Number Of Disabled People Research Articles

Employment of persons with disabilities: russian and foreign trends

In modern conditions, the problem of employment of disabled people is relevant. Many people with disabilities have difficulty finding a job, and the trend in the labor market remains unchanged to reduce the number of working people with disabilities. The article presents data from the Federal State Statistics Service for 2023 on the number of disabled people, their employment and ways to find work in Russia. The foreign experience in promoting the employment of citizens with disabilities has been studied. The measures of the state policy to promote employment in the territory of the Russian Federation are outlined. The problems of employment of disabled people are indicated and ways of solving them are given, including by analogy with the experience of foreign countries.

Research on the progress of neurorehabilitation

With the intensification of global aging problems, the incidence of central nervous system diseases such as stroke is getting higher and higher. At the same time, the number of disabled people has also increased. Amputation and neurological diseases are important causes of disability, and neurorehabilitation is an important method for restoring the nervous function and autonomous movement ability of the disabled. At present, neurorehabilitation methods commonly used in clinical treatment mainly include: wearing prosthetic limbs, functional electrical stimulation (FES) therapy, rehabilitation robots, and so on. The prosthetic limb refers to an artificial device used to replace the function of a lost limb. Many advanced technologies are being used to improve the motion control of prosthetics to achieve natural movement. FES is a technique that can improve physiological function or treat diseases by stimulating nerves or tissues through current, and has become one of the important means to promote nerve regeneration and restore motor function. Rehabilitation robots are the equipment that uses mechanical devices and advanced control technology to assist rehabilitation treatment and functional recovery. This article mainly discusses the current research progresses of prosthetic limbs, EFS and rehabilitation robots, so as to promote the development of neurorehabilitation.

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ ИНВАЛИДОВ С АМПУТИРОВАННЫМИ КОНЕЧНОСТЯМИ – ВАЖНЫЙ ФАКТОР ИНТЕГРАЦИИ ИХ В ОБЩЕСТВО

Current: the primary task of any state is to take care of its citizens; among them, a special place is occupied by people with disabilities who have arisen for various reasons. The number of disabled people on average varies from 5 to 10% of the total population and depends on the territory of residence. All over the world, including in the Russian Federation, there are and actively implemented programs for an accessible environment for people with disabilities. However, the problem of their social rehabilitation remains quite acute. The aim of this study was identification of factors affecting the work activity of disabled people with amputated limbs of working age and the possibility of their integration into society. Materials and methods. An investigation was conducted among people with amputated lower limbs. The structure of the causes of disability, gender and age characteristics, medical and rehabilitation measures were studied, and a survey was conducted on the possibility of continuing work. The results of the study and their discussion. The leading diseases that led to amputation of the lower extremities were a combination of vascular atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and concomitant pathology of the musculoskeletal system. With age, the percentage of disability increases. Most patients receive adequate treatment in accordance with the available standards and adequate prosthetics. As a social rehabilitation and integration into society, mostly patients consider continuing their work. However, there are a lot of problems for its implementation: the need for retraining and obtaining a new profession, working conditions, transport costs, work at enterprises located far from home, lack of vacancies, difficulties communicating with the team, etc. At the same time, many people who want to work do not have the opportunity to realize themselves in this. Conclusion. People with disabilities due to amputation of the lower extremities require special social attention. Solving the problems of their vocational rehabilitation and employment requires a comprehensive approach on the part of government agencies, the disabled themselves and society as a whole.

Inclusive tourism: the European experience

Market data on barrier-free tourism demonstrates the continued need to focus on inclusive tourism. However, it is difficult to estimate the exact number or percentage of people in the world who are disabled. In some European countries, in particular, most of the available information on this issue is based on the number of people with disabilities who have a disability document issued only to people with a disability of 50% or more. Thus, the number of disabled people with less than 50% disability is not specified anywhere. In addition, most types of disability occur due to an accident or illness or simply due to life and aging, and only about 4% are congenital. Market dynamics expand the possibilities of people with reduced mobility. The demand for affordable tourism is constantly growing. The article aimed to study the trends, opportunities, and problems of inclusive tourism growth in Europe. It is determined that the tourism industry plays a vital role in the national development of each European country as a generator of income for all, including people with disabilities. Thus, the tourism sector must contribute to achieving its goals for people with disabilities, mainly through employment and self-employment in the tourism sector and as consumers and users of tourism products and services. Affordable tourism can be booming if considered with general tourism and integrated into critical proposals. From a marketing point of view, there is an opportunity to approach barrier-free tourism as part of tourism of particular interest. As more people with disabilities join the tourism industry, this segment will become integral to overall tourism. It will play an influential role in the further development of European countries. The review of the European experience of inclusive tourism was since neighboring countries face similar challenges, and the sharing of resources and capacities should be encouraged. Developing a strategy for identifying specific problems and their possible solutions is necessary. Geographical and cultural similarities within European countries are the basis for cooperation and joint strategies. Keywords: affordable tourism, inclusion, international tourism, inclusive tourism business, European countries.

РАЗВИТИЕ АДАПТИВНОЙ ФИЗКУЛЬТУРЫ В РОССИИ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ

Currently, according to the Federal State Statistics Service, the number of disabled people is 11,331 thousand people, the proportion of disabled people in the total population tends to decrease. In this regard, one of the main issues at the present stage is the issue of improving the quality of life of this category of the population, the factor of paramount importance here is the development of adaptive physical education, which performs not only medical, but also socio-psychological functions

The genesis of the development of the problem of virtual mobility of the disabled in the socio-cultural space

Introduction. The need to ensure virtual mobility of disabled people is due to the increase in the number of disabled people, which is a global problem. The purpose of this article is to consider the genesis of the problem of virtual mobility in the socio-cultural space. Methodology and methods of research. The theoretical study was carried out using a systematic and comparative analysis of scientific and methodological sources and dissertation research on the problem of the development of virtual mobility for people with disabilities. Research results. In the process of theoretical analysis, three stages in the development of the problem of the development of virtual mobility of the disabled have been identified. The first stage (the end of the 18th century until the 80s of the 20th century) is characterized by the development of an international classification of disability with a distinction between the terms “handicap”, “disability” and “disability”, the creation of an international initiative group to protect the rights of people with disabilities. A study of the historiography of the term "mobility" shows that in this period it was not widely used, and was replaced by such concepts as "displacement", "social displacement" or "social mobility". It is also noted that the degree of mobility in society is influenced by institutionalized norms. An analysis of the dynamics of the socio-professional structure makes it possible to identify some features of the development of the mobility of disabled people in a given period. The second stage (from the 80s of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century) is characterized by the formation of the concept of "disabled person" with a semantic emphasis on the individual's inability to work and serve himself. The historiography of the development of the concepts of "virtuality" and "mobility" at this stage is characterized by a new understanding of virtuality, which arises in parallel in various fields of science and technology. The third stage (the beginning of the 21st century to the present) is characterized by the fact that the term "disabled" in relation to people with various disabilities has practically fallen into disuse. As an alternative, the phrase "person with disabilities" is used. During this period, research on the development of mobility was actively carried out. This issue was raised by representatives of various fields of science: philosophy, sociology, psychology and pedagogy, but the problem of the development of virtual mobility for people with disabilities remains unexplored. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to optimize the process of virtual mobility of disabled people in the sociocultural space. Keywords: virtual mobility, socialization of people with disabilities, information technology

Formation of Barrier-free Urban Environment and Problems of Labor Integration of Disabled People in Russia

The article examines the economics of a barrier-free environment in the context of the transition from a medical to a social approach to disability after the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). A social approach to disability means recognizing the equality of the rights of disabled people with healthy citizens in all spheres of society and ensuring accessibility for them of all objects and services in the external, primarily in the urban environment. Disability is understood as the presence of external and internal barriers that impede the social integration of people with disabilities. The formation of a barrier-free urban environment makes it possible to remove external barriers, and comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of the disabled removes internal barriers. Together they ensure accessibility for the disabled of all objects and services of the urban infrastructure. A barrier-free urban environment is a socially significant benefit that has a positive external effect not only for all citizens with limited mobility (LMC), but also for all members of the local community. A comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic effects from the implementation of programs for the formation of a barrier-free urban environment for all stakeholders (disabled people, entrepreneurs, authorities, the local community) is important. In the Russian Federation, this allows overcoming the limited approach to assessing the benefits from their implementation only for people with disabilities and other LMC at high investment costs. It is recommended to use the experience of the EU in the Russian Federation in presenting the annual Access City Award to the three best cities for an accessible environment for the disabled as an effective incentive for them and the regions of the country in the development of a barrier-free environment and tourism. An analysis of the 10 years of implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation "Accessible Environment", along with achievements, made it possible to identify a number of shortcomings: the need to verify quantitative indicators of the accessibility of its priority facilities for people with disabilities using sociological surveys of people with disabilities and experts; low level of accessibility of university buildings for teaching disabled people; non-fulfillment of indicators of growth in employment of persons with disabilities. As a result of a selective sociological survey of people with disabilities and experts conducted by the author in 2022, the reasons for the low level of social and labor integration of people with disabilities were identified: the lack of employers' interest in their employment, the low availability of urban infrastructure, and the discrepancy between the skill level of people with disabilities and modern production requirements. An integrated approach to the formation of an accessible environment in the field of vocational education and employment of disabled people with increased incentives for socially responsible employers is proposed. It is shown that the conduct of a special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine and new packages of Western sanctions adopted in 2022 against our country require consideration of their socio-economic consequences. In particular, - updating the state program of the Russian Federation "Accessible Environment", taking into account the expected increase in the number of disabled people and the development of import substitution policy in this area.

Zero-Gravity Robotic-Assisted Locomotion Simulator in Rehabilitation: a Prospective Randomized Clinical Study of 30 Spinal Trauma Sequelae Patients

INTRODUCTION. According to the WHO, between 250,000 and 500,000 people are affected every year with spinal cord injury (SCI) around the world. The number of disabled people as a result of spinal cord injury in Russia is estimated to be over 250,000 and is increasing due to injury rate growth and survival rate improvement of patients in the acute and long-term periods of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). AIM. To justify the efficacious and safe use of a zero-gravity robotic simulator for a locomotor therapy in the complex rehabilitation of patients with SCI and compare this therapeutic approach with conventional motor rehabilitation programs using other robotic mechanotherapy techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Neurological and functional disorders were analyzed in 30 patients with SCI on the basis of clinical examination and electromyography (EMG) findings. All the patients were classified into an intervention group and a control group by a sequential randomization. The rehabilitation programs for the intervention and control groups were alike, except for robotic mechanotherapy. RESULTS. A significant positive dynamic change in motor functions according to the ASIA Impairment scale was noted in the intervention group, in which 2 patients moved up to a higher level. The EMG data showed a significant difference between the groups in favor of the intervention one. A significant difference in postural function improvement was found between the intervention and control groups in a seated position. The rehabilitation of patients from the intervention group engaged the axial muscles, promoting an increase in strength and better control of the trunk muscles. A significant spasticity decrease and changes in the functional status of the patients were observed in both groups. The patients’ ability to perform normal daily activities was registered to improve. CONCLUSION. The study demonstrated that robotic musculoskeletal training in zero-gravity conditions is safe and effective in complex rehabilitation of patients with SCI and improves motor skills, self-care and postural function. A significant correlation was found between neurological and functional changes, indicative of a restorative concept of the new therapeutic modality. Further studies with increased capacity are reasonable.

Telepresence Robot System for People with Speech or Mobility Disabilities.

Due to an increase in the number of disabled people around the world, inclusive solutions are becoming a priority. People with disabilities may encounter many problems and may not be able to easily participate in various activities due to physical barriers, which may sometimes cause them to be frustrated and embarrassed. Recently, the emerging telepresence robot technology has been proposed to enable people with disabilities to increase their presence by incorporating information and communications technology (ICT) into robotics platforms. Therefore, in this paper we conduct a comprehensive analysis using comparative and elicitation studies to understand the current state of mobile telepresence robot systems and to identify the gaps that must be filled. This paper further contributes to the literature by proposing a novel telepresence robot system that adapts text-to-speech (TTS) and ICT technologies with robotics for its use as an assistant. To the authors' knowledge, the proposed system is the first MRP system that supports speech impairment and introduces emotion components into its communication function. It includes an operator site (mobile) and a remote site (robot) to allow users to control the robot from a distance and communicate with others in remote locations. It allows the user to physically interact with people and show certain emotions through the robot in remote locations, or it can accompany them to speak on their behalf. It can provide agency for both remote and in-class users through emoji-based communication and audio-video streaming with recording functionality. As shown at the end of this paper, the system was tested with 30 people, some of whom had mobility or speech disabilities, showing that the user acceptance score was above 95% and that people with disabilities liked to interact with other people using the proposed system. The users appreciated having the ability to control the robot from a distance and praised the capability to show their emotions through the robot emoji motions and to control the audio-video streaming. From this study, we conclude that the proposed telepresence system could be an asset to people with speech and mobility disabilities and could help them feel physically present in various places.

The Internet of things technology in the rehabilitation for the disabled in China: A survey

According to the WORLD Disabled Persons federation (WPF), there are a large number of disabled people in the world, accounting for over 400 million in the Asia-Pacific region alone. This paper discusses the application of the Internet of Things technology in the rehabilitation of special populations, aiming at achieving high allocation of resources without changing personnel allocation, realizing innovation to improve economic benefits without changing personnel allocation, and rationally optimizing resource allocation to achieve maximum. Firstly, we give an overview of the Internet of Things technology and its application, and introduce the sensor, RFID, embedded system and other technologies. Then, we discuss the application of Internet of Things technology in the rehabilitation of disabled people, from the rehabilitation needs of disabled people and the application of Internet of Things technology in the field of rehabilitation. Then, from the statistical analysis of the application of Internet of Things technology in the rehabilitation field in the past 10 years, we obtained the shortcomings of the application of Internet of Things technology in the rehabilitation field and some space for further exploration. Finally, we believe that the application of Internet of Things technology to the rehabilitation management of persons with disabilities will be a breakthrough in the rehabilitation management of persons with disabilities, and have important reference value for the rehabilitation management of persons with disabilities worldwide. We also hope that understanding, respecting, caring and helping people with disabilities will increasingly become a global consensus and action.

Disability as a component of public health in Primorsky Region

Introduction. Disability is an integral part of the state of public health. Almost everyone can have temporary or permanent health disorders. The significance of disability for society is determined by many determinants - the state of the health care system, the socio-economic level of development and the environmental situation in the region, historical and political root causes, as well as biological factors of the individual that determine the limitations of life and persistent disability. The purpose of the study is to analyze disability in the Primorsky Krai as a criterion of public health. Material and methods. The study used information about the disabled of the Primorsky Krai according to the Federal State Statistics Service, statistical data from the Federal Register of Disabled People and the main indicators of the Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise in the Primorsky Krai. Data processing was carried out using descriptive statistics methods. Results. Over the past five years, the number of disabled people in Primorsky Krai has decreased (the decrease was 6,831 people or 6.1%), which can be explained by the gain in the number of doctors of all specialities (in 2017 by 0.74%, in 2019 by 2.32%), the death of older people over 60 years old, who are the most numerous category of disabled people (56.08%). In addition, the rules and criteria of medical and social expertise are being improved. The leading causes of disability among the adult population are malignant neoplasms (33.3%), diseases of the circulatory system (26.35%), diseases of the musculoskeletal system (8.26%). At the same time, the number of disabled children is growing, especially at the age of 7-17 years (705 people). The causes of childhood disability are mental disorders (26.78%), congenital anomalies and deformities (21.96%), diseases of the nervous system (15.81%). The increase in the number of disabled children is explained by an increase in the quality of medical care for pregnant women and premature babies. Conclusion. Primorsky Krai has one of the lowest rates of disability of the accumulated contingent, primary and repeated disability, as well as child disability.

Features of Primary Ocular Disability in the Krasnodar Region in 2016–2018

Purpose: to study the state and dynamics of changes in primary ocular disability in the period 2016–2018 by nosological forms. A complete retrospective study was made based on the data of the MSE (medical and social expertise) Bureau’s reporting documents. The following indicators of primary disability (per 10 thousand population) were registered from 2016 till 2018: among the adult population (18 years and older) 69,0–70,7–68,6 respectively; among the able-bodied population 42,8–44,1–41,1 respectively; among the population of retirement age — 125,1–126,4–124,6 accordingly. In the structure of primary disability of the adult population by severity for the period 2016–2018, the dynamics recorded an increase in the proportion of 1 group and 3 group with a decrease in the share of disability of 2 group. In the nosological structure of primary disability of the adult population in 2016–2017–2018, eye diseases account for 3 %, 3 % and 3.2 %, respectively, of all first recognized as disabled. There has been an increase in first-time applicants to the MSE Bureau. In the nosological structure of primary disability, the percentage of glaucoma patients over the past period is 47–33–32.5 % of the total number of primary disability for eye diseases, which determines the 1st rank. There is a progressive increase in the number of people with disabilities due to glaucoma of group 1 and group 2 throughout the study period. In the nosological structure of primary disability for 2016–2018 the percentage of patients with retinal diseases is 25–23–23.8 % of the total number of primary disability for eye diseases, which corresponds to the 2nd rank. There is a progressive increase in the number of disabled people in group 2. A low proportion of persons of working age in the structure of primary ocular disability was noted. A consistently high share of primary disability and a progressive increase in severe disability combined with an increase in persons of retirement age in the Krasnodar region forms an unfavorable forecast for an increase in the number of blind and visually impaired residents of the region.

The spectrum of vital activity restrictions in disabled people due to thyroid cancer

BACKGROUND: The most common malignant neoplasm of the endocrine system is thyroid cancer. In Russia, as in other countries of the world, the incidence rate is steadily increasing. Thus, it is extremely important to assess the problem of health disorders due to thyroid cancer within the framework of socially significant disability caused by malignant neoplasms in the Russian Federation.
 AIMS: To analyze the spectrum of types and degree of disability in people with disabilities due to thyroid cancer.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The article presents the results of the analysis of the spectrum of the main types of disability in the general contingent of disabled people due to thyroid cancer among the adult population of Moscow (20152019).
 RESULTS: The dynamics of disability both in the contingent of first recognized and in the contingent of re-recognized disabled people (VPI and PPI) was characterized by an increase in the number of disabled people and the transformation of the structure of general disability. There is a clear change in the ratio towards an increase in the share of PPI from 55.1% in 2015. up to 68.0% in 2019, while the share of VPI decreased from 44.9% in 2015 to 32.0% in 2019. The predominant gender cohort was women, and the age category was the elderly. The main types of life restrictions were the restriction of the ability to self-serve (98.6% of the VPI and 97.9% of the PPI), to work (94.7% of the VPI and 94.6% of the PPI) and to move (21.3% of the VPI, 21.8% of the PPI). A low proportion of restrictions on the ability to control ones behavior, learning, communication and orientation was revealed (0.31.2%). The first degree of disability prevailed in the contingents of VPI and PPI (p 0.0001). In the contingent of men, the proportion of disabled people with the third degree of disability was higher compared to the contingent of women.
 CONCLUSION: Dynamic assessment of the degree of severity of functional disorders and associated life restrictions should be carried out at all stages of medical and social rehabilitation in order to monitor the effectiveness of medical and rehabilitation measures, assess the quality of life and prevent progression (secondary prevention of disability).

MODERN PROBLEMS OF ESTABLISHMENT OF REHABILITATION CENTERS. RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW AND EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Problem statement. Modern experience in designing rehabilitation facilities is very small and isrepresented mainly by mobile hospitals. The complexity and multivisibility of the considered problem indicates theneed for its further in-depth study. From the given material it is possible to draw a conclusion that architecture today isredirected to fast change of processes of clearing, the technological equipment.Purpose of the article. The article aims to solve the following tasks:− to conduct a retrospective analysis, to determine the temporary stages of formation and development of medicalinstitutions with a rehabilitation function;− to analyze domestic and foreign design experience;− identify factors influencing the formation of institutions with a rehabilitation function;− to conduct a comparative analysis of modern requirements for the design and construction of rehabilitationcenters in Europe, the United States, Russia, Ukraine, Syria.Conclusion. 1. It is established that the prerequisites for the establishment of rehabilitation centers were thefollowing: The number of disabled people is currently increasing among adults in Syria and Ukraine, as well as in mostcountries around the world, which in recent years has been developing dynamically medical systems for the treatmentof disabled people.Український журнал будівництва та архітектури, № 4 (004), 2021, ISSN (Print) 2710-0367, ISSN (Online) 2710-0375 66 2. It is determined that in the foreign approach to the rehabilitation of the disabled, special conditions are createdfor post-clinical treatment in the departments of clinics, hospitals and specialized centers. The study of foreign designexperience revealed the consistent development of the concept of creating a rehabilitation environment. It is determinedthat the block system of layout of buildings of the rehabilitation center prevails in foreign experience. The originalcorridor planning system of buildings of medical institutions, including rehabilitation centers, gave way to a neutraltype of recreational space.3. Modern experience in designing rehabilitation facilities is very limited and is represented mainly by mobilehospitals, after which, if necessary, the patient is transferred or to a military hospital, obsolete for decades of operation,to a general rehabilitation center where patients are treated for injuries.4. The complexity and multidimensionality of the problem indicates the need and feasibility of its further in-depthstudy.5. From the above we can conclude that today's architecture of ZMR is reoriented to the rapid change of processingprocesses and technological equipment. When designing complex hospital care systems, there is a desire to achievetheir maximum efficiency.6. Rehabilitation centers and hospitals are filled with various elements of infrastructure. They becomemultifunctional. Obviously, there is a tendency to turn the strict walls of hospitals into comfortable ones with complexinteriors.7. The planning structure of medical buildings is also changing. The use of corridor planning systems is decliningas they have become less convenient.8. Therefore, in order to implement the rehabilitation center and for its effective functioning in Ukraine, it isnecessary: at the legislative and practical levels to create rehabilitation departments in all hospitals, where highlyspecialized and formed rehabilitation teams will work; to translate the training of rehabilitation specialists into thehealth care system, as is the case, at least in the United States and European countries. In addition, there must befinancial support for the reform from the state.

DESAIN DAN SIMULASI SOCKET PROSTESIS BAWAH LUTUT DENGAN VARIASI MATERIAL BERBASIS KOMPOSIT

Each year, the number of disabled people in Indonesia increases. About 2.4 million people had some trouble walking in 2014. It includes 650,000 individuals who have significant difficulty walking and ascending stairs. Lower limb prostheses are an option for those who are unable to walk due to leg amputation. One of the most necessary parts of the below-knee prosthesis is the socket. Almost the local prosthetics socket did not give adequate information about the specification. It is a weakness of the local product because there is no guarantee of product safety. The lack of references and standards makes it difficult for manufacturers to improve their products to compete with imported products. This research is focused on the design and simulation of prosthesis sockets with various composite-based materials. The simulation method was adapted from ISO 10328 standard as the testing standard for prosthetics foot. The result shows that the sockets can be used for Indonesians with a calf circumference between 317-345 mm. The simulation results show that the suitable material for use is carbon fiber composite material with a thickness of 3 mm with a bolt hole of 6 mm.

The history of the Paralympic Movement creation

Worldwide, December 3 is the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. Back in 1982, a 10-year Action Program for Persons with Disabilities, called the «Decade of Disabled Persons», was adopted, and at its end in 1992, the General Assembly proclaimed December 3 the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. The task of this day was to promote the rights of persons with disabilities in all spheres of public life, as well as to draw the attention of the general public to the problems of disabled people. Every year there are more and more people with disabilities, for instance, in the Russian Federation alone, the total number of disabled people is 9 % of the population. Some people resign themselves to their fate and close themselves within the walls of their home, while others continue to lead an active life, unwilling to change anything in their usual way in connection with their new status. Such strong-minded people master new professions, acquire previously unknown skills, and try to expand their horizons in various available ways. What is more, some unique personalities in a desire to prove to others, and first of all to themselves, that disability is not destiny even take part in sports competitions organized specifically for people with disabilities. While participation in the Olympics, and even more so victory in it, is a matter of prestige and world recognition for any famous athlete, participation in the Paralympic Games for a disabled person primarily means the victory of the spirit over the body, victory over their own helplessness and weakness, recognition of the fact of beauty and the value of life.

Disabled people and the labor market in the 1950s: the Japanese experience

AbstractOutbreaks of war create large numbers of disabled people. After Japan's defeat in World War II, the Japanese government, under the policy of GHQ, began to create labor policies for disabled soldiers and the general disabled. However, historical research on the labor market participation of the disabled in Japan has not progressed. This study examines the job placement program for the physically disabled in the immediate postwar period. The end of the war encouraged the participation of people with disabilities in the labor market. In the early 1950s, the Ministry of Labor actively tried to find jobs for the disabled to improve the lives of disabled soldiers and bring new labor market participation to disabled people. This research revealed an active debate on whether the participation of disabled people in the labor market should be promoted by coercive state policies requiring companies to hire people with disabilities or by public support. Through analysis of the labor market for disabled people in 1950s, we will provide hints for deeper thinking about who the workers are and what it means to work in our society.

Data visualization for distribution of people with disabilities

Data visualizations make data easier for the human brain to understand, and visualization also makes it easier to detect patterns, trends, and styles in groups of data. With the development of the data visualization, more and more data which contains the information of disabled population has been collected. However, researchers have pointed out some problems with visualizing data especially using traditional methods. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a web-based system for data visualization of disabled people distribution in Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia. Prototyping methodology was chosen in order to develop the web-based system. The results show two main interfaces of the web system which are the admin module and user module. Users may see a specific area, type of disabled people categories and the number of disabled people in the located area from the Google Map. This web system is hope to help public in identifying disabled people location using data visualization technique. In addition, in future it could help the authorize institutions/bodies in doing better planning for disabled people education, facilities and other needs based on its location distribution.

Heavy truck driving attitude and behavior contributing to road traffic accidents

According to the World Health Organisation, road traffic accidents are the leading cause of most emergency admissions in hospitals worldwide. Many people have indicated that road traffic collisions are a significant contributor to DALYs lost. For example, according to the World Health Survey in 2010, road traffic events have been reported as the ninth most common cause of injury-modified life years (DALYs) lost across all age and gender classes. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that one out of every 10 deaths in the world are caused by road traffic accidents. More than 200,000 people are killed in the United States each year from different reasons. The number of disabled people related to this disease will grow even further by 2020. There are nearly 1.5 million out of about 47 million people who are wounded in the highways every year in the United States Drivers were found to be more likely to saddle up for the journey as they set out on main roads. Car seat-belts can make driving more safe by reducing the effect made on the drivers and the passengers in the car. The driver's mood about the problem of distracted driving can be a critical factor in avoiding road traffic accidents. To be safe, drivers should have at least one restful day a week, should not drive for more than eight hours a day, should not travel more than 800 kilometers a day, and will need to have routine checks so that everything is going well and is running properly. Traffic laws, traffic signs, other vehicles, and many other items when on the road; drivers should not eat any nourishment, they should not consume any quantity of alcoholic beverages, they should not use electronic cigarettes, they should not put their mobile phones on.

Preferences in long-term care models and related factors among older adults: a cross-sectional study from Shandong Province, China.

The growth of the aging population has been accompanied throughout a rapid increase in the number of disabled people and the demand for long-term care (LTC) services. Shandong Province has the largest number of older adults in China. It is necessary to explore their preferences in LTC models and the related factors. In a cross-sectional study conducted in August 2017, 6997 older adults aged 60years and older were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent sample t tests, χ2 tests, and multinomial logistic regression were used to show preferences and the related factors in LTC models (family care, home- and community-based care (HCBS), and institutional care) based on the Andersen Behavior Model. Family care (89.1%) was the first preference for older adults and 8.2% chose institutional care, but only 2.7% chose HCBS. The logistic regression results indicated that older people aged 60-64years and those with a higher education level tended to choose HCBS or institutional care (P < 0.05); in the eastern region of Shandong Province, they tended to choose HCBS and institutional care over family care (P < 0.05). Older people with self-care limitations were more likely to choose HCBS (P < 0.05). Older adults with a stronger sense of loneliness were more likely to choose HCBS and institutional care (P < 0.05). The results can enable us to make tentative recommendations for older people, relevant decision-makers, and administrative bodies. Additionally, a more rigorous longitudinal design is necessary to investigate causality in regard to related factors and preference in LTC models.