Number Of Seats Research Articles

Design of Information System Vehicle Rental Based Web

The purpose of this study is to facilitate vehicle rental transactions between vehicle owners and tenants to make it easier for tenants to choose a vehicle that matches their needs such as engine capacity, number of seats, and so on. That way the tenant does not need to be bothered to come to the rental vehicle to minimize time. The method of this study used descriptive method where the writer conducts interviews directly with the owner who also rents the vehicle at SINAR XBZ to be used in case studies in this research. The results of this study are expected to create a vehicle rental website that can increase the attractiveness of consumers to rent vehicles quickly and reliably. Besides, it is expected that this website can make it easier for both vehicle rental owners and tenants so that the income from the vehicle rental can increase.

FORMALIZATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSIT CROWDING INDICATORS

Urban public transport ensures a high level of service for its users. Despite the challenges of comprehensiveness of the measurement of the level of transport service, the one of the most important unit assessment is in-vehicle crowding level. Excessive crowding level of the vehicle compartment causes passengers feeling uncomfortable during trip. Consequently, the crowding level is a factor, should be rationing. Assessment of in-vehicle crowding level observing using different indicators which have variation in units of measurement, descriptive properties, circumstances of apply, etc. Simultaneously, it makes it harder to assess and compare conditions of public transit according to occupancy rate, via dissimilar measures of its value, as well during the observation, as well as the address the challenges of urban public transport organization. In view of the above-mentioned, formalization of the relationship between the crowding indicators in urban public transport is a pressing task that needs to be addressed. The research presents the relationship between these in-vehicle crowding level: the passengers density per sq. m of the vehicle’s floor intended for standing passengers (passenger density) The floor area of the vehicle intended for single standing passengers; load factor which is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to its capacity; load factor is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to the number of seats. The relationship between considering indicators of occupancy rates of vehicles have been established. Its value is entirely determined via dependencies of the ratio of seats in the passenger capacity of vehicles and the passenger density at which its was found. Further research is focused on the application of the proposed dependencies in solving the problems of rationing the public transit crowding level and assessing the influence of the occupancy rate on the passenger’s route choice decisions. Keywords: public transit, passenger transportation, vehicle capacity, in-vehicle crowding level, load factor.

P23 Do Restaurants in Japan Support the Goals of Minimizing Food Loss and Maintaining Healthy Weight?

<h3>Background</h3> Serving excessive amounts of food may not only stimulate overeating in customers but also increase leftovers. Minimizing food loss and having more people who maintain healthy weight are national goals in Japan and are included in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). <h3>Objective</h3> To examine how restaurants support the goals of minimizing food loss and maintaining healthy weight, and owners' thoughts about leftovers. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> A cross-sectional study was conducted via an internet survey through a Japanese research company. Four hundred and twelve restaurants owners participated. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Measures included frequency and record of leftovers, thoughts about serving amount and leftovers, readiness for achieving Japanese national goals, recognition and referring of SDGs, and demographics. Descriptive analysis was used. <h3>Results</h3> Three hundred seven out of 412 participants were men (74.5%); average age was 51.0 years (SD = 9.3). Most were small business owners (n = 357, 86.7%); average number of seats was 32.3 (SD = 44.71). Twenty-five percent answered that leftovers were found "often" (n = 5, 1.2%) or "sometimes" (n = 98, 23.8%), but 68% (n = 281) answered that they did not record it regularly. Seventy-seven percent (n = 319) answered that the eating amount was affected by the serving amount but 61% (n = 253) thought that the customers should control their eating amount. Moreover, 84.2% believed that a lot of food is necessary for customer satisfaction (n = 347). Only few reported to have started something for achieving the national goals of minimizing food loss (n = 47, 11.4%) and maintaining healthy weight (n = 14, 3.4%). The restaurants that referred to SDGs for running their business were only 2.7% (n = 11), and 73.5% (n = 303) answered never to have heard of SDGs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although a quarter of the restaurants had leftovers, most restaurant owners believed a large quantity food was needed. Moreover, very few restaurants knew about SDGs.

\u201cWho\u2019ll take the chair?\u201d Maternal employment effects of a Polish (pre)school reform

This study examines the impact of preschool availability on the employment of mothers of preschool-aged children. We exploit a transitional phase of a 2009 Polish education reform that simultaneously lowered the primary school age from 7 to 6 and provided a statutory right to preschool to 5-year-olds. As a significant share of 6-year-old children moved into primary schools a year earlier, their preschool seats effectively became available for younger children. The reform thereby led to a substantial rise in the number of available preschool seats for 3- to 5-year-olds. Using regional variation in the degree of preschool expansion, we estimate the impact of the increased availability of preschool seats on maternal employment. Our results indicate a significant and sizable employment effect: a 10% points increase in the ratio of preschool seats to preschool-aged children increases maternal employment by around 4.2% points. The effect seems to be concentrated among highly educated mothers and mothers with a youngest child of age three.

Massive Parallelization Boosts Big Bayesian Multidimensional Scaling

Big Bayes is the computationally intensive co-application of big data and large, expressive Bayesian models for the analysis of complex phenomena in scientific inference and statistical learning. Standing as an example, Bayesian multidimensional scaling (MDS) can help scientists learn viral trajectories through space-time, but its computational burden prevents its wider use. Crucial MDS model calculations scale quadratically in the number of observations. We partially mitigate this limitation through massive parallelization using multi-core central processing units, instruction-level vectorization and graphics processing units (GPUs). Fitting the MDS model using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, GPUs can deliver more than 100-fold speedups over serial calculations and thus extend Bayesian MDS to a big data setting. To illustrate, we employ Bayesian MDS to infer the rate at which different seasonal influenza virus subtypes use worldwide air traffic to spread around the globe. We examine 5392 viral sequences and their associated 14 million pairwise distances arising from the number of commercial airline seats per year between viral sampling locations. To adjust for shared evolutionary history of the viruses, we implement a phylogenetic extension to the MDS model and learn that subtype H3N2 spreads most effectively, consistent with its epidemic success relative to other seasonal influenza subtypes. Finally, we provide MassiveMDS, an open-source, stand-alone C++ library and rudimentary R package, and discuss program design and high-level implementation with an emphasis on important aspects of computing architecture that become relevant at scale.

Estimation of Sport Facilities by Means of Technical-Economic Indicator

Abstract This paper is concerned with early cost estimation of sport facilities. Sufficiently precise cost estimation is essential for investors in the pre-investment stage where they decide on whether to pursue an investment and choose a suitable technical solution for the development of the project. Through a detailed analysis of the technical and economic documentation pertaining to seven sport facilities projects assembled using concrete prefabricated beam parts, as well as evaluation of the data thus obtained, three types of technical-economic indicators were set in relation to the enclosed building area, the number of spectator seats and the sports playing area. The results achieved indicate that evaluation of relations between these three indicators could contribute to a more effective use of investment funding on the part of the investor. Other conclusions include the finding that available indicators published by private companies active in the area of construction budgeting are not sufficiently accurate for the purposes of investment decision-making; specifically, these indicators greatly overestimate the costs of sport facilities, which can potentially lead to these projects being rejected. This contribution brings know-how for a more accurate early cost estimation of sport facilities in the Czech Republic which can, thanks to a generally applicable methodology, be used in other countries as well.

European Regional Airport: Factors Influencing Efficency

Abstract During the recent decade a lot of research has been focused on identification of the importance of regional airport for the local economy and the measuring and predicting of the airport’s efficiency. With regard to individual airport planning it turns out that airports are not free in the optimization of infrastructure due the need to comply international aviation standards and recommended practices, one the one hand, and the tendency of air transportation system development including aircraft design and airlines’ fleet development, on the other. Furthermore, it is also important to take into account the specificity of each particular airport, including the traffic variability resulting from seasonality, with the airport’s mission geared to it. We found, tha t one of the reasons for the relatively low efficiency of regional airports, given the general trend in the growth in the number of seats for narrow-body aircraft. Likewise, it has been found, that the seasonality of air traffic at regional airports is comparatively high. In addition, this paper spotlights the ways the theoretical model of returns to scale affects the efficiency of the apron of the regional airport and briefly discusses the different interpretations of the definition of regional airport.

The impact of employee relations on the reputation of the board of directors and CEO

This study examines the impact of employee relations issues on the reputation of the board of directors and the executive officer (CEO). We utilize a unique, hand-collected dataset of employee disputes, including lawsuits, complaints, health and safety inspections, and wage-hour-benefit violations. We show that, when firms engage in employee mistreatment, both directors and CEOs are punished by deterioration in their reputation, as proxied by a reduced number of outside seats. In addition, we document that case characteristics, such as settlement fees, attorney fees, case duration, and case outcome, can play an important role in the CEO’s diminished reputation and losing extra board seats. Overall, our results provide evidence supporting an association between employee workplace treatment and the individual reputations of directors and CEOs.

Determinants of variation in public investment in emerging Europe

PurposeThis paper evaluates the economic, political and institutional determinants of variation in public investment in emerging Europe.Design/methodology/approachPanel econometrics (panel-corrected standard error, generalized least squares and the two-stage least squares) methods have been applied using annual data from 2000 to 2017 for 16 countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).FindingsPublic investment was procyclical in relation to output and negatively associated with the level of public debt. Austerity episodes triggered a significant drop in public investment. Positive drifts in public investment during election periods and the negative impact of the number of cabinet seats held by left-wing parties have been captured. While no firm evidence on the impact of EU membership was found, the results show that arrangements with the IMF were strongly associated with lower public investment. Political factors were of greater importance in Central Europe and the Baltics, while institutional factors had a more significant impact in South Eastern Europe.Practical implicationsTo foster public capital formation, it is necessary to: 1) strengthen the countercyclicality of public investment policy and to keep public debt at a low level; 2) adjust the fiscal criteria for EU membership in a manner that would enable countries to use the EU structural fund more effectively, while maintaining fiscal sustainability; 3) put a stronger emphasis on structural features of fiscal policy when designing country-level arrangements with the IMF.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on determinants of public investment policy by adding empirical evidence for emerging Europe countries.

Approval-Based Apportionment

In the apportionment problem, a fixed number of seats must be distributed among parties in proportion to the number of voters supporting each party. We study a generalization of this setting, in which voters cast approval ballots over parties, such that each voter can support multiple parties. This approval-based apportionment setting generalizes traditional apportionment and is a natural restriction of approval-based multiwinner elections, where approval ballots range over individual candidates. Using techniques from both apportionment and multiwinner elections, we are able to provide representation guarantees that are currently out of reach in the general setting of multiwinner elections: First, we show that core-stable committees are guaranteed to exist and can be found in polynomial time. Second, we demonstrate that extended justified representation is compatible with committee monotonicity.

Inequity in Distribution of Psychiatry Trainee Seats and Institutes Across Indian States: A Critical Analysis.

Background The delivery of mental health services largely depends on the adequacy of human resources. In India, the deficit of psychiatrists is more than 90% and is one of the major challenges that needs to be tackled to address the huge burden of mental illness. Psychiatry trainee institutes play a vital role in reducing human resource deficit and inequality in delivering mental health care. However, the distribution pattern of psychiatry trainee seats and institutes across Indian states is unknown. Therefore, we estimated the number of psychiatry trainee seats and institutes in each Indian state and union territory (UT). Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, psychiatry trainee seats and institutes were searched on the official web sites of Medical Council of India and National Board of Examinations. The data available on these web sites until December 2019 were included. State-wise data were compared using proportion and percentages. The psychiatry trainee index (PTI) was calculated and compared across Indian states and UTs. Results Among 221 Indian psychiatry trainee institutes considered in the present study, 116 (52.48%) were private institutes and 105 (47.51%) were government institutes. Overall, more psychiatry trainee seats were reported in government institutes ( n = 565, 65.89%) than in private institutes. National PTI was considered fair (0.06), and based on their PTIs, Indian states and UTs were classified as follows: worst ( n = 9), poor ( n = 8), fair ( n = 9), average ( n = 7), good ( n = 1), and excellent ( n = 2). Conclusion A huge deficit of psychiatry trainees and institutes exists in more than two-thirds of Indian states and UTs, along with a huge maldistribution of seats. PTI and its distribution across the states and UTs are a crucial indicator of the need to improve the access and equity of mental health care.

Economic investigation for building a high-speed rail in developing countries: The case of Egypt

High-speed rail (HSR) is the technology that allows trains to run at a speed up to 350 km/h. This study examines the economic viability of the proposed Cairo-Aswan high-speed line. The framework identifies the prospective costs of the project and its benefits. The evaluation of different types of benefits and costs includes a sequence of analytical procedures by applying a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to include all costs and benefits. The results show that the project has a positive Net Present Value (NPV) up to $10 billion. A sensitivity analysis is performed on operating cost, ticket price, and passenger flow. Thereafter, a model for calculating the number of trains is deduced and converted into a Nomo-graph based on annual passengers, train speed, number of train seats, and line length by linking these factors to each other. To verify the developed model, five cases with different parameters are examined.

EVALUASI KINERJA OPERASIONAL TERMINAL DARA KOTA BIMA

Terminal Dara is the center of community activities in meeting the needs for movement from one place to another with various purposes used by the people of the of Bima City and Regency. Terminal Dara has experienced a decline and an increase in the number of transportation from year to year; this condition makes facilities and operational performance at the Dara Terminal become very important. The purpose of this study is to determine the operational performance and facilities as well as the current area of Dara Terminal facilities. The method used in this study is a direct survey in the field for primary data by recording the bus license plate, time of entry and exit of buses and visitors vehicles at the entrance and exit gate and recording the number of passengers and users of waiting rooms, the number of seats in passenger waiting rooms, and bus station facilities. Data collection is carried out for three days with duration of 13 hours each day.Based on the results of the analysis of the performance that has been carried out, the value for the bus queue analysis ρ = 2.11&gt; 1 indicates that there is a queue of bus services at Dara bus station. The highest value of arrival average time headway is 17 minutes 22 seconds and the departures average time headway is 12 minutes 23 seconds. The highest departure load factor is 81.44% in the ANGDES and the highest load factor is 73.64% in ANGDES too. The parking space requirement for cars and motorbikes of 128 m² can still be served by vehicle parking area in bus station, while the parking area for bus is not able to serve bus which parked in the bus parking area with the value of parking space needs 902.5 m² while the area the current bus parking area is 631.25 m². Based on the results of the performance analysis that has been done, the value obtained for bus queue analysis ρ = 2.11&gt; 1 indicates that there is a queue of bus services in Dara Terminal. The time between the highest average arrivals is 17 minutes 22 seconds and the time between the highest average departures is 12 minutes 23 seconds. The highest departure load factor was 81.44% at ANGDES and the highest arrival load factor was 73.64% at ANGDES as well. The need for parking spaces for private cars and motorbikes of 128 m² can still be served by the terminal private vehicle parking area, while the parking area for buses is not able to serve buses that park in the bus parking area with a value of 902.5 m² of parking space while the area the bus parking area is currently 631.25 m². Based on existing survey results, the bus departure lane and passenger lounge of Terminal Daral need to be renovated, or they can relocate the terminal to a wider area.

Implementing Inclusion: Gender Quotas, Inequality, and Backlash in Kenya

AbstractExtensive research has affirmed the potential of gender quotas to advance women's political inclusion. When Kenya's gender quota took effect after a new constitution was promulgated in 2010, women were elected to the highest number of seats in the country's history. In this article, we investigate how the process of implementing the quota has shaped Kenyan women's power more broadly. Drawing on more than 80 interviews and 24 focus groups with 140 participants, we affirm and refine the literature on quotas by making two conceptual contributions: (1) quota design can inadvertently create new inequalities among women in government, and (2) women's entry into previously male-dominated spaces can be met with patriarchal backlash, amplifying gender oppression. Using the ongoing process of quota implementation in Kenya as a case to theoretically question inclusionary efforts to empower women more generally, our analysis highlights the challenges for implementing women's rights laws and policies and the need for women's rights activists to prioritize a parallel bottom-up process of transforming gendered power relations alongside top-down institutional efforts.

Estimating slim-majority effects in US state legislatures with a regression discontinuity design under local randomization assumptions

AbstractRegression discontinuity design could be a valuable tool for identifying causal effects of a given party holding a legislative majority. However, the variable “number of seats” takes a finite number of values rather than a continuum and, hence, it is not suited as a running variable. Recent econometric advances suggest the necessary assumptions and empirical tests that allow us to interpret small intervals around the cut-off as local randomized experiments. These permit us to bypass the assumption that the running variable must be continuous. Herein, we implement these tests for US state legislatures and propose another: whether a slim-majority of one seat had at least one state-level district result that was itself a close race won by the majority party.

An Efficient Solving Method to Vehicle and Passenger Matching Problem for Sharing Autonomous Vehicle System

With the potential of increasing mobility and reducing cost, shared mobility of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is going to gain solid growth in the coming decade. The major issue for the shared use of AVs is how to project serving routes in an efficiently way. From another perspective, this issue could be understood as to segment maximum number of passengers into groups. Therefore, this paper intends to investigate passengers’ similarity instead of directly matching AVs and passengers. The goal is to determine the minimum number of groups and assign each group with an AV. To this end, a cluster-based algorithm is proposed to classify passengers. Numerical experiments with both small-size and large-size demands are performed to present the validity of the proposed algorithm. Results indicate that the cluster-based algorithm could bring benefit to minimizing the number of vehicles and total travel distance. At last, sensitivity analysis of key parameters shows that vehicle capacity will have little impact when the number of seats exceeds four, and time windows could make continuous influence on gathering passengers.

Can twitter analytics predict election outcome? An insight from 2017 Punjab assembly elections

Since the beginning of this decade, there has seen an exponential growth in number of internet users using social media, especially Twitter for sharing their views on various topics of common interest like sports, products, politics etc. Due to the active participation of large number of people on Twitter, huge amount of data (i.e. big data) is being generated, which can be put to use (after refining) to analyze real world problems. This paper takes into consideration the Twitter data related to the 2017 Punjab (a state of India) assembly elections and applies different social media analytic techniques on collected tweets to extract and unearth hidden but useful information. In addition to this, we have employed machine learning algorithm to perform polarity analysis and have proposed a new seat forecasting method to accurately predict the number of seats that a political party is likely to win in the elections. Our results confirmed that Indian National Congress was likely to emerge winner and that in fact was the outcome, when results got declared.

Measuring the formation of a new government: the case of the Israeli parliament 1949–2016

ABSTRACTWe test three criteria for recording data about the formation of a new government and the allocation of its portfolios using the case of Israel. We then analyse Gamson’s Law and compare our results to the conclusions of four other datasets. With regard to theory, we suggest that studies (1) include cases in which MPs leave the government and take their seats with them, (2) include the number of seats of the support parties in the total number of the government and (3) count portfolios rather than ministers. From the empirical perspective, following these procedures produces different conclusions than previous studies regarding Israel. The formateur’s bonus is substantial and the direct election of the prime minister increased it. Furthermore, large parties hold more portfolios than small parties, and when we exclude support parties from the dataset this tendency increases.

Mixed Member Proportional; Equal Influence and Assembly Size

With the present (2020) tally rules, the number of seats in the Bundestag is highly volatile. In 2017 it got 709 seats, 111 of them extra-ordinary. The tally rules may double the influence of a voter who splits the vote; the proportionality requirement may multiply an unfortunate side effect by a high factor. The paper explains when and how this happens. A ballot’s combination of Erststimme and Zweitstimme is information that now is ignored; the tally is as if Erststimme and Zweitsimme were collected in different ballot boxes. The suggested faithful accounting uses this information. With 2017 data, it is estimated that the number of extra-ordinary seats would have been reduced by about 74, to 37. Tallying 2017 data with present rules and CDU/CSU as one party reduces the size by 42 seats; combined with faithful accounting, the reduction is more than 74.

The Impact of Infrastructure Investments on Income Inequality: Evidence from US States

An in-depth econometric analysis of US state-level data on an annual frequency, from 1976 to 2008, sheds new light on a plausible causal link between infrastructure investments, namely public spending on highways, and income inequality. This causal relationship is drawn out by using the number of seats in the US House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations (HRCA) as an instrument to identify quasi-random variations in state-level spending on highways. An exogenous pattern which emerges when a state gains an additional member to the HRCA is that it is allocated with new federal grants. This increase in federal transfers for infrastructure financing results in slashing of expenditures on highways and a crowding-out effect of federal funding for state investments on highways. Spending cuts on highways produced by a new HRCA member being attained by a state can unwittingly cause income inequality to rise over a short two-year time horizon. Similar challenges with decentralized development to finance infrastructure via federal transfers to state and sub-national governments may be encountered by other industrially advanced, emerging and low-income developing economies. US data over the mentioned period reveal a strong positive correlation with state spending on highways and wages paid for construction jobs. Suggestive evidence indicates that the construction sector also plays an important role in the transmission channel from a rise in state spending on highways to lowering income inequality, albeit during specific intervals, as opposed to on a long-term basis.