Number Of Sponsors Research Articles

The Relationship between Sports Events and Branding; A Symbiosis of Sports and Brand Marketing

Sports events are witnessed with number of sponsors. The sponsorship of sporting events results in the promotion of a certain brand in exchange. Various sports events attract masses of crowd not only in ground but also on various media. It gives marketers the option to target such large masses of people and turn them into patrons who are devoted to their brand. This study focuses on the relationship between sports event and sponsoring brands. Sponsorship of sports is a great way for a company to become more visible. The brand is exposed to a large audience on athletic stages and in the media by associating with a sporting event or team. Making the most of distribution channels, including press appearances, social media, television broadcasts, and stadium advertising, is crucial to maximizing this visibility. The study is of qualitative nature using in depth interviews. Findings of the study suggest that there exists a mutually beneficial relationship “symbiosis” between sports and sponsoring brands. In the conclusion, this study highlights the dynamic relationship between sports and brand marketing, highlighting the continued significance of sporting events as crucial platforms for consumer interaction and brand promotion in modern international marketplaces.

Crowdfunding platforms: What factors influence the success of attracting investments

Subject. The article addresses crowdfunding being a method of collective financing of projects by end–users. According to statistics, every year the number of projects that do not collect the declared amount of funding on crowdfunding platforms is growing rapidly. This is due to the lack of proper experience among project initiators, as well as the fragmentation of existing studies. Objectives. The study aims at filling the identified scientific gaps and defining the key factors that influence the success of fundraising through crowdfunding platforms. Methods. We employed general scientific methods of research. The study rests on data collected on Russian crowdfunding platform Planeta.ru. Results. We analyzed 1,452 projects and constructed two types of regression models, i.e. linear and logarithmic. A factor was considered statistically significant, if it was present in one of final regression models. Thus, we revealed the importance of such factors as the amount of declared funds for project implementation, previous experience of project initiator, time duration of fundraising, number of news and comments recorded on project page, number of sponsors and money transfers. We also unveiled the importance of project orientation. Conclusions. The findings may be useful for project initiators when raising funds through crowdfunding platforms.

Inclined analysis of water diversion project supply chain profits in the occurrence of whole supply chain damage in undeveloped regions of China.

The main objective of this research is the water redistribution supply network project, which includes the water transportation company and the water work. The innovative regulatory accounting approach is used to build non-cooperative and helpful game models under government endowments. Different levels and types of government subsidies were then considered in terms of water availability, estimation, and benefit-sharing. Results reveal that water supply and price increase in cycles with the number of sponsors, while the cost of water work falls as sponsorships increase. Despite this, the cost of the water plant remained the same while sponsorship levels remained stable. Although the worth of the water transportation company fluctuates, the more endowments it receives when its value is lower. The appropriateness of the proposed game model was illustrated in the Nile Waterway Water Redirection Task.

Analysis on the Impact of Foreign Players on the Chinese Basketball Association from the Perspective of the Sports Economy

Established in 1995, Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) is the first-tier professional men's basketball league in China. CBA opening doors to foreign players has brought a lot of changes to the Chinese professional men's basketball league. By reviewing previous research, this paper conducts further analysis on the impact of the introduction of foreign players on CBA from the perspective of the sports economy, and gives suggestions on the future development of CBA. Finally, this paper draws a conclusion that the introduction of foreign players increased salary expenditure, ticket income, and the number of sponsors. However, it may also create obstacles to the balanced development of Chinese players and different CBA teams, as well as weaken their advertising value. Therefore, apart from foreign players, there is also a need for CBA to add more talents for better management in team operation and intangible assets, thus establishing a stable system and promoting the maturity of the Chinese basketball market.

Determinants of Successful Crowdfunding Campaigns: Evidence from Russian Crowdfunding Platform Boomstarter

According to practice, about half of the projects on crowdfunding sites (based on rewards) do not collect the declared amount of funding. This is largely due to the lack of experience in running crowdfunding campaigns and ignoring important factors that are important to take into account when managing crowdfunding campaigns. Many foreign publications have studied the nature of the influence of various determinants on the success of fundraising on crowdfunding platforms, in particular, on Kickstarter, Indiegogo, Ulule, Eppela and others. As for research on Russian crowdfunding platforms, there is an extremely small number of such studies. Based on the construction of OLS regressions for 300 projects from July 2020 to May 2022 by the end date of the project from the Russian crowdfunding platform Boomstarter, we firstly obtained that such determinants as choosing a reasonable financial goal of the project, the number of sponsors, the numberof project comments and the availability of video materials about the project have a positive impact on the success of the crowd campaign. In addition, we have developed a model based on logit regression testing, which has a high predictive power. This model can be used to predict the results of a crowd campaign with given parameters.
 In further research in this area, it is possible to increase the number of observations, change the set of factors that potentially affect the success of a project’s fundraising on crowdfunding platforms, and also consider the influence of factors depending on the category of the project. A promising area of research is the analysis of social interactions between investors in the framework of crowdfunding campaigns and the identification of the nature of the dependence of the volume of collected financial resources throughout the entire project financing cycle in the Russian market.

Attribution Interpretation of Urban Marathon Events Based on Random Matrix Model

The arrival of the national fitness boom has enabled the marathon as a large-scale sports event to attract the attention of a sufficient number of sports enthusiasts in a relatively short period of time. These people attracted by the event will have a series of expenses and expenditures also precisely reflect the prominent role of sports events on social and economic effects. In this paper, the AISAS consumption behavior model is used as the theoretical research model, and the survey data of urban marathon participants is used as the basis for analysis. The methods of generating attention, interest surveys, information search methods, actual consumption items and amounts during the action, and postmatch satisfaction and information sharing willingness and methods have been analyzed and counted in detail, and spss21.0 software is used to analyze the statistics. The results are analyzed. In addition, this paper studies the effect of the subspace weighting algorithm based on the singular value of random matrix on the urban marathon. Using the results of the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix in random matrix theory, the energy of each subspace is estimated, and then the subspace weighting matrix is constructed with the estimated energy. Through the calculation of the weights of the indicators, the weights of the three-level indicators of the event quality are ranked in the order of participation experience, cooperative media level, enthusiasm of local residents to watch the competition, registration status of the competition, number of sponsors, quality of sponsors, enthusiasm of local residents to participate in the competition, media value, and number of cooperative media algorithm, in which the marathon economic effect is defined as the estimated angle where the deviation between the estimated value and the true value exceeds 20%, that is, the root mean square error of the estimated angle is greater than 10%. In the first-level indicators, the quality of the event to evaluate the impact of the event itself has been added. The quality of the event is the influence of the urban marathon itself, which originates from the quality of the marathon itself. At the same time, the quality of the urban marathon is also the foundation of its economic, social, and environmental impact on the host site, so the quality of the urban marathon is an important impact indicator.

Third-generation cognitive behavioral therapy versus treatment-as-usual for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThis study aims to compare improvements in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity between a group of ADHD children and parents undergoing a new therapeutic program based on third-generation cognitive behavioral therapy (Hyper-mCBT) and a similar group undergoing treatment-as-usual with the Barkley program.MethodsTwo hundred forty-eight children diagnosed with ADHD will be randomly assigned to either a Hyper-mCBT program or a Barkley program. This is a multicenter randomized (1:1), 2 parallel-group, superiority trial with evaluator blinding and stratification according to center and methylphenidate treatment. The Hyper-mCBT program consists in a series of 16 simultaneous-but-separate therapy sessions for parents and for children.DiscussionMore effective psychotherapeutic approaches are needed for ADHD children. Pharmacotherapy seems to be more effective in reducing ADHD symptoms but it is not always helpful, it carries side effects, and it is rejected by many parents/professionals. Results for psychotherapy programs for ADHD are inconsistent although several studies have shown clinical improvements. This trial will substantiate encouraging preliminary results of an innovative psychotherapy program for both parents and children.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03437772. Registered on February 19, 2018. Sponsor number: PHRC-N/2016/JLC-01. RCB identification: 2017-A01349-44

Analysis of Sponsorships in Clubs Participating in NBB 2020-2021

The lack of data on sports sponsorship and on the segments that invest the most in this practice, combined with the scarce academic literature on the subject, the lack of professionalism of a large portion of sports managers in Brazil and the lack of knowledge of sponsors about the benefits of sports sponsorship motivated the carrying out of this study, which aimed to analyze the number of sponsors of clubs participating in the NBB 2020-2021, identify the area of activity of their sponsors and which areas were predominant. The research had an exploratory and descriptive nature and used a documental procedure and quantitative analysis. Sponsor data was collected from the official websites and social networks of the 16 clubs participating in the NBB 2020- 2021 season. The data showed a total of 163 sponsoring/supporting companies in total, that is, each team, on average, had 10.2 sponsoring companies. Two diametrically opposite ways emerged for clubs to relate to their sponsors. On the one hand, some teams show a significantly higher number than the average, in the case of Franca (27 companies), Bauru (23), Campo Mourão (21) and Unifacisa (16), and on the opposite side, some teams showed a good number of commercial partners. below average, such as: Corinthians (no company), Pinheiros (2), Paulistano and Minas Tênis (3). These results show heterogeneity in the strategy of clubs participating in the NBB 2020-2021 to relate to this form of revenue. While most basketball clubs have pulverized their partnerships, data show that socio-sports clubs and football clubs are more restrictive when carrying out their commercial partnerships related to sponsorship. The results can be useful for club directors to understand which segments have the greatest potential for interest in the sport, such as the retail trade, health, financial services and education sectors. The results may also indicate to some economic segments that basketball teams are potential possibilities for publicizing the company, given the existence of a significant number of companies in their area among the current sponsors, that is, companies belonging to the areas mentioned above should be on the lookout for opportunities to connect with sports sponsorship through basketball, as your competitors appeared more frequently in this survey.

Clinical trial master file migration: A preordained step for a centralized electronic trial master file

The need to speed up clinical trial processes in a cost-effective manner, increased importance of data integrity, and ensuring timely compliance to regulatory requirement updates regarding the Trial Master File (TMF), has made the pharmaceutical industry delineate the requirement to maintain a centralized TMF with quality control. With the exponential increase in the number of sponsors using centralized electronic TMF (eTMF), the shift of trend positively impacts the need for data migration requirements in the TMF space. With an objective to serve the readers handling migration projects, this review article discusses the data migration requirements in clinical operations and eTMF in clinical trials, possible techniques to consider avoiding anticipated roadblocks, and a few other key points. The article also focuses on steps to be taken post migration to ensure meeting the quality of the migrated data in terms of regulatory compliance.

Influence of perceived and effective congruence on recall and purchase intention in sponsored printed sports advertising

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of congruence (perceived and effective) and the level of visual attention towards sponsors on recall and purchase intention in sports sponsorship by applying neurophysiological measures.Design/methodology/approachThis study is part of neuromarketing research applied to sports. The experiment entails eye tracking with 111 men and 129 women (n=24) with 24 sports posters of three different disciplines (sailing, tennis and F1), varying the congruence, the number of sponsors and the position (2×2×2). The data are analyzed via analysis of covariance and regression using ordinary least squares.FindingsBrand recall is influenced by the number of sponsors present on the poster and by the time of fixation. Effective and perceived congruence covariance the purchase intention, but the full time of fixation on the sponsor does not. The latter only, purchase intention indirectly.Practical implicationsThe results enable managers to implement better poster designs and sponsors to have objective measures of sponsorship.Originality/valueThere are few studies that analyze print media in sponsorship using neurophysiological techniques. This research is a pioneer in considering attention to sports posters to examine recall and purchase intention.

Uro-Vaxom\xae versus placebo for the prevention of recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infections in participants with chronic neurogenic bladder dysfunction: a randomised controlled feasibility study

BackgroundPatients with lower neurogenic bladder dysfunction are at an increased risk of suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections. Recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infection is occasionally treated with antibiotics as a prophylactic prevention strategy. This risks increasing the frequency of antibiotic resistance. National healthcare policymakers have requested further research into alternative preventive measures for pathologies that require antibiotic treatment.MethodsThis study protocol describes a two-centre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections with the commercial immunotherapy agent Uro-Vaxom®, based on Escherichia coli pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Eligible participants are recruited by the direct healthcare team and randomised to receive Uro-Vaxom® in the form of an oral capsule, or a matching placebo. Participants will receive the study treatment daily for 3 months and followed up for an additional 3 months so that the number of symptomatic urinary tract infection episodes and individual signs and symptoms per episode can be recorded using participant study diaries. Primary outcome measures are: number of symptomatic urinary tract infections experienced over 3 months, number of symptomatic urinary tract infections experienced over 6 months, time from the start of treatment to the first urinary tract infection, and the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcome measures are: individually recorded symptoms normally associated with recurrent urinary tract infection and consistency of reported symptoms during the symptomatic urinary tract infection experienced during the study, compliance with study protocol and study medication, and adverse events.DiscussionHealthcare policymakers recommend that alternative preventative strategies are identified for symptomatic urinary tract infections that require antibiotic treatment. If Uro-Vaxom® is shown to be effective, this feasibility study would warrant a larger, statistically powered, multicentre study to investigate whether this immunotherapy strategy is an effective preventative measure for recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infection for people with spinal cord injuries and neurological pathologies.Trial registrationISRTCN. Registered on 30 October 2015.ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT0251901. Registered on 30 October 2015.URL of trial registry record: Ethics Ref: 15-LO-2069. IRAS Number: 185760. Sponsor Number: RXQ/648.NIHR Funding Reference: PB-PG-1013-32017.

Explanations by arbitrated argumentative dispute

Explaining outputs determined algorithmically by machines is one of the most pressing and studied problems in Artificial Intelligence (AI) nowadays, but the equally pressing problem of using AI to explain outputs determined by humans is less studied. In this paper we advance a novel methodology integrating case-based reasoning and computational argumentation from AI to explain outcomes, determined by humans or by machines, indifferently, for cases characterised by discrete (static) features and/or (dynamic) stages. At the heart of our methodology lies the concept of arbitrated argumentative disputesbetween two fictitious disputants arguing, respectively, for or against a case’s output in need of explanation, and where this case acts as an arbiter. Specifically, in explaining the outcome of a case in question, the disputants put forward as arguments relevant cases favouring their respective positions, with arguments/cases conflicting due to their features, stages and outcomes, and the applicability of arguments/cases arbitrated by the features and stages of the case in question. We in addition use arbitrated dispute trees to identify the excess features that help the winning disputant to win the dispute and thus complement the explanation.We evaluate our novel methodology theoretically, proving desirable properties thereof, and empirically, in the context of primary legislation in the United Kingdom (UK), concerning the passage of Bills that may or may not become laws. High-level factors underpinning a Bill’s passage are its content-agnostic features such as type, number of sponsors, ballot order, as well as the UK Parliament’s rules of conduct. Given high numbers of proposed legislation (hundreds of Bills a year), it is hard even for legal experts to explain on a large scale why certain Bills pass or not. We show how our methodology can address this problem by automatically providing high-level explanations of why Bills pass or not, based on the given Bills and their content-agnostic features.

Sponsorship in Mass Children's Sport

This article is about the activities in sponsorship of mass children's sports of which are held in Russian companies. The impact on the development of sports infrastructure. Provides in-depth analysis of the events. Recommendations to government to increase the number of sponsors.

Congruence and placement in sponsorship: An eye-tracking application

Sporting events can be announced using sports posters and by disseminating advertisements on the internet, on the street and in print media. But until now, no prior research has measured the effectiveness of sponsorship in sporting event posters. This study uses eye tracking to measure the effectiveness of sporting event posters and proposes considering the level of the viewer's attention as an indicator. This research involves a factorial experiment based on the following variables: congruence, the number of sponsors, and placement of the sponsor's advertisement in a sporting event poster. The results indicate that sponsors positioned in the poster's area of action receive more attention. However, we were unable to prove that congruent sponsors receive more attention, as claimed in the literature. This result could be due to a situation of blindness towards the sponsor. The conclusion section of this paper discusses theoretical conclusions and potential managerial actions.

An empirical exploration of sponsorship sales in North American professional sport

PurposeSponsorship sales in professional sport is an area of increasing attention and growing investment, but the sport management literature offers only limited research about sales strategies and tactics. As a result, practitioners and academics alike have called for investigation in the area. In response to this need, the purpose of this paper is to empirically explore sponsorship sales in professional sport.Design/methodology/approachSponsorship sales professionals working for sport properties in the four major North American sport leagues were surveyed on a variety of sponsorship sales-related variables and factors.FindingsA total of 92 sponsorship sales professionals responded to the study, for an estimated 15.3 percent response rate. At the time of the data collection, the 92 respondents worked in the National Football League (NFL) (37), Major League Baseball (MLB) (16), National Basketball Association (NBA) (18), and National Hockey League (NHL) (21). A series of practical, conceptual, and comparative results are presented, highlighted by turnover as a problem, the importance of activation/servicing in sponsorship sales, and the high level of investment clubs are making in sponsorship sales.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, on “coverage,” the authors acknowledge that variations in the data can be linked, to a large extent, to reporting issues due to the nature of the study, the data, and the sample. Variations in sponsor number or training, for example, are not necessarily indicative of weaknesses in the industry, but occur because of strategic differences among properties. Second, it is important to note that not all properties had personnel respond to the study. Consequently, the figures presented in this study might be a function of the individual personnel who responded rather than a true average figure for a particular league. Third, in terms of the sample, this study deals with a very specific context in the four North American major sport leagues (NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL). Thus, one should be careful in generalizing to minor professional, collegiate, Olympic, or other sport contexts.Practical implicationsThe finding of this paper states that the turnover of sponsors may be a structural issue and is certainly related to the demand for the particular property (Seaver Marketing Group, 2010). Driven by a number of factors, including technology shifts to digital channels and increased sophistication by the sponsorship sales departments of professional sport properties, a shift in the activation and service paradigm is reported and extended to the specific context of sponsorship sales.Social implicationsResults show that sport properties in the North American major sport leagues have a strong commitment to sponsorship sales by the organization (commitment of resources), by sport personnel (who support the business side), and by their sponsorship sales professionals who report satisfaction, motivation, and support from their property.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical research study specific on sponsorship sales in professional sport, thus providing direction for practice and future research on an issue of high importance to the sport industry.

Ambush Marketing: A Threat for Sponsors

Ambush marketing is a means of getting the maximum bang for the buck while stealing some of a rival’s thunder. As the costs of becoming official sponsors of a major sports event have mushroomed in recent years, sponsors increasingly have to deal with what has become known as ambush marketing. Ambush marketing as a concept first came to light at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Those Games, which generated a surplus of some US$250 million, were deemed an overwhelming success. They were the first to be funded entirely privately. Prior to this any number of sponsors were allowed to tie themselves to the Olympics on an ‘official’ basis. In 1976, Montreal Olympics there were 628 ‘official’ sponsors.

The role of regulators, investigators, and patient participants in the rise of the placebo response in major depressive disorder.

The role of regulators, investigators, and patient participants in the rise of the placebo response in major depressive disorder.

Editorial: Quaternary revolutions

The QRA@50 meeting was organized by a team of people including the editors, John Catt, Catherine Souch, Tom Hill, Danni Pearce and a team of postgraduates and staff from the Royal Geographical Society-Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG). It was made possible by support from a number of sponsors, including RGS-IBG, van Walt, Beta Analytic Ltd, the Natural History Museum, Wiley-Blackwell and C3W (Climate Change Consortium of Wales). We would like to thank the reviewers of all the papers for their comments and suggested improvements to the papers.

And now, goodbye

While most sponsorship research focuses on the initiation and maintenance of properties and the brands that sponsor them, little is known about how brands fare when they terminate sponsorship relationships. Building on balance theory and attribution theory, we examine contextual characteristics that mitigate negative effects of sponsor exit, including the brand’s motives for sponsorship, sponsorship duration and the number of sponsors supporting the event. The results of two experimental studies show that, although exit generally harms attitudes towards the exiting brand, contextual characteristics along with the consumer’s involvement with the domain of the event shape differential consumer responses to sponsor exit. The findings have implications for sponsorship theory as well as practical implications for sponsored properties and the brands they seek to attract and maintain as sponsors.

Impact of private equity investments in infrastructure projects

Private financing of infrastructure projects is commonly seen in many countries today. In recent years, many private infrastructure projects have also attracted investment from Private Equity (PE) firms. Though there have been instances of PE investment in infrastructure even in the past, the growth has been substantial in recent years. This paper analyses the role of PE investments in infrastructure financing. The findings are based on an analysis of 2821 infrastructure projects that were announced during 1990–2009. It was found that projects with PE investment were larger when compared to projects that did not have PE investment, indicating that that PE investment helped in successfully financing larger projects. Our analysis also indicated that PE investment in infrastructure is more frequently seen in developed countries as compared to developing countries. In developing countries, the number of sponsors is higher in projects with PE investment without any corresponding increase in project size. This indicates that PE investors have helped in sharing the project risk among a larger group of investors, thereby reducing the risk faced by the individual sponsors.