Number Of Red Blood Cells Research Articles

Effects of Dietary Calcium Lactate Supplementation on Laying Performance, Blood Index, Shinbone Quality, Jejunal Immunity, and Egg Quality of Aged Laying Hens

This study aimed to verify the potential of calcium lactate for the performance, blood index, shinbone quality, jejunal immunity, and egg quality of aged laying hens. A total of 360 62-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly divided into four treatments, with six replicates and 15 chickens per replicate. Experimental groups were fed with 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% calcium lactate to substitute limestone in the control group (maintaining the same amount of calcium). The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks. The laying rate and daily egg mass of laying hens fed the diets supplemented with calcium lactate was increased relative to those of the control group. The dietary addition of calcium lactate for laying hens enhanced the eggshell ratio, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, and albumen height of eggs, and the addition level of 0.5% had the best effect. Dietary calcium lactate increased the number of red blood cells, corpuscular hemoglobin, mononuclear leucocytes and basophilic granulocytes, and decreased heterophils in the blood of laying hens. The activities of serum alanine transaminase and creatine kinase in laying hens was reduced by the dietary addition of calcium lactate. Calcium lactate supplementation in diets increased the serum calcium and phosphorus contents of laying hens. The dietary inclusion of calcium lactate increased the contents of IgA, IgG, lysozyme, and sIgA in the jejunal mucosa, and the 0.5% addition level worked best, but the IL-2 content decreased. The addition of 0.5% calcium lactate to the diet reduced the maximal force of the shinbone and increased the work required for shinbone rupture in laying hens. In conclusion, the dietary addition of calcium lactate improved the performance and egg quality of laying hens, probably by its positive effects on body health, intestinal digestible ability, calcium bioavailability, and jejunal mucosal immunity. The optimum amount of calcium lactate in the diet of laying hens is recommended to be 0.5%.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMA Negeri 2 Kupang Tengah

Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin is less than normal or the level of red blood cells/hemoglobin in the blood decreases. The prevalence rate of anemia in indonesia in 2021 in adolescents is 32%, meaning that 3-4 out of 10 adolescents suffer from anemia. The prevalence rate of anemia in female adolescents at SMA N 2 Kupang Tengah in 2022 is 43 female adolescents. Objective; this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in young women at SMA N 2 Kupang Tengah. The type of research used in this research is an analytic survey with a cross-sectional research design using quantitative research methods. This research began in December 2022-January 2023 at SMA N 2 Kupang Tengah, Kupang Regency. The method used in this research is random sampling. The statistical test used in this study is the Chi-Square. The results showed that the factors associated with anemia in female adolescents at SMA N 2 Kupang Tengah were knowledge level (p=0.000), income level (p=0.000), menstrual cycle (p=0.023), nutritional status (p=0.100). Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge level, income level, menstrual cycle and nutritional status which had no relationship. It was concluded that the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in SMA N 2 Kupang Tengah were suggested to health workers to increase promotional efforts by conducting socialization or counseling to increase the knowledge of young women.

Liposomes Enhance the Immunological Activity of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua Polysaccharides

Poor stability and difficult uptake of natural polysaccharides have been the main problems in their application. The purpose of this study was to optimize the preparation conditions of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides liposomes (PCPL) and to investigate the immune enhancement activity of PCPL in vitro and in vivo, with a view to discovering new ways of natural polysaccharide application. The optimal preparation conditions of PCPL were as follows: the adding amount of Tween 80 of 0.5 %, the ultrasound time of 2 min and the ultrasound times of once. Under these conditions, the entrapment efficiency, drug loading rate and particle size of PCPL were 38.033 %±0.050, 2.172 %±0.003 and 146 nm, which indicated that PCPL with small particle size could be prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method. Furthermore, PCPL promoted proliferation, phagocytosis, and secretion of nitric oxide and related cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, PCPL improved spleen and thymus indices, increased the number or proportion of red blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes in the blood, and ameliorated spleen and thymus atrophy in immunosuppressed mice. This study provides a new idea for applying Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (PCP) and references for studying other polysaccharides.

EDUKASI CEGAH ANEMIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KONSENTRASI DAN PRESTASI PADA SISWA SMP SE KOTA TERNATE

Teenagehood is a vulnerable period for nutritional problems, especially anemia (a condition where the number of red blood cells is below standard). According to the Riskesdas (2018), the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls is 27.2%, while in adolescent boys, it is 20.3%. Data from the North Maluku Health Office for adolescent girls in Ternate City identified a 20.11% prevalence of anemia. This Community Service activity aims to educate teenage students about the importance of avoiding anemia. Nutritional education is provided using lecture methods, conducting pre and post-tests, and measuring nutritional status. There were 36 junior high school students participating in this activity, representing each public and private junior high school in Ternate City. After the lecture, it was found that the average knowledge score of the students increased from 5.18 before the lecture to 6.26 after the lecture, indicating that nutritional education on anemia using the lecture method is quite effective in improving participants' knowledge. With increased knowledge, it is hoped that students can improve their behavior in preventing anemia by consuming iron-rich foods and regularly taking iron tablets

Therapeutic options and management approach on thalassemia an overview

People with thalassemia, the body produces an aberrant form of hemoglobin, a hereditary blood condition that runs in families. Anemia is caused by this disorder, which causes a significant number of red blood cells to be destroyed. Iron overload, cardiac arrhythmia, hepatitis, osteoporosis, and endocrine disorders are the primary problems that thalassemia patients confront; however, anemia can also present with conventional symptoms. Treatment options for thalassemia patients are based on how serious their condition is. The standard form of treatment for thalassemia is blood transfusion. The names of thalassemia syndromes are based on the defective hemoglobin produced or the globin chain that is impacted. Thus, Mutations in the β-globin gene result in β-thalassemia, while mutations in the α-globin gene cause α-thalassemia. This review covers the various forms of thalassemia, as well as its diagnosis, prevalence, complications, and management.

Опыт применения кормовой добавки «Монокальцийфосфат» при остеодистрофии у крупного рогатого скота

This experiment is aimed at determining the practical effectiveness of the use of the feed additive «Monocalcium Phosphate» in the treatment of alimentary osteodystrophy in dairy cows of the Jersey breed in industrial production. Experience has shown that the addition of monocalcium phosphate to the diet has a beneficial effect on the clinical composition of the blood, in particular on the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, but also on biochemical parameters - total protein, reserve alkalinity, etc.

Lead-based paint’s impact on certain blood parameters, kidney functions and oxidative stress

Lead is added to the paint to improve its dryness, durability, and resistance to corrosion in addition to adding color. One recognized occupational toxin is lead Increased exposure to lead can have negative health impacts on the body, such as liver, kidney, and nervous system damage. Anemia, hypertension, and a host of other illnesses can also be brought on by it. Many blood indicators, antioxidants, and kidney function of lead-exposed workers were studied in this study. A control group of forty healthy individuals who were not exposed to lead at work and fifty men between the ages of 18 and 50 who work in paint-related professions were chosen. In comparison to the control group, the results indicated an increase in the number of white blood cells and a reduction in the number of red blood cells. We found no difference in the amount of creatinine in the blood of the workers and the control group, except for a rise in the percentage of urea in the blood of the workers compared to the group that was not exposed when conducting renal functions. The results also revealed a significant rise in the levels of both (MDA and CAT).

Clinical pattern and outcome of hematuria in children – A prospective follow-up study from South India

Background: Hematuria is defined by the presence of an increased number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine. It can be visible or apparent only on microscopic analysis of urine which many times is an incidental finding. The prevalence of microscopic hematuria is 4–5% in routine clinical practice in children of 6–12 years of age. The pediatrician is the first person who comes in contact with children having microscopic or gross hematuria. Updated knowledge of clinical patterns and their outcomes will help improve the management of children with hematuria. Aim and Objective: The aim and objectives are to study the outcome of hematuria in children attending SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective follow-up study of 100 children admitted with hematuria in our hospital whose ages were between 1 month and 12 years. A preformed and piloted questionnaire was used. Clinical history and examinations were done. Relevant investigations and follow-up assessments were done for 1 year. Biopsy was done for 35 patients by an experienced pediatric nephrologist. Results: Among the 100 children presented with hematuria, 24 had prior renal disease whereas 76 children did not have any pre-existing renal disease. Both were followed up for 1 year. 80% (45) of those without prior renal involvement cleared of hematuria by 1 year and 20% had persistent renal impairment. In the other group with prior renal problems, 75% (15) showed persistent renal problems. School-going children (57%) were mostly affected with female preponderance (30%). The most common etiology was acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (60%), and the next most common seems to be IgA nephropathy (23%) followed by SLE (17%) Conclusion: Eighty percent of hematuria was found to be resolved completely after 1 year. The remaining 20% has to be carefully evaluated including renal biopsy when indicated. This will help the clinician to provide better care for sick babies with hematuria.

Nanostructure characteristics of three types of platelet-rich fibrin biomaterial: a histological and immunohistochemical study

Background. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a blood-derived biomaterial that has shown potential in regenerative medicine. The objective of this study was to characterize the structure of fibrin network nanoparticles and cellular components using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Methods. Three different types of PRF were manufactured: Choukri’s platelet-rich fibrin (Ch-PRF), pure platelet-rich fibrin (P-PRF), and leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), according to established protocols. The histological structures of the biomaterials were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The fibrin network nanostructure was confirmed by Sirius Red staining and immunohistochemical staining with a fibrinogen antibody. Leukocyte components were identified by immunohistochemical staining using CD45 antibody. Results. Histological and immunohistochemical staining of the fibrin network from the PRF biomaterial revealed a natural nanostructure characterized by porous and complex branching networks. The L-PRF and Ch-PRF fibrin networks were delicate and branched, whereas the P-PRF fibrin network displayed thicker bundles of fibers that were sometimes twisted and had noticeable pores. Nonetheless, the proportion of the fibrin network area in all three types of PRF biomaterials was not significantly different. No living cells were found in the P-PRF biomaterials, whereas Ch-PRF and L-PRF contained cells. A large number of red and white blood cells were observed within the Ch-PRF fibrin network, with a non-uniform distribution. The L-PRF biomaterial possesses a uniform structure with a high density of embedded leukocytes. Conclusions. The use of peripheral blood-derived PRF biomaterials, which mimic the natural structure of fibrin nanostructures and living cell components, offers promising possibilities for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Additional investigation is necessary to assess the properties of PRF architecture and its practical application in medical treatment.

Association of Gestational Anemia with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in a Private Hospital Maternity Care

Anemia, a prevalent global health concern affecting a quarter of the world's population, notably impacts pregnant women, with approximately 56 million affected globally. Its repercussions on maternal and neonatal health are extreme, leading to increased risks of low birth weight, fetal complications, and maternal morbidity and mortality. Concurrently, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) poses significant risks to maternal and fetal well-being, yet the link between anemia and PIH remains an understudied area, particularly in Pakistan. Objective: To investigate the association between anemia and the heightened risk of PIH, offering critical insights into perinatal outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was designed and the data was collected from Hijaz Hospital Gulberg III Lahore, Pakistan. Total 120 pregnant women were selected for the study and split into two groups. Group A consisted of 65 pregnant women with hypertension, whereas group B included 55 non-hypertensive pregnant women. Hemoglobin levels and Complete Blood Count were evaluated using standard protocols. The association of hemoglobin levels and PIH was investigated using independent-students test and one-way ANOVA by utilizing SPSS version-25. Results: Our findings showed that the hemoglobin levels were lowest (9.953846±1.924584 g/dl) in hypertensive women as compared to no-hypertensive women (11.52±1.584172) in their 3rd trimester. It coincided with the lowest number of red blood cells (4.1067±0.57816 million/mm3) in women with hypertension. Conclusions: Our finding demonstrated that the lower the levels of hemoglobin, the higher the risk of PIH.

Effectiveness of High-Altitude Environments on Cardiovascular Ability: A Literature Review

The problem is a lack of a deep understanding of how living at high altitudes affects cardiovascular ability significantly. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of living at high altitudes on improving cardiovascular ability based on a systematic literature review. This review includes an analysis of the results of the study which includes improved oxygen transport, physiological adaptation, and long-term effects on heart and vascular health. The results of this review provide insight into the potential benefits and relevance of living at high altitudes in the context of improving cardiovascular health, as well as its implications in the field of sport and public health. The methodology used is a systematic literature review that collects and analyzes the existing literature on the effects of living at a high altitude on cardiovascular ability. The result is that Living in a highland place has been proven to increase immunity. This is due to physiological adaptations that occur in response to environments with lower oxygen content. These adaptations include an increase in the number of red blood cells and oxygen transport capacity in the body, which in turn improves aerobic ability and cardiovascular endurance. Studies show that long-term exposure to high altitudes can result in improved athletic performance and cardiovascular ability in individuals who live or train at these altitudes. The conclusions of this study suggest that living at high altitudes can improve cardiovascular ability through significant physiological adaptations

Jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin dan hematokrit pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi seduhan kopi arabika (Coffea arabica)

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) contains tannins and caffeine which will interfere with iron absorption and cause anemia. This study aims to determine the number of RBC (Red Blood Cell) or erythrocytes blood hemoglobin levels and the percentage of PCV (Packed Cell Volume) or hematocrit in rats (Rattus norvegicus) treated with arabica coffee brew (Coffea arabica L). The method used is RAL (Completely Randomized Design) in 5 treatment groups and each group contains 5 rats. Group 1 as control by giving 3,6 mL of distilled water. Group 2 as the first treatment (P1) by giving 3,6mL of brewed coffee powder dose of 150mg/200gBB, group 3 as the second treatment (P2) by giving 3,6mL of brewed coffee powder dose of 310mg/200gBB, group 4 as the third treatment (P3) by giving 3.6mL of brewed coffee powder dose 630mg/200gBB and group 5 as the fourth treatment (P4) by giving 3,6mL of brewed coffee powder dose of 1,260mg/200gBB. The method of steeping coffee with oral gavage is using an oral sonde. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results obtained in this study were that brewed arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) did not have a real effect on the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit percentage and hemoglobin levels in rats (Rattus norvegicus) because caffeine and tannin levels that act as iron inhibitors have been reduced due to high temperatures in the roasting process. Caffeine levels in coffee samples have not affected iron absorption. Iron reserves in the body are still in a normal state so that they do not affect the process of erythropoiesis.

The impact of low doses of gamma rays on Chemical and hematological parameters for healthy people and diabetes in Thi Qar province

Abstract The objective of this study is to explore the effect of gamma irradiation on the hematological and biochemical parameters of complete blood counts for diabetic and healthy people. A total of 20 blood samples were collected from people with diabetes, and 20 samples were collected from healthy people of different ages. The samples were analyzed before and after exposing to irradiation (0.5 mCi Cs-137 Gamma-ray standard source) using a Hematology analyzer to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters. Significant changes were observed between the control samples before and after exposing to irradiation. The results showed a significant change in the number of Red Blood Cells at 18.863 mGy/hr. compared with the control sample in healthy and unhealthy people from 4.47x106 μL to 1.82x106 μL and from 4.32x106 μL to 1.05x106 μL, respectively. The results also showed a significant change in all hematological and biochemical parameters such as WBC, PLT, Hb, Hct, Mcv, McH, and HcHc after exposing to irradiation, especially at a high dose rate of more than 5 mGy/hr. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the data that were recommended by recognized international organizations and agencies such as the EPA, IAEA, WHO, UNSCEAR, and ICRP.

The Effect of Oral Doses of Chitosan-Titanium Nanoparticles on Some Physiological Parameters of Male Albino Rats Infected with Acrylamide

The study aimed to determine the characteristics of nanoparticles, such as shape, size, aggregates, absorption using appropriate equipment, and determine the effect of dosing with chitosan-titanium nanoparticles on some physiological parameters of male rats exposed to acrylamide. We notice a significant decrease in the total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, the percentage of red blood cells, the number of platelets, lymphocytes, and HDL in the group of rats exposed to acrylamide compared with the healthy control group, as well as a significant increase in the values of white blood cells, monocytes, cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. and VLDL compared with the control group. ((While we notice, when adding nanoparticles with acrylamide, a significant increase in the total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, the percentage of red blood cells, the number of platelets, lymphocytes, and HDL. We also notice a decrease in the numbers of WBC, monocytes, cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL compared to the group exposed to acrylamide.)) While we notice that when nanoparticles are added with acrylamide, there is a significant increase in the total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, the percentage of red blood cells, the number of platelets, lymphocytes, and HDL, as they were 6.16, 12.00, 45.00, 640.00, 31.00, 37.15, respectively, compared to the group. exposed to acrylamide, which were 4.73, 9.65, 38.50, 588.50, 25.60, 32.65, respectively. We also note a decrease in the numbers of WBC, monocytes, cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL, as they were 6.10, 7.90, 158.75, 99.75, 101.65, and 19.95 compared to those exposed to acrylamide. The group exposed to acrylamide, which was 7.67, 14.95, 197.60, 171.29, 130.68, 34.26, respectively.

Concomitant severe traumatic brain injury is not associated with increased red blood cell transfusion volumes in patients with pelvic fractures: A retrospective observational study

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated coagulopathy significantly influences survival outcomes in patients with multiple injuries. Severe TBI can potentially affect systemic hemostasis due to coagulopathy; however, there is limited evidence regarding whether the risk of hemorrhage increases in patients with pelvic fractures complicated with TBI. Therefore, through multivariable analysis, we aimed to examine the association between severe TBI and increased blood transfusion requirements in patients with pelvic fractures. Materials and methodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care facility in Japan. Patients aged 16 years or older with pelvic fractures who were admitted to our intensive care unit between April 2014 and December 2021 were included in the analysis. The patients were categorized into no to mild and severe TBI groups according to whether the Head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score was 3 or higher. The primary outcome was the number of red blood cell (RBC) units transfused within 24 h after arrival at the hospital. The primary outcome was analyzed using univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses. The covariates used for the multivariable linear regression analysis were age, sex, antithrombotic therapy, mechanism of injury, Pelvic AIS score, and extravasation on contrast-enhanced computed tomography on admission. ResultsWe identified 315 eligible patients (221 and 94 in the no to mild and severe TBI groups, respectively). In the univariable analysis, the RBC transfusion volume within 24 h after arrival was significantly higher in the severe TBI group than in the no to mild TBI group (2.53-unit increase; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.46–4.61). However, in the multivariable analysis, no statistically significant association was detected between severe TBI and the RBC transfusion volume within 24 h after arrival at the hospital (0.87-unit increase; 95 % CI: −1.11–2.85). ConclusionsConcomitant severe TBI was not associated with increased RBC transfusion volumes in patients with pelvic fractures on multivariable analysis.

Toxicological Assessment of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Leachates from Awotan Landfill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Background: This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of leachate samples from the Awotan dumpsite in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, and provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of these leachates on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus. Methods: Two Leachate samples were obtained from a leachate section at the Awotan dumpsite, and the physical and chemical parameters of the samples were estimated using standard methods. Physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH were measured in-situ using a calibrated multi 3630 digital meter and probe. Turbidity was measured using a calibrated Secchi Disc. Other chemical parameters such as Cl–, NO3–, SO42-, and PO42- were taken to the laboratory and measured using the titrimetric method. Samples of juveniles were obtained from the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management at the University of Ibadan and transported to the genetics laboratory at Lead City University, where they were acclimatized in chlorine-free borehole water for 21 days. After the acclimation period, the toxicity assessment setup was initiated. Five treatment bowls, including control (0%), 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% leachate concentrations were set up in triplicates and 15 samples of Clarias gariepinus were introduced into each of the treatment bowls, where they were bred and observed for 21 days before taking them to the laboratory for haematology analysis. Results: The physicochemical properties of the leachate samples showed that EC (4200 ± 13.0), TDS (2450 ±14.4), NO3– (87.00 ± 5.7), and PO42-(3.134 ± 0.11) all exceeded the SON and WHO recommended standards. Also, the concentration of heavy metals such as Cu (9.28 ± 3.2), Mn (45.64 ± 6.3), and Fe (604.48 ± 10.62) all exceeded the SON and WHO recommended limit. Conclusion: The haematological test showed that high concentrations of the leachate samples significantly reduced the number of Red blood cells (RBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cells (WBC) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in Clarias gariepinus..

Characteristics of erythropoiesis in sows during different periods of the production cycle

The tactics of periodic monitoring of the hematology of sows allows timely measures to prevent anemia, which inevitably occurs, since the targeted screening and selection of industrial breeds are aimed at multiple births, which increases the risks of anemia during pregnancy and suckling period. With periodic and constant monitoring, it is possible to deduce individual reference intervals of hematological indicators for a particular animal and control the response to compensatory measures that directly affects the yield of viable piglets and their survival rate. The purpose of this study was to study the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells and erythrocyte indices depending on the production cycle of the sow. The groups were formed from sows on the 80th day of pregnancy (group 1, n=5), after farrowing (group 2, n=5) and before weaning piglets (group 3, n=5). The Vet ABCTM analyzer (Horiba Medical Poland) was used. Counting of reticulocytes by “supravital staining” with a solution of “brilliant cresyl blue”. Statistical processing in the Microsoft Excel program (Data Analysis package), evaluation of the reliability of differences based on the Mann—Whitney U criterion. As a result, it was found that the average volume of red blood cells increases with a decrease in their number and hemoglobin concentration, which is quite natural and indicates a regenerative response with the appearance of reticulocytes in the blood. The correlation coefficient between erythrocytes and the average volume of erythrocytes was r=-0.53 (r2=0.28, p=0.01), between the average volume of erythrocytes and reticulocytes r=-0.50 (r2=0.25, p=0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in reticulocytes and the average volume of erythrocytes. The dynamics and intensity of regeneration are moderate in all three groups.

Effects of Mn2+ and flow speed on blood and physiological indexes of larvae GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

To assess the toxicological effects of heavy metal ions on fish at different flowing speeds within aquatic environments, we investigated the impact of Mn2+ and flow speed on the physiological parameters of juvenile GIFT tilapia (95.2±4.3g,15.1±0.21cm). The experiment design included four different levels of Mn2+ concentration: control group (0mg/L), 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L and 1mg/L, as well as three different flow speeds: control group (0 body length/second), low speed (1 body length/second), and high-speed group (2 body lengths/second). The main research findings were as follows: Mn2+ had varying effects on the hematological parameters of juvenile GIFT tilapia. As the levels of Mn2+ increased, there was a remarkable reduction in both the red blood cell (RBC) number and hemoglobin content of the fish(P<0.05). The activity of SOD, CAT, the level of MDA in the liver and white blood cell (WBC) number exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, with the highest levels observed mostly in the 0.5mg/L group. However, With the prolongation of Mn2+ exposure duration, a significant decline in levels of RBC, hemoglobin, CAT and SOD was observed. In most cases, the highest values of those, as mentioned earlier four physiological parameters were recorded at 24 hours, while the lowest values were recorded at 96 hours when exposed to the same Mn2+ level. However, MDA levels reached their peak at 48 hours. These findings suggested that lower levels of Mn2+ might enhance the immune capacity of tilapia, while higher levels could impede its immune and antioxidant functions. An increase in flow speed led to a significant elevation in both the RBC number and hemoglobin content of the GIFT tilapia at 30d(P<0.05), but flow speed had no significant impact on the WBC of the fish(P>0.05). Its effect on the fish antioxidant parameters also showed a certain induction, and there were significant correlations between the activity of SOD, CAT, the level of MDA, and flow speed (P<0.05). At the same flow speed, the prolonging water-flow-stimulus duration could not increase the levels of three antioxidant parameters(P>0.05). These findings could provide fundamental data for investigating the influence of heavy metal stress on fish ecotoxicology in aquatic environments and the artificial running water breeding of GIFT tilapia in Hebei province, China.

Exploring The Effect of Wheat Grass Juice on Thalassaemia: A Comprehensive Review

Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying protein (haemoglobin) and a reduced number of red blood cells in the body compared to normal. Mild forms of thalassemia may not necessitate treatment, while severe cases may require blood transfusions or a stem-cell transplant from a donor. Wheatgrass extract is seen as a supplementary treatment option for thalassemia, although research in this field is still in its early stages. Wheatgrass is a low-calorie substance but rich in essential nutrients, including antioxidants like glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E that plays a crucial role in combating harmful free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and providing protection against conditions such as arthritis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed mechanism behind wheatgrass extract involves the swift absorption of chlorophyll and its action at the cellular level in the bone marrow, facilitating heme production. Treatment with wheatgrass tablets has been found to maintain serum ferritin levels and increase HbF levels in children with thalassemia who undergo frequent blood transfusions. However, it does not appear to reduce the frequency of blood transfusions required. Wheatgrass tablets also contribute to an improved quality of life for children with thalassemia. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of wheatgrass therapy in patients with transfusion-dependent anemia, further extensive studies involving a larger patient population would be necessary.

Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Kacang Hijau Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil Anemia

Anemia is a condition where the number and size of red blood cells or hemoglobin concentration is below the normal limit value. It is estimated that 52.5% of women in Southeast Asia experience anemia. Iron content. Green beans are a source of vegetable protein, vitamins (A, B1, C and E), as well as several other substances that are very beneficial for the human body. The aim of this research was to see the effect of giving green bean juice on increasing hemoglobin levels of anemic pregnant women in the Lubuk Buaya Padang Health Center work area. The research design used quantitative quasi-experimental methods, one group pretest-posttest design. The sample size was 15 pregnant women. Research results The average hemoglobin levels of pregnant women before and after being given green bean juice in the treatment group were 10.5 gr/dL and 11.4 gr/dl. In these results there was an increase in hemoglobin levels. There is an effect of giving green bean juice on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia, the result is p value = 0.000 and the significance value is greater than 5% (p=0.000<0.05 for the variable Hb level (0.000). This means that giving green bean juice can increase Hb levels of pregnant women. This study concluded that there was an effect of giving green bean juice on increasing the value of hemoglobin levels in pregnant women.