Number Of Stalks Research Articles

Growth and production of ornamental sunflower grown in the field in response to application of humic acids

The humic acid fraction of organic matter has a stimulating effect on the growth and development of ornamental plants. This study investigated the response in growth and yield of field-grown ornamental sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to the seed treatment with humic acids. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Sunflower seeds were soaked in solutions of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40mmol L-1 C in the form of humic acids and then sown in the flower beds. At harvest, the flower stems were collected to determine the variables: stem height, stem diameter, fresh stem weight, number of leaves per stem, leaf fresh weight per stem, leaf dry matter per stem, number of flower stalks, and diameter of the floral receptacle. Data were subjected to regression analysis. The results showed increases in all variables in response to the application of humic acids, except in number of leaves per stem, which remained unchanged. The greatest increases usually resulted from concentrations from 15 to 20mmol L-1 C in the form of humic acid. It was concluded that the seed treatment with humic acid at the indicated concentrations increases the number and commercial quality of flower stalks of field-grown ornamental sunflower.

Auxinic Herbicide Phytotoxicity to Container-Grown Muhlenbergia capillaris and Miscanthus sinensis

Phytotoxicity of postemergence applications of auxinic herbicides was evaluated on container-grown Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’ and Muhlenbergia capillaris. Treatments included Triamine II (MCPA, mecoprop-p and dichlorprop-p), Tri-Power (MCPA, mecoprop-p and dicamba), and Triplet Low Odor (2,4-D, mecoprop-p and dicamba), each applied at the labeled dose, twice the labeled dose, or four times the labeled dose. Liners established in 32-cell trays were transplanted to 3-L containers. About two weeks after transplanting, treatments were applied to actively growing plants and re-applied about six weeks later. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and repeated in 2011. Miscanthus was uninjured following a single application at the labeled dose, but following a second application all treatments were injurious in one of two years. Foliage fresh weight was generally not reduced by auxin herbicides, but the number and weight of inflorescence stalks were reduced by all herbicides and doses. Muhlenbergia was injured by twice and four times the labeled doses of all herbicides in both years and by the labeled doses in one year. All herbicide treatments reduced Muhlenbergia inflorescence counts and above-ground fresh weights.

English

Productivity and longevity of sugarcane plantations may currently be affected by the expanded cultivation activities in low fertility areas, which can result in micronutrient deficiencies. Zinc is important in this regard because its deficiency in sugarcane can cause reduced tillering, shorter internodes and thinner stalks. Therefore, the agronomic performance of sugarcane was evaluated (plant-sugarcane and first-ratoon-sugarcane), grown on a sandy soil with low zinc content, in response to rates and sources of zinc applications in the planting grooves. The experiment was conducted in an eutrophic Alfisol in Suzanapolis, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized blocks design in a factorial scheme (5x3), with five zinc rates (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1) and three sources of zinc (sulfate, FTE (Zn silicate powder) and EDTA chelated Zinc) applied only in the planting furrow of the plant-sugarcane, with four replications, was used. The zinc sources had a similar effect on the Zn foliar and stalk contents, number of internodes per stalk, number of stalks per meter and sugarcane stalk productivity (cultivar RB867515), in two crops. Increasing zinc rates afforded a linear increase in the levels of foliar Zn and Zn in the stalks of the plant-sugarcane and first-ratoon-sugarcane, independent of the Zn source used. The zinc rates did not affect the production components and productivity of the plant-sugarcane stalks and first-ratoon sugarcane, grown on a sandy and acid soil with low zinc content. Key words: Saccharum spp., fertilization with zinc, micronutrient, stalk productivity.

GENETIC RESEARCH OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS OF INBRED LINES OF WINTER RYE (Secale cereale L.) IN DIALLEL CROSSINGS

A b s t r a c t One of effective methods for estimation of inbred lines of winter rye is the diallel analysis allowing to spread out genotypic variance to general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combinational abilities and to estimate quantitatively the contribution of the basic gene interactions in expression of traits. The purpose of our research was studying genetic features of inbred lines of rye by means of diallel crossings. Tested 5 inbred lines of winter rye and 10 interline F1 hybrids were obtained according to incomplete diallel scheme (B. Griffing, 1956). Parental lines and F1 hybrids were compared in 2011 and 2012 in a field experiments under the scheme of a Latin square (6½3½3) on the plots of 8.8 m2 in 3 replicates at a sowing rate of 500 seeds per 1 m2. Comparative estimation of gene effects has been carried out for 17 traits. The genetic parameters D, H1, H2, √H1/D, Н2/4Н1 and h2 according to B.I. Hayman (1954) were evaluated, and also the contribution of GCA and SCA effects into genotypic variance was assessed. It was shown that according to effects of GCA to SCA ratio the traits can be divided into two groups. The first group contained 5 traits with low heritability (h2 = 0.10-0.22), exactly the productivity, number of productive stalks per 1 m 2 , number of grains in an ear, height of plant and the content of starch. In this group the contribution of GCA effects was rather low and varied from 7.0 up to 36.4 %, and the expression of traits strongly depended on domination and epistasis. In the second group there were 12 traits with rather high heritability (h 2 = 0.28-0.62) for which an additive dispersion exceeded the component of domination and varied from 50.3 up to 82.0 %. These high-hereditable traits were the winter hardiness, weight of 1000 grains, a grain unit, number of falling, amylogramm peak, viscosity of water extract, temperature of pasting starch, fluidity of dough, loaf volume, the content of protein in grain, sensitivity to snow mould and brown rust. For six traits of this group a strong genotype—environment interaction was characteristic. The conclusion is made that cumulative accumulation of valuable genes by means of recurrent selection is advisable for improvement of inbred lines on these traits in the course of breeding.

Selection strategy in families of energy cane based on biomass production and quality traits

The aim of this study was to identify the traits that most affect production of sugarcane, fiber and lignin content (LIG) with a view toward optimizing the process of assessment and selection of families of energy cane. Fifty full-sibs families were assessed using an incomplete-block design, with five replications. The traits assessed were mean stalk height (SH), mean stalk diameter (SD), mean number of stalks per plant (NS), mean stalk weight (SW), fiber content (FIB), LIG, tons of cane per hectare (TCH), tons of fiber per hectare (TFH) and tons of lignin per hectare (TLH). Based on path analysis, it was possible to observe that the traits SW and NS, in that order, exhibited the greatest direct effects on TCH, TFH, and TLH. These traits they were indirectly affected to a greater degree by NS. The direct effects of FIB, LIG, SH, and SD on TCH, TFH, and TLH were smaller than the residual effects on the analyses carried out, showing their little importance in the selection process. The increase of TFH and TLH mainly occur due to greater biomass production, which is associated with greater tillering capacity and with the SW of the families. Thus, selection of families with greater FIB might not show genetic gains if the mean values for TCH of their offsprings are low. Therefore, selection of the best families for energy cane should be carried out based on TCH, which may be estimated by way of NS and SW.

Valerian roots (Valeriana officinalis L.): Produced in autumn and spring planting date

This paper examines the influence of agro-ecological conditions and plantation periods on the occurrence of planting dates of flower stalks, offering fresh and dried valerian root. The aim of this paper is to solve one of the technological unknowns in primary production of valerian roots, where one group of manufacturers base their production on fall plantation, whereas the other group applies spring plantation. The experiments were established in a randomized block design with four replications in the period of tree years from 2013 to 2015, on the soil of marshy black type. The medicinal plant species of valerian (variety “Vojvodinian”) was used, as the plant material planted in autumn and spring. In the first year of experiment there was a significantly lower number of flower stalks than in the second year. The number of flower stalks were lower when planting was done in spring. Primary reasons for such results were a shorter vegetation period and a larger number of warm days. The higher yield of fresh roots was realized in the first year (2013) due to the lower number of flower stalks, better distribution and larger amounts of rainfall. Overall, twice the yield of fresh valerian roots was recorded in the autumn plantation (14.91 kg ha-1) compared to the spring plantation (6.72 kg ha-1). The result of our research has confirmed some of the benefits of establishing an autumn crop of valerian. Obtained roots with rhizomes from autumn planting dates were bigger and brighter compared to those from spring planting dates.

Agronomic and Energetic Potential of Biomass Sorghum Genotypes

The biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), is an interesting crop considering the neces- sity to invest in alternative sources to generate renewable energy. The objective of this experi- ment was to identify sorghum biomass genotypes with greatest agronomic and energetic potential, and verify if there is phenotypic association between agronomic and technological properties in the hybrids. The study was conducted in three cities of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Lavras, Uberlândia and Sete Lagoas). We evaluated 16 genotypes of sorghum biomass, being 14 of them sensitive hybrids to photoperiod and two cultivars, as control, insensitive to photoperiod. The ex- perimental design was a triple lattice 4 × 4, with plots formed by four linear rows of 5.0 m. The morphoagronomic traits evaluated for the three environments were: days to flowering (FLOW), plant height (PH), number of stalks (NS) and green mass production (GMP). In the experiment conducted in Lavras, we also evaluated the agronomic traits: stalk diameter (SD) and dry mass production (DMP) besides the technological traits: higher heating value (HHV), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The genotype × environment inte- raction was significant for all traits. The hybrids had superior performance compared to the con- trol genotypes. Biomass sorghum hybrids, sensitive to photoperiod, when compared with com- mercial hybrids of forage sorghum, insensitive to photoperiod, had an average production of 34 t ha −1 dry mass with 62% humidity and higher heating value of 4.400 Kcal/Kg. There was no phe- notypic correlation between agronomic and technological traits evaluated. * Corresponding author.

Infestation of <i>Diatraea saccharalis</i> (Fabr.) during Five Consecutive Cycles of Sugarcane Crop Succeeding Leguminous Crops

The area cultivated with sugarcane in Brazil is expanding, and increasingly using legumes cover crop in new deployed areas and in those which were reformed. Long-term trials were carried out in Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of leguminous green manure on the natural infestation of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) during five cropping cycles of sugarcane “IAC 87-3396”. This study was carried out from October 1999 to October 2005 in Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, at coordinates 22°42''S and 47°38''W, 560 m above sea level, in soil classified as Typic Paleudult. Green manure crops were assigned to five treatments: peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) (cultivar “IAC-Tatu” and “IAC-Caiapó”), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) (cultivar “IAC 1”) and velvet-bean [Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Holland] (cultivar “common”). A treatment without any green manure or weed was used as the control. The previous sugarcane crop was destroyed and the soil was prepared in a conventional way (using plow and harrow) before the leguminous crops were sowed. Thirty days after the sowing, weeds were removed and, 120 days later, the crops were cut and its biomass was deposited on the soil surface without incorporation. Experimental plots comprised five rows of sugarcane, each one measuring 10 m long and spaced 1.40 m apart. The sugarcane was harvested 18 months after biomass deposit, on October 25th, 2001 and its stalks were collected at intervals of approximately 12 months in: 07/09/2002, 08/01/2003, 11/07/2004 and 10/06/2005. At harvest, the masses were determined from a sample of sugarcane, cut from three rows (2 m long) in the center of the plot. The losses caused by the sugarcane borer were estimated by the intensity of the infestation by randomly observing and collecting sugarcane stems from each plot. A great reduction in the number of stalks and in the yield was noted proportionally to the intensity of the infestation of the borer in the sugarcane crop grown after the velvet-bean. The sugarcane-velvet-bean rotation should be regarded considering the intensity of sugarcane borer infestation. No influence of the other green manure crops was observed on the intensity of the infestations. However, the harvest seasons of the sugarcane seemed to influence the borer infestation.

Effect of Mother Bulb Size and Planting Space on Seed Production of Onion ( Allium cepa , L. ) Cultivar Giza 6 Mohassan

This study was carried out at the experimental farm of Agriculture Faculty, Sohag University during two successive seasons, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, to investigate the effect of plant spacing and bulb size on seed production of onion cultivar Giza 6 Mohassan. Three different plant spacing (30cm, 40cm and 50 cm) and three bulb size (3:4.5cm, 4.5 >: 6cm and 6 >: 7.5cm) were used in this study. The planting distance between rows was 50 cm. The new Duncan’s multiple range tests showed that the mother bulb size factor had significant effect on all traits. Moreover, planting space significantly affected seed yield parameters except days to sprout. The maximum seed yield per feddanwas recorded withthe large bulb size and the medium planting space.Seed yield per plant and per feddanwereinfluenced by days to sprout, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of stalks per plant, days to flowering, flower stalks height and weight of seeds per umbel. This study is useful for plant breeders and all those interested in the field of onion seed production and application of such investigations may be encourage other researchers to produce seeds in other cultivars.

Targeted Grazing of White Locoweed: Short-Term Effects of Herbivory Regime on Vegetation and Sheep

White locoweed (Oxytropis sericea Nuttall) and nontarget vegetation response to 2 yr of targeted grazing by sheep, one treatment of picloram plus 2, 4-D (HER) or no treatment (CON) were compared. Serum of sheep that grazed locoweed intermittently (IGZ, 5 d on locoweed followed by 3 d off locoweed) vs. counterparts that grazed locoweed continuously for 24 d (CGZ) was also examined. Alkaloid toxicity was inferred by serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and swainsonine, as well as behavior and body weight gains. Three sites were used in a randomized complete block design. IGZ, CGZ, and HER treatments reduced locoweed density (P < 0.01), canopy cover (P < 0.01), number of flower stalks (IGZ: P = 0.02, CGZ and HER: P = 0.01), and plant size (P < 0.01). White locoweed seed density in the soil seed bank was not reduced with grazing, and nontarget vegetation was mostly unaffected by treatments. Grass canopy cover increased in grazed and herbicide plots throughout the study (IGZ: P = 0.03, CGZ and HER: P < 0.01). Percentage bare ground was unchanged (IGZ: P = 0.46, CGZ: P = 0.44) in grazed plots but decreased (P = 0.03) in HER plots. After 24 d, ewes in the IGZ treatment had lower levels of serum ALKP (P < 0.01) and AST (P = 0.02) and marginally lower swainsonine levels (P < 0.07) than CGZ ewes that tended to exhibit lower serum T3 (P < 0.07) and similar serum T4 (P = 0.25) levels. Time spent feeding on locoweed tended to differ (P = 0.06) between treatments. Body weight gain was the same (P = 0.19) regardless of treatment. IGZ of locoweed-infested rangeland with sheep may be a viable short-term means of reducing locoweed density without detrimentally affecting animal health.

Época de emergência de azevém e nabo sobre a habilidade competitiva da cultura da cevada

Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar os efeitos de épocas de emergência das plantas daninhas, azevém e nabo, sobre a cultura da cevada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, arranjado em esquema fatorial 2x5, com três repetições. No fator A, foram alocadas as plantas competidoras (azevém e nabo) e no B as épocas de emergência (14 e 07 dias antes, no mesmo dia, 07 e 14 dias depois da emergência da cultura). No início da floração da cevada, foram mensuradas as variáveis: estatura das plantas, número de colmos ou caules, área foliar e matéria seca da parte aérea da cultura e das plantas daninhas. Todas as variáveis avaliadas da cevada apresentaram aumento de valor com o atraso da emergência das plantas daninhas. As espécies, cultivada ou daninhas, que emergiram antes, apresentaram maior habilidade competitiva, dominando o ambiente quando emergiram 14 dias antes uma da outra. Quanto mais tarde ocorrer a emergência das plantas daninhas com relação à cultura, menor é a interferência e, desse modo, maior é a habilidade da cevada em competir com a espécie daninha pelos recursos disponíveis no meio.

Use of agave by desert bighorn sheep

Abstract We hypothesized that, if agave (Agave) were used by desert ungulates as a source of moisture, they would be used more during drought than during periods with average or above-average rainfall. From 2004–2012, we counted the number of stalks of agave used by Nelson's bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) in 10.3 ha in Deep Canyon, Santa Rosa Mountains, California. During years of average or above-average rainfall, bighorn sheep consumed <3% of available stalks of agave. During years with rainfall below average, bighorn sheep consumed from 20–53% of available stalks of agave, thus supporting our hypothesis.

Family Evaluation for Sugarcane Yield Using Data Estimated from Stalk Number, Height, and Diameter

Family selection in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), as practiced in Australia, was difficult to implement in South Africa because of the non-availability of mechanical harvesting and automatic weighing machines. This study explored the potential of evaluating cane yield of sugarcane families estimated using stalk number, stalk height, and stalk diameter as compared to individual seedling selection. Data for stalk number, stalk height, and stalk diameter were collected from Bruyns Hill and irrigated populations and analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to estimate variance components and best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP). A sample of 500 seedlings produced a significant association (r = 89, P < 0.0001) between actual and estimated cane yield. The results showed significant differences for cane yield among families. Family estimates of broad-sense heritability (H) and percent predicted gains (%Gs) were larger than for individual seedling selection. Elite families within populations were identified using BLUP. Data from four replications and 10 seedlings per plot were adequate for family evaluation.

Estimation of Additive and Nonadditive Genetic Components of Sugarcane Families Using Multitrait Analysis

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. interspecific hybrids) cultivars are a polyploidy and heterozygous complex of genotypes with a large amount of genotypic variability. This study evaluated several commercial traits from a series of trials to provide a better understanding of the genetic structure of this population with the aim of identifying future breeding strategies. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods on single‐ and multiple‐site linear mixed models. In addition, the top‐yielding families using the best linear unbiased prediction were selected and further studied by performing a principal component analysis to facilitate understanding of their morphological characteristics. The traits evaluated were: stalk number, stalk weight, stalk diameter and height, juice percentage of soluble solids (Brix), cane yield, and sugar yield. The results of the single‐site analyses showed that stalk height, stalk diameter, and Brix were the most important variables because of the higher potential gains in yield based on their heritability values. In the multiple‐site analyses, relevant nonadditive effects (i.e., dominance) were detected for the variables cane yield, sugar yield, stalk weight, stalk diameter, and stalk height. The selection of the top‐yielding families by principal component analysis produced two groups of diverging morphological characteristics or ideotypes. Finally, bivariate analyses showed, among others, a high additive genetic correlation between stalk number and stalk weight.

Divergência genética entre clones de cana-de-açúcar usando análise multivariada associada a modelos mistos

This work had the aim to evaluate the genetic divergence in sugarcane clones using the methodology of graphic dispersion by principal components analysis associated to linear mixed models, indentifying the more divergent and productive genotypes with more precision, for a subsequent combination. 138 sugarcane clones of the RB97 series of the Sugarcane Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal do Parana, more two standard cultivars were evaluated in three environments, with two replications. The two first components explained 96% of the total variation, sufficiently for explaining the divergence found. The variable that contributed the most to de divergence was kilogram of brix per plot (BKP) followed by brix, mass of 10 stalks and number of stalks per plot. The more divergent sugarcane clones were RB975008, RB975112, RB975019, RB975153 and RB975067 and the more productive clones were RB975269, RB977533, RB975102, RB975317 and RB975038.

Leaf Surface Colonization of Sugarcane by Xanthomonas albilineans and Subsequent Disease Progress Vary According to the Host Cultivar.

Spread of leaf scald in modern sugarcane cultivars in Guadeloupe occurs through aerial dissemination of Xanthomonas albilineans. However, the importance of host genotype on the foliar spread of leaf scald has never been investigated. To explore this, we followed two trials used to screen sugarcane cultivars for resistance to leaf scald under natural inoculum pressure. Leaf scald epidemic characteristics were studied by measuring epiphytic populations of X. albilineans, leaf symptom incidence and severity, and the number of infected stalks. In both trials, epiphytic X. albilineans populations and incidence of foliar symptoms varied between sugarcane cultivars (P < 0.001 in each trial for both traits) and differences in stalk infection between cultivars was also observed (P < 0.002 and P < 0.07 for trials A and B, respectively). Part of the cultivar resistance that minimizes epiphytic bacterial populations is correlated to resistance to internal leaf tissue infection as expressed by leaf symptoms. No correlation was found between epiphytic X. albilineans populations of cultivar and the incidence of stalk infection. However, foliar symptom incidence was inconsistently correlated with stalk infection. Resistance of sugarcane to leaf scald appears to involve several traits, including limiting size of epiphytic X. albilineans populations and limiting the capacity of the pathogen to produce leaf necrotic symptoms by invading the leaf vascular system or to move from the leaf into the stalk.

Sequential evolution of bacterial morphology by co-option of a developmental regulator

What mechanisms underlie the transitions responsible for the diverse shapes observed in the living world? While bacteria display a myriad of morphologies1, the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of bacterial cell shape are not understood. We investigated morphological diversity in a group of bacteria that synthesize an appendage-like extension of the cell envelope called the stalk2,3. The location and number of stalks varies among species, as exemplified by three distinct sub-cellular positions of stalks within a rod-shaped cell body: polar in the Caulobacter genus, and sub-polar or bi-lateral in the Asticcacaulis genus4. Here we show that a developmental regulator of Caulobacter crescentus, SpmX5, was co-opted in the Asticcacaulis genus to specify stalk synthesis at either the sub-polar or bi-lateral positions. We show that stepwise evolution of a specific region of SpmX led to the gain of a new function and localization of this protein, which drove the sequential transition in stalk positioning. Our results indicate that evolution of protein function, co-option, and modularity are key elements in the evolution of bacterial morphology. Therefore, similar evolutionary principles of morphological transitions apply to both single-celled prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes.

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield Components, Yield and Sugarcane Juice Quality parameters of Soybean-Sugarcane Intercropping at Tendaho Sugar Factory

A field experiment was conducted at Tendaho Sugar Factory in Ethiopia to determine economic rate of nitrogen and phosphorus for soybean-sugarcane intercropping. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Germination percentage, plant population and yield were collected for soybean. Stalk number and weight data were collected for sugarcane at the age of 8 and 14 months, respectively. Cane yield, estimated recoverable sucrose (ERS), sugar yield, and juice quality parameters such as brix (%), pol (%), and purity (%) were also determined. The soil analysis result indicated that soil of the study site was clay in texture with high pH values at the surface and subsurface layers. Moreover, the soil was low in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorous. Analysis of the variance revealed that germination percentage, plant population and yield of soybean were highly significant (p<0.01). Stalk number and weight, cane yield, ERS, and sugar yield were not significant. Juice quality parameters were also not significant. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was the highest, 3.52, when the intercrop fertilized with 18 kg N ha-1and 46 kg P2O5ha-1 at planting and 74 kg N ha-1at 2.5 months of cane age. However, net return (NR) and net benefit cost ratio (NBCR) were found to be the 1st and 2nd highest, respectively, when the intercrop fertilized with 18 kg N ha-1 and 46 kg P2O5ha-1 at planting (T4). Due to this treatment (T4), net return increased by 14.45% over the control (sole sugarcane without fertilizer, T8) and also cost of fertilizer reduced by 50%. It is therefore, T4, fertilizing the intercrop at rate of 18 kg N ha-1and 46 kg P2O5ha-1at planting could be the promising treatment to be recommended to Tendaho Sugar Factory.

Influence of Salinity Stress on Growth Parameters and Yield of Sugarcane

A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the influence of salt stress on growth and yield component of four sugarcane varieties viz., C 92038, Co 85004, Si 94050 and Co 85036. The result of the study reveals that the growth parameter viz., LAI, LAD and CGR, RGR and SGR indicated that the derivation of LAI, CGR and SGR are the reliable growth parameters for assessing the genotypes for salt tolerance, as resistant genotypes Co 85004 and C 92038 performed better because of higher CGR, and SGR in present study. The important yield parameters viz., number of stalk per -1 , stalk length, number of inter nodes, inter nodal length, cane diameter and single cane weight were found to be affected under salt stress condition, which leads in overall yield reduction of 38.56 per cent in T2. However the extent of reduction was less in GA3 treated plants (18.50 %). Under salinity condition, the reduction in yield was less in C 92038 and Co 85004 (29.81 and 28.00 %) and it was found to be maximum in Co 85036 and Si 94050 (47.82 and 47.36 %). Irrespective of the genotypes, supplementing GA3 (150 ppm) as sett treatment and foliar application play role on imparting salt tolerance in terms of getting better growth and cane yield. Keywords: Sugarcane salinity, CGR, RGR, SGR, GA3, resistant and susceptible.

Effect of Microbial (Jeevatu) Treatment on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production

JeevatuTM is a consortium of beneficial natural microbes, available in liquid form. The yield of rice was observed vigorously high in Jeevatu based rice cultivated plant. The seed production in per spikelet is 237.1±44.92 in Jeevatu based and 179.4±25.26 in chemical based rice plant. In case of vegetative growth, 173.1±6.34 cm and 140.9±11.11 cm in Jeevatu based rice plant and chemical based methods respectively. Similarly the length of stalk of spikelet is 27±1.63cm and 22.1±2.23 cm was observed in Jeevatu based and chemical based respectively. The number of stalk in lumps is 16.2±1.75 and 12.2±2.20 in Jeevatu and chemical based paddy plant respectively under the same environment and physical factors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9134 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 184-188