of the specialty «Managing the actions of mechanized troops» took part in the experiment – with the aim of determining the level of professional training according to the relevant standards and tests of the «Collection of standards for combat training of the Ground Forces» and the «Rifle shooting course» of weapons and military equipment» and 81 servicemen (three groups of servicemen (platoons, groups) with 27 men each) whose level of preparation and training period was reliably equal (р>0.05) – in order to determine the effectiveness of the proposed exercises for gait development further performance of a combat mission aged 17-24 years (19.6±0.2 years). Results. I t w as e stablished t hat t he m ajority o f servicemen of mechanized units are afraid to carry out some standards of combat training in the presence of extreme conditions and the use of factors of the combat situation. The analysis of personal cards showed that 13.8 % of servicemen, 36.7 % of soldiers are not able to fulfill the standards for a positive assessment, and 49.5 % fulfill the standards with confusion and with the help of partners, instructors. Conclusions. The analysis of the indicators of further implementation of combat training standards indicate insufficient psychological readiness of servicemen to perform assigned tasks. The number of infantrymen who independently and fully fulfill the standards is 46.0 % of the personnel, 54.0 % of soldiers are unable to independently and confidently fulfill the standards for a positive result. At the same time, the number of servicemen who are not confident and cannot independently fulfill the standards of professional training of servicemen among the cadets of the first courses of study (48.9 %) and senior courses of study (45.6 %) does not differ reliably (р>0.05). The study of the performance of the combat task by the servicemen of the three formed groups showed that not a single group was able to fully perform the assigned combat task.

Pension provision for Ukrainian military personnel: national and regional dimensions

Over the past year, Ukraine has faced the challenge of protecting the integrity of its borders, the lives and health of its citizens, and the existence of the Ukrainian state as a whole. On February 24, 2022, the russian federation launched a full-scale war against Ukraine. Ukrainian servicemen and women have been defending the country's sovereignty from aggressors on a daily basis. Due to these events, the number of servicemen and their families began to increase significantly throughout Ukraine, given the constant mobilization of citizens to the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine notes that as of 2022, about 11 million people in Ukraine received pensions, of whom more than 540,000 were military pensioners. However, it is worth noting that the average amount of pensions received by the military in 2022 was about UAH 8,500, which confirms the low level of pension payments to this category of citizens. It should be noted that the average pension of a serviceman in Ukraine is several times lower than the average pension of a serviceman in the United States or one of the European countries (10 times lower than in the United States). This proves that the issue of reforming Ukraine's pension system to create an effective pension mechanism that could guarantee an adequate standard of living for military personnel in retirement is currently acute. After all, building an effective system of social protection for military personnel is a direct responsibility of our state. Accordingly, in the article, the authors identify and analyze the main aspects of pension provision for servicemen and their families in Ukraine, in particular in the Lviv region, namely: the amount of pension payments, depending on the types of pensions to which the serviceman is entitled, and the total amount of expenditures on pension provision for servicemen and their families in Ukraine, in particular in the Lviv region. The analysis provides an assessment of the state of pension provision for military personnel and their families, and formulates practical recommendations for improving the pension provision of this category of pensioners for further reform.

Medical and social features of providing medical care for population with mild traumatic brain injury due to blast wave action

Due to the war in Ukraine, the number of servicemen and civilians with a mild form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by the blast has increased. Pathogenesis, clinic, treatment, rehabilitation of patients with TBI differ from these parameters in patients with trauma in peacetime (mainly road and sports). The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the pathogenesis, clinic and features of the treatment of trauma caused by the blast wave, with the organization of medical care for this category of patients. The article also highlights some issues of quality of life of patients and the social significance of the consequences of the disease in light of the prevalence of pathology. The methods of system analysis and bibliosemantic method were used in the research. Statistical data and scientific publications on the incidence and consequences of TBI, its long-term consequences, features of treatment and rehabilitation have been studied. The main consequence of the explosive trauma is concussion, the reverse state, the pathogenesis of which is based on temporary functional disorders. Such concussions are accompanied by cerebral symptoms (without further focal neurological symptoms), autonomic vascular reactions, temporary loss of consciousness and memory. General practitioners, physical therapists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychia­trists, psychologists, traumatologists, resuscitators, otolaryngologists, and rehabilitation specia­lists should be involved in providing medical care to the victims. Medical facilities providing medical care to victims should be provided with drugs for the treatment of headache (tension pain and migraine pain), dizziness, vertigo, loss of consciousness, tinnitus, sleep disorders, cognitive disorders. Given the importance of the regime for the successful treatment and rehabilitation of patients, physicians should have sufficient time to consult patients, which should be taken into account when planning his workload. Keywords: traumatic brain injury, medical and social consequences, the quality of life of patients.

Improvement of physical qualities of servicemants, who received concusion of the brain

Ensuring a high level of combat capability of servicemen is a necessary and sufficient condition for their successful fulfillment of the task of defending our state. The activity of a serviceman is characterized by increased physical and mental stress, the impact on the psyche of various stressors, performing tasks in special conditions associated with risk to life and health [1, 2, 3]. However, extreme stress, eating disorders and rest, as well as other harmful factors of work, no doubt, reduce the body’s adaptive reserves and lead to the development of maladaptation syndrome, psycho-emotional status and disability [4].The participation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in hostilities in the east of the country has led to a significant increase in the number of servicemen with combat injuries, mutilations or injuries. According to experts, almost all participants in hostilities have health problems, in particular 2–3 times higher probability of diseases such as hypertension, gastritis, osteochondrosis, spinal hernia [5; 6]. One of the most common combat injuries is contusion, its prevalence among the total number of injuries is 70 [7; 8; 9; 10]. Changes in mental and physical states are observed in servicemen with contusions [5; 11; 12]. This contingent of servicemen is important for the Ukrainian army, as their combat experience is important as a basis for the development and improvement of military training. But their health can be an obstacle to the successful performance of their duties.Therefore, the purpose of our study is to substantiate, develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive program of ergogenic orientation for servicemen after contusion to increase their combat capability. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are defined:- analysis and generalization of modern scientific and methodological approaches to the recovery and rehabilitation of servicemen who had combat injuries;- analysis of the peculiarities of the way of life and the state of special physical qualities of servicemen who had contusions as factors that ensure combat readiness;- substantiation and development from the theoretical and methodological standpoint of measures to optimize the lifestyle and physical training program for servicemen who have suffered a concussion.Material: The article analyzes and summarizes modern scientific and methodological approaches to the recovery and rehabilitation of servicemen who have suffered injuries, substantiates measures to optimize lifestyles and physical training programs for servicemen who have suffered a concussion.Results: Our previous studies have found that the dosed use of exercise balances the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system, enhances its regulatory role in coordinating the activities of important organs and systems involved in the pathological process

Социальная психика и замкнутые коммуникативные потоки как макро- и микрохарактеристики состояния воинского коллектива

In this article, the object of research is the military personnel as a system, and the subject of research is the synergetic property of the system, namely the social psyche. The main objective of the study is to quantitatively describe the system microstatuses (the number of system elements, the maximum number of servicemen included in closed separate communication streams, the total number of these streams). At the macrolevel, a measure of the statistical uncertainty of the social psyche is calculated as a synergistic property of the system. The sociometry method (D.L. Moreno), graph theory and the algorithm for calculating Hamiltonian paths (N. Christophides) are used to identify any military personnel included in closed communication streams. Boltzmann's method of calculating the entropy is used as the initial entropy formula. As a result of the study, recommendations are obtained for restructuring the leadership style, using the tendencies towards organization and disorganization in the personnel making. The novelty of the article lies in formulating the problem of determining the measure of the statistical uncertainty of the social psyche, in proving the significance of the natural scientific approach in describing and identifying the elements of the system (military personnel) and in the quantitative description of the synergetic phenomena of a social group.

The medical and social importance of mental and behavior disorders among military personnel in peacetime and warfare

Introduction. The considerable numbers of servicemen who have applied for psychiatric help and who have been discharged for mental health from the Armed Forces of Ukraine testify the need to revise the whole system of providing psychiatric, psychomedical, and social aid to servicemen in warfare. Purpose. To identify medical and social aspects of mental and behavioral disorders among servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in peacetime and warfare for justification the developing and implementing the system of psychomedical care in Ukrainian Defense Forces with NATO standards adaptation. Methods. A retrospective analysis of statistical data on the level, structure, dynamics of the overall incidence rate of mental disorders as well as hospitalized morbidity among the military personnel of Ukrainian Armed Forces and health status dismissal based on long-term observation data (2008-2017) as well as comparison of indicators of the period 2008-2013 and 2014-2017 based on official statistical reporting has been performed. The statistical processing of the sample results was carried out using descriptive statistics and analysis of alternative characteristics. Results. It was discovered that in the structure of the total incidence of mental disorders among the military personnel of Ukrainian Armed Forces on class F (ICD-10) for the period of 2014-2017 years there was a significant redistribution of all categories of military personnel in comparison with 2008-2013 (among officers as well as contract servicemen, the overall incidence rate of mental disorders decreased dependably). The proportion of disorders of adult personality and behavior with other syndromes (F50-F99) significantly increased due to a significant decrease of neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform complaints cases. Conclusions. The overall incidence rate of mental disorders, as well as hospitalized morbidity within the structure of overall incidence rate of diseases in 2008-2017 for officers and contract servicemen, significantly increased with peak values in 2015 (p≤0.001) with further decreasing in 2016-2017 years, but among conscripts - remained unchanged. It has been established that starting from 2014, the indicators of discharges among officers have tended to increase with the maximum rates in 2015 (compared to 2013 by 7 times higher) and contract servicemen in 2016 (compared to 2013 by 5.3 times higher) with a further decrease. The identified features of mental health disorder in servicemen and their consequences according to long-term observation (both in peacetime and in warfare) are the keysto the development and implementation of the proposed psychomedical care system in defense forces readapted to NATO standards.

Право на здійснення релігійних обрядів під час проходження військової служби представниками національних меншин Російської імперії (ХІХ – поч. ХХ ст.)

Voitsekhivska D. Yu. The right to perform religious rites during military service by representativesof national minorities of the Russian Empire (XIX – early XX centuries). – Article.The problem of formation and realization of the right to perform religious rites by representatives of nationalminorities of the Russian Empire during their military service is considered in the article.The article examines the evolution of the tsarist government’s policy of extending military service to thelargest non-Orthodox national minorities living in the southern Ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire. It issubstantiated that during the XIX century. there is a gradual reduction of previously granted privileges relatedto release from military service and an increase in the number of servicemen who did not belong to the Orthodoxfaith. This, in turn, forces the government to regulate religious relations in the armed forces.Based on the analysis of the legal framework, the main groups of legally enshrined religious rights of servicemenare characterized, which are: to take an oath in the presence of a clergyman of their religion, to performrites determined by their faith, to visit religious institutions, the right of admittance to military units of ecclesiasticsandorganization of places of worship by them, etc. Adhering to the proclaimed principle of religious tolerance,the tsarist government extended these norms to representatives of all officially recognized denominations.The analysis of the practice of religious rights realization of servicemen in the XIX – early XX century wascarried out. There are facts that testify the successful exercise of religious rights and freedoms of servicemen,as well as the existence of restrictions and prohibitions on the right to perform religious rites by membersof national minorities during their military service. The state policy on the issue of granting legal statusto military priests of non-Orthodox denominations is analyzed, its inconsistent and contradictory characteris determined.

Differentiation of criminal liability for various forms of high treason

The article is devoted to the differentiation of criminal liability for various forms of treason. Using the experience of Ukraineafter the occupation of its territories by the Russian Federation in 2014 and legal doctrine, analyzed some forms of crime under Art. 111of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.Such forms of treason are considered as: 1) transition to the side of the enemy in a state of martial law or during an armed conflict;2) espionage; 3) providing assistance to a foreign state, foreign organization or their representatives in carrying out subversive activitiesagainst Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the statistics of convictions for treason and the actual number of servicemen, lawenforcement officers, judges, and civil servants who have sided with the enemy differ significantly. Difficulties and contradictions inlaw enforcement are revealed, ways of their elimination are offered.Based on the study of each of the forms of treason, the responsibility for which is provided by Art. 111 of the Criminal Code ofUkraine, revealed a significant difference in the degree of public danger of such acts. Analysis of the practice of national courts also showsthat for this crime under Art. 69 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine often imposed a milder punishment than provided by law. Ta king intoaccount the above, as well as the experience of the legislation of states such as Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, it is proposed to providein a separate article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to allocate such a form of treason as providing assistance to a foreign state, foreignorganization or their representatives. According to the author, this act should be defined as a not particularly serious crime, which shouldbe punishable by imprisonment for up to ten years. This will avoid the unjustified severity of the criminal law, and in the event of a politicaldecision to reintegrate the occupied territories, apply amnesty to those who will be prosecuted for such a crime after the conviction.

ANALYSIS OF SHORTCOMINGS IN MEDICAL CARE PROVIDING TO SERVICEMEN IN THE NATIONAL MILITARY MEDICAL CLINICAL CENTER "MAIN MILITARY CLINICAL HOSPITAL"

Assessing the quality of medical care, identifying defects in its provision, studying the shortcomings of medical activities are extremely important not only for forensic expertise or law enforcement practice, but also for all clinical medicine. For the purpose of clinical and anatomical analysis as well as the creation of classification of medical errors which most often occur in the conditions of military medical and preventive institution, revealing of their reasons in National military medical clinical center "Main military clinical hospital" (Kyiv) research was carried out in the period 2016− In 2018, the defects in the provision of medical care were analyzed using medical records, protocols of pathological examinations, acts of meetings of the commission for the study of lethal consequences, as well as reviews of medical records. It was established that erroneous actions of the medical doctors occurred during diagnosis, treatment, medical records, as well as in the organizational support of medical activities. In 2016, 32 defects were identified, in 2017 this number was 29, and in 2018 that was 37. Inadequate medical care was usually provided in insufficient quantities and late. The largest number of servicemen by category fell on the officer corps, the smallest one did on army conscripts. It has been proven that defects in class XI (digestive diseases), in class X (respiratory diseases), and also in class VI (diseases of the nervous system) occurred much more often. The main shortcomings in the organization of medical care for servicemen were unrecognized underlying diseases and errors in maintaining medical records. The causes of recognized defects are objective difficulties of diagnosis, shortcomings in the organization of the treatment process and the atypical course of the disease. The identified shortcomings in the provision of medical care to servicemen and their internal/external reasons should be taken into account when organizing a more effective treatment process in medical institutions of our country. Key words: National Military Medical Clinical Center "Main Military Clinical Hospital", shortcomings in medical care provision, servicemen.

Social issues of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine personnel management

The article presents an analysis of the results of officers’ survey of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (SBGSU), which was conducted to study the current state of solving socially important issues for SBGSU servicemen that may cause staff turnover and problems in SBGSU personnel management. This problem is characteristic not only to SBGSU, but also of other law enforcement agencies of Ukraine and foreign countries. To this end, the works of scientists, data statistics reports from different sources were studied, as well as the survey of 112 servicemen who are serving at the SBGSU in different positions and in different areas of professional activity was conducted. Generalization and interpreting the survey results made it possible to find out about officers’ attitudes to service at SBGSU bodies and to assess the status of social issues solving. It is concluded that such circumstances are one of the main factors that a large number of servicemen do not want to continue contracts for military service at SBGSU after the first contract closure at a young age. It has a great importance for resolving staffing issues and determining which issues should be given greater attention in future, including the legislative level. This is important for search appropriate options for the content of the personnel policy and the social and legal support of SBGSU servicemen. Stability ensuring of the personnel will help to increase the general level of professional skill and correspondingly ensure the security of the state border, increase the effectiveness of counteracting illegal activities, management of the state border security in modern conditions.f the state border security in modern conditions.

Comparative analysis of medical and statistical indicators of morbidity in the military serving under contract in the Navy and Land Forces of Russia (2003–2018)

Relevance. When solving military-professional tasks during the period of reforming the Armed Forces of Russia, military servicemen under contract (sergeants, foremen, privates and sailors) are given a special role, and in a number of units they must replace conscripts.Intention To analize medical and statistical morbidity indicators of military personnel under contract in the Navy and the Land Forces of Russia.Methods. We studied medical reports on the state of health of personnel and medical service activity according to Form 3 / MED of military units, in which about 60% of the total number of servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces served from 2003 to 2018. Morbidity indicators were correlated with the International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (ICD-10).Results and Discussion. As a rule, the military personnel under contract in the Russian Navy had lower morbidity rates with high dismissal rates. In particular, the indicators were as follows: the average annual overall morbidity rates were (855.0 ± 65.3) and (946.9 ± 49.7) ‰ in the military personnel under contract in the Russian Navy and in the Land Forces of Russia, respectively; primary incidence, (384.8 ± 19.3) and (472.0 ± 22.8) ‰, respectively (p < 0.01); need for follow-up, (92.8 ± 9.9) and (74.3 ± 4.7) ‰, respectively; hospital admission rates, (205.8 ± 39.2) and (235.2 ± 13.2) ‰, respectively; working days lost, (4,038 ± 203) and (3.944 ± 196) ‰, respectively; dismissal rates, (6.82 ± 0.57) and (4.40 ± 0.61) ‰, respectively (p < 0.01); mortality rates, (112.13 ± 9.91) and (111.76 ± 7.80) per 100,000 military personnel under contract. It is possible that this phenomenon was determined by the peculiarities of professional activity, the organization of medical support and the high demands placed on the state of health of the Russian Navy servicemen. A significant part of the leading disease blocks with a share of 0.5% or more in the structure of medical and statistical morbidity indicators, were similar between the military personnel under contract in the Navy of Russia and the Land Forces of Russia. In the structure of the assessed military-epidemiological significance of disease blocks among the military personnel under contract of the Russian Navy, acute infections of the upper respiratory tract (J00– 06 by ICD-10) ranked 1st, diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (K20–K31) ranked 2nd, followed by injuries involving several areas of the body (T08–T14), head injuries (S00–S09), ischemic heart disease (I20–I25). In the military personnel under contract in the Land Forces of Russia, these were the following diseases, from the most to least significant: acute infections of the upper respiratory tract (J00–J06), injuries involving several areas of the body (T08–T14), head injuries (S00–S09), diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (K20–K31), and infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00–L08).Conclusion. Prevention of the leading groups of disaeses will contribute to improving the health status of servicemen under contract, and taking data on morbidity into account will help organize diagnostic and treatment assistance and optimize the personnel and material resources of military medical organizations.

ENTERPRISE AS AN EFFICIENT INSTRUMENT FOR REINTEGRATION OF DEMOBILIZED FROM THE ATO AREA

Introduction. The article clarifies that the problem of reintegration into the peaceful life of people who have been operating in extreme conditions is now becoming particularly relevant. This is due to the fact that, throughout the world, natural disasters, interethnic and interregional conflicts have become more frequent. The number of victims of hostilities and the number of servicemen who are participants in local conflicts within the country has significantly increased. Having a peculiar life experience, they represent a category of people who need a special approach. At the forefront is the question of the need of adaptation to new conditions, the restructuring of the psyche and social behavior in a peaceful way.The hypothesis of scientific research is to determine the attractiveness of entrepreneurship for demobilized from the ATO area. The use of this form of business allows you to get undeniable advantages for the demobilized from the ATO area – it is a real opportunity to organize their own business, since they have a stable income business, to commit themselves and their family to reintegration into a peaceful life.The aim of this study is to substantiate the most appropriate business model for demobilized from the ATO area and to determine the specifics of its use.The theoretical and methodological basis is the position and conclusions of modern economic theory, methodological and methodological developments of domestic and foreign scientists on small business issues, legislative acts of the Verkhovna Rada, resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, decisions and normative documents of executive bodies of Ukraine on social support for demobilized from the ATO area. The methods of economic statistics and logical analysis are used to determine the factors influencing the dynamics of reintegration of demobilized ATOs, factor and comparative analyzes for determining the most optimal methods of social adaptation of demobilized from the ATO area.Results. The signs of entrepreneurship demobilized from the ATO area, its place and role in the state system of adaptation and reintegration of ATO participants are determined; the institutional features of the formation of various types of entrepreneurial activities for demobilized from the ATO area are disclosed.Conclusions. The research of conceptual aspects of entrepreneurship has made it possible to find out the theoretical understanding of the features of this toolkit and to reveal the specifics of its use as an interactive reintegration toolkit to the demobilized society from the ATO area.

Adult-Onset Trauma and Intergenerational Transmission: Integrating Empirical Data and Psychoanalytic Theory

This article addresses the tension in psychoanalytic thinking regarding adult-onset trauma and its potential effects on children who were not directly exposed to the same parental trauma. Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes early attachment trauma as predictive of the response to trauma later in life. This emphasis on early trauma delayed recognition of adult-onset trauma-related disorders and the development of adequate trauma-focused treatments. Presently, the confluence of findings from multiple disciplines, including trauma studies, biological research, and epidemiological data from across the globe, demonstrates the potentially devastating impact of adult-onset post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to trauma, such as war, terror, and assaultive violence. Empirical evidence highlights the critical role of post-trauma family and social support in recovery from PTSD or, alternatively, in delayed PTSD. Given the numbers of servicemen returning from combat zones with post-traumatic disorders and other populations around the globe exposed to extreme political violence, new effective trauma-focused treatments are needed. Integration of perspectives within psychoanalytic theories and “cross pollination” among the fields of psychoanalysis, attachment studies, cognitive-behavioral psychology, neuroscience, and trauma research will enhance innovative and effective interventions that harvest beneficial therapeutic elements from multiple approaches.

Ekonomické zhodnocení možného zrušení Vojenské střední školy MO v Moravské Třebové

Recently the defence department has been meeting lower and lower money sources that could finally bring about lower salaries, reduction in numbers of servicemen, dozens of military units are dissolved. One of such economic measures are plans for dismantling the last Military Secondary School (MSS ) in the Czech Republic. Backed by the assessment of expenses or inputs and outputs, stated in several tablets, the authoresses evaluate the abolition of MSS from a long-term view as rather ineffective, in spite of some short-time savings.

Combining a maintenance center M/M/c/m queue into the economic production quantity model with stochastic machine breakdowns and repair

This article considers a production system in which “m” identical machines produce nonidentical products at production rates. Products made by each machine are on the other hand consumed at a specific demand rate. Machines may be affected by unwanted breakdowns. Machines break down according to a Poisson distribution with equal rates and the failed machines are sent to maintenance center for repair which is consisted of “c” servers or servicemen. However, Number of machines is greater than number of servicemen (m>c). Hence, if the number of failed machines is greater than that of servicemen, the machines have to be put in a queue. Machines are put in one queue with the order of queue being FCFS. The queue has a typical M/M/c/m system. If machines are broken down during production, shortage will occur. This problem has been considered to obtain a single production cycle for the machines and an optimum number of the servers such that costs are minimized. For this purpose, distribution of waiting time for machines in repair center is calculated and a cost function is formed. Steepest descent and direct search methods are applied in this work to obtain optimal production cycle and maintenance servers, respectively. The proposed methods are studied using a comprehensive example.

Thoughts for the New Year

As I think back over the past year, it is unfortunate that the negative aspects of the year are what first come to mind. I think of the financial crisis of the past year, the wars that continue to press and lives that are impacted by those wars, greed and avarice of some in the financial world, a celebrity fall from grace, and more attempted terrorism. Even with the positive strides we have made, such as progress toward health care reform, I think about voices raised in anger with shouting, rage, and no real conversation. But then I consider the positive aspects of the year: human ingenuity that can move us past financial woes, thoughtful discussions about the numbers of service men and women involved in Iraq and other countries, the new face of the presidency, an airplane landing intact and safe in a river, and the movement toward some type of health care reform even amid the angry mobs. Jan Odom-Forren, PhD, RN, CPAN, FAAN, is a Perianesthesia Nursing Consultant in Louisville, KY, and is an Assistant Professor at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

The Elusive Gulf War Syndrome

In 1990/1991, approximately 697,000 U.S. service members joined coalition forces in the Middle East for Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm (ODS/S). Following the military action, a number of service men and women reported a variety of signs and symptoms which they attributed to their participation in the operation; the term Gulf War Syndrome was proposed to facilitate evaluation of what was perceived as a possible new entity. Subsequent studies failed to identify a discrete syndrome, and a series of reports have raised questions as to whether or not Gulf War Syndrome exists or if indeed any of the reported disorders can be attributed to participation in ODS/S. This report reviews the history of U.S. participation in the Gulf War, the medical threats and exposures considered by the U.S. Armed Services, and the U.S. Government's approach to investigating the complaints of the returning servicemen. In the context of the reports from non-U.S. veterans with similar complaints, the elusive Gulf War Syndr...

Findings and Recommendations of the Special Committee on Service Voting

The review is republishing below the findings and recommendations included in the Report recently prepared by the Special Committee on Service Voting of the American Political Science Association and presented to the President of the United States, who submitted it to Congress. The Committee was composed of the following members: Paul T. David, chairman, Robert Cutler, Samuel J. Eldersveld, Bertram M. Gross, Alexander Heard, Edward H. Litchfield, ex officio, Kathryn H. Stone, and William B. Prendergast, secretary.In a letter of April 7, 1952, to Luther Gulick, President of the Association, President Truman expressed his appreciation for the work of the Committee and of the Association in the following words:I wish to thank you, and the members of the Special Committee on Service Voting of the American Political Science Association, for the outstanding report on “Voting in the Armed Forces” which you sent me with your recent letter. This report more than fulfills my request to the American Political Science Association for an analysis of the progress made on soldier voting, and recommendations for steps to be taken to see that a maximum number of servicemen vote this year.