Number Of Visas Research Articles

Entry visa categories, current experiences and future expectations of highly educated migrants and their intention to stay

With more jobs requiring educational credentials, highly educated migrants are sought by many governments. This study is drawn from recently collected data between 2018 and 2020 in Hong Kong on highly educated migrants from Mainland China. We explored how entry visa categories, current experience and future expectation of highly educated migrants are related to their intention to stay. The findings suggest that all three aspects of their migration experience are related to their intention to stay. The findings also indicate that immigration policies, in particular visa categories, play a significant role in the intention of highly skilled migrants to stay. Thus, the government should pay attention to the types of visas that are likely to influence the retention of the highly educated in Hong Kong and the number of visas that are issued each year.

MIGRATIONSSTEUERUNG IM RAHMEN DES FAMILIENNACHZUGS

Family reunification is one of the purposes of stay within the Residence Act. The granting of the residence permit is fundamentally designed as a claim and must be granted if the requirements are met. In the course of ongoing forced migration, family reunification has become the focus of debates for ways to limit refugee migration. Since Article 6, Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the German Basic Law on the protection of marriage and family do not give rise to a right to entry, although its scope of protection must be taken into account when designing regulations on family reunification, the legislative scope for action is limited. The German legislature has decided that family reunification should be limited for persons with subsidiary protection status. Subsidiary protection is an element of protection that is shaped by EU law, which occurs alongside national asylum law and refugee protection, which is also shaped by EU law. Different requirements apply to these protective elements. Upon recognition, a humanitarian residence permit is issued, which differs in length depending on the protection status. While in the case of recognition as a person entitled to asylum or refugee status, the residence permit is initially issued for a period of one year, the duration in the case of subsidiary protection is only one year. In all cases there is the possibility of an extension. This different length of stay and the lower prospect of staying are the starting point for the restriction of family reunification for persons entitled to subsidiary protection in Section 36a of the Residence Act. As specified in the regulation as an example, family members of a person with subsidiary protection status can be granted a residence permit for the humanitarian reasons. The family reunification is now made dependent on the existence of further prerequisites in addition to family ties and is also designed not as a right but as a discretionary clause. In addition, the number of visas is limited to 1000 per month. Concerns about this restriction of family reunification were raised, in terms of possible violation of Article 6 Paragraphs 1 and 2 and Article 3 Paragraph 1 (Equality before the law) of the German Basic Law. Based on this, the following article carries out a constitutional analysis.

The importance of timing in the U.S. response to undocumented immigrants: A recursive dynamic approach

In an attempt to control the flow of undocumented immigrants, successive U.S. governments have considered large scale deportation, amnesties, expanding visa programs, and fining firms who hire undocumented workers. Using a comparative static model, Aguiar and Walmsley (2013), find that amnesties have a positive impact on the U.S. economy. However, such policies are one-time changes in the labor force, whose benefits diminish over time, and which are unlikely to stop the flow of undocumented workers or fulfill the demands of U.S. firms for cheap foreign labor. In this paper, we use a global dynamic model to investigate the long run implications of three policy scenarios: 1) a one-time amnesty for undocumented workers living in the U.S.; 2) a permanent increase in the number of foreign worker visas; and 3) enhanced border security. We find that an amnesty is much less effective than a permanent increase in the number of visas at promoting economic growth in the U.S., while enhanced border control by the U.S. has a small negative effect due to the relative size of the undocumented labor market in the U.S. Combined, the three policies offer a mechanism for supporting U.S. short- and long-term economic growth, while also benefiting suppliers of migrant workers, such as Mexico.

The Chinese Media Reciprocity Act, public diplomacy and the US–China relationship

In 2011, the US Representative Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) introduced the Chinese Media Reciprocity Act (H.R. 2899). The legislation seeks to amend American immigration law to ensure that the United States does not issue more visas to journalists working for China's state-controlled media in the United States than China issues to journalists working for the US government-funded broadcasters in China. This article contends that while highlighting disparities in the number of visas issued to journalists working for state-owned media operated by the two countries makes for compelling political theater, actual passage of the legislation would be counterproductive. Analysis presented here suggests that although the Act's passage would have little effect on the news Americans get about China, it would destabilize the US–China bilateral relationship, threaten the United States’ international reputation as a supporter of global press freedoms and ultimately result in a net loss for American public diplomacy efforts worldwide. Alternatives for tackling visa disparities and other issues related to both public diplomacy and American concerns about press freedom in China are considered.

Demand for Tech Workers Benefits Undergraduates

NSF SCHOLARSHIPSThe rising number of so-called H-1B visa applications, which allow U.S. companies to hire foreign technical workers, has created a pot of scholarship money at the National Science Foundation (NSF). Thousands of undergraduates majoring in computer science, engineering, and mathematics will soon be awarded scholarships under a new NSF program, established by the legislation that raised the cap on the annual number of visas, that is aimed at boosting the supply of homegrown skilled labor. And the number of such scholarships, earmarked for students on tight budgets, could jump significantly if Congress again raises the cap, as seems likely.

The Growing Importance of Immigration to Population Policy

The U.S. government has had 2 sets of policies regarding immigration (de jure and de facto) which relate to the domination of both sets of policies by private interests. Emigration is only estimated and immigration is only measured for those legally entering the country. Recently 2 decisions have changed the 400000/year limit currently in use by the government: 1) 145000 Indochinese refugees soon to be increased by 15000 more will remain outside formal immigration statistics until their status can be changed from that of parolee to that of immigrant; and 2) the U.S. District Court in Chicago ruled that Cuban refugees now in the country should be granted a stay of deportation until the issue regarding numerical limitations for Cuban refugees rights to visas has been decided. Further the Justice Department has ruled to allow those staying to work legally. Also President Carter has decided to offer permanent resident status to those illegal alients who have lived in the country since January 1 1970. Half amnesty will be offered to others who arrived in the U.S. between January 1 1970 to January 1 1977. The de jure policy in the U.S. is a screening it is legalistic and it shows concern for the rights of those admitted through its processes. The de facto policy is primarily involved with Mexicans and is negatively expressed: 1) there is no law making it illegal to hire an illegal alien 2) the State Department has not been instructed to cut back the number of visas it grants to those likely to become illegal aliens and 3) the Immigration Service has not received funds or laws to limit illegal immigration. Therefore the 3 to 6 million illegal alines in the U.S. inflate the population and deflate the wages of disadvantaged U.S. workers. In Canada a potential immigrant is awarded points for ability to speak the nations 2 languages skills education age and willingness to settle in sections determined by population and unemployment. Perhaps a similar policy should be instituted in the U.S.