Number Of School Children Research Articles

The Telegram-channel as a Means of Developing Cognitive Activity Teenagers

The relevance of the study is due to the need to find new ways to develop the cognitive activity of schoolchildren in the context of the digitalization of all spheres of life of a modern person and the active inclusion of digital services and tools in educational activities. The main research methods are theoretical methods aimed at creating theoretical generalizations that allow us to consider the Telegram channel as a means of developing cognitive activity in adolescents; a survey identifying messengers preferred by schoolchildren, digital resources and devices for obtaining information; psychodiagnostic methods aimed at studying the level of development of cognitive activity in schoolchildren in the subject area “history”; analysis of messengers, which involves the identification of functionality; a formative experiment aimed at developing cognitive activity through the presentation of various types of educational content in the Telegram channel; monitoring the cognitive activity of schoolchildren in history lessons; methods of mathematical and statistical data analysis (T-test, Spearman’s test). The analysis of messengers has made it possible to define Telegram as an accessible digital tool for use in educational activities in order to present educational content to schoolchildren. The structure of the Telegram channel is presented: the selected content is subjected to psychological and methodological analysis. Dynamics has been found in the change in the level of cognitive activity of schoolchildren in the subject area “history” (t = 2,763 at r ≤ 0,01) and self-assessment of cognitive interest (t = 3,574 at r ≤ 0,001) after schoolchildren used educational content posted on the Telegram channel. There has been an increase in interest in learning, a decrease in the number of schoolchildren who are passive during the lesson and are often distracted from educational activities, as well as the activity and independence of adolescents in studying the subject. To make a conclusion it should be outlined that the Telegram channel acts as a learning tool that develops the motivation for cognition, acting as a motivating force for the process of cognition and determining the effectiveness of educational activities, evokes positive emotions in the use of digital tools in training, actualizes the development of new information for the purpose of its practical application and appropriation of new knowledge. Keywords: cognitive activity, digital learning tools, mobile learning, BYOD technology, Telegram channel Acknwledgments.

Physical Fitness, Screen Time and Sleep Habits According to Obesity Levels in Schoolchildren: Findings from the Health Survey of the Extreme South of Chile.

Obesity is a worry because it is associated with a greater burden of disease, and it has been shown to be related to the health habits and physical condition of children and adolescents. Objective: To associate physical fitness, screen time, and sleep habits with the different categories of obesity in schoolchildren from the extreme south of Chile. Methods: 583 schoolchildren were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The screen time and sleep habits were measured with the Sleep Self-Report questionnaire, while the physical fitness was assessed with the Alpha Fitness test battery. The Body Mass Index/age (BMI/age) and the Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHr) were used to define adiposity using the following categories: healthy weight/low-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/LR), healthy weight/high-risk waist-to-height ratio (H/HR), overweight/low-risk waist to height ratio (O/LR), and overweight/high-risk waist to height ratio (O/HR). Results: A considerable number of schoolchildren (23.2%) presented sleep problems, while the mean screen time was 9.3 (95% CI: 8.4; 10.1) hours/day. Schoolchildren classified as H/HR showed better physical fitness than the O/HR group but worse physical fitness than the H/LR group. Conclusions: Significant differences were evidenced in the physical fitness between the adiposity categories, which could open future lines of research concerning the characterization of the healthy weight-obese adiposity categories in children.

Modeling activity-travel behavior under a dynamic discrete choice framework with unobserved heterogeneity

The major challenges in dynamic activity-based models include predicting activity-related choices and understanding inherent heterogeneous preferences. The dynamic discrete choice model (DDCM) has been used for daily activity-travel planning. However, ignoring unobservable heterogeneity can bias the estimation and prediction results. To solve this problem, we propose a DDCM that accounts for unobserved heterogeneity to capture useful hidden information on travelers’ characteristics. The conditional choice probability estimator and expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm are used in conjunction to estimate the dynamic model. The algorithm iteration depends mainly on the mapping relationship between posterior distributions and conditional choice probabilities. Meanwhile, a less complex log-likelihood function is proposed in the maximization step to estimate two types of parameters simultaneously. The proposed techniques are verified using household travel survey data from Chongqing (China). Two unobserved types of travelers, time and cost sensitivity, are identified based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) value. Time- and segment-varying sensitivity analyses are conducted to present choice probability differences of mode and activity scheduling under a one-unit increase in the number of schoolchildren and cars. Different impacts on activity-travel patterns, such as trip frequency, mode share, and activity schedule, generated by changes in auto ownership, are analyzed. Finally, the adjusted rho-squared value, BIC values compared with other single-effect models, and aggregate validation results demonstrate the exceptional performance of the proposed model.

Factors Influencing Household Expenditure of Rice Farmers in Ketawang Village Gondang District Nganjuk Regency

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the household expenditure of rice farmers. The population in this study amounted to 573 farmers. The number of samples is determined by 10% of the population. The samples obtained in this study were 57 and rounded up to 60. The sample was selected by purposive sampling with criteria: farmers who own and cultivate the land. The data processing and analysis method used these tenuous equation 2 SLS with the thing of SPSS. The results showed that the factors that affect the household expenditure of farmers in Ketawang Village are as follows: 1) Food consumption blocks are influenced by disposable income, the number of household members and education investment. 2) Non-food consumption blocks are affected by disposable income, education investment and wife's education. 3) Production investment blocks are influenced by disposable income, education investment and total household consumption. 4) The education investment block is influenced by disposable income and the number of children in school. 5) The health investment block is influenced by disposable income, the number of household members, the wife's age and the husband's age.

Spatial multicriteria decision analysis for Walking School Bus target development strategies

IntroductionAround the world there has been a decline in the mode share of walking to school. This is the result of many factors influencing the mode choice decisions of parents for their own journeys to work and their children's journeys to school. Walking School Bus (WSB) has been proved to be an effective strategy that can be an innovation to promote walking to school and combat the ‘vicious circle’ of chauffeuring children to school. This modal switch can thus be a key for enhancing the sustainability of our transportation system and more importantly the health of our next generation. MethodsThis paper proposes an innovative decision analysis model to identify areas for targeting WSB development. By applying spatial multicriteria decision analysis (SMCDA) to existing aggregate data on both work and school trip mode choices and relevant zonal characteristics, the proposed model can help planners and policy decision makers to identify where investments on setting up/enhancing WSBs might be most effective in enabling modal shift. We apply our SMCDA model to a case study in Bradford, UK. We highlight zones/schools within the study area where WSB programmes can be most effective to help realise the full potential of walking to school in health, environmental and social inclusion terms. ResultsSix zones in Bradford have been identified as the areas with the highest potential for the uptake of WSB schemes. These present characteristics that are favourable conditions for walking but with less than ideal current walking mode shares. They have large numbers of school aged children, lower level of work trips by car and higher parents’ availability. ConclusionsOur SMDCA method for WSB target development is highly transferable and can be applied to other cities in the UK or around the world; providing genuine applied value as an apparatus for supporting, informing and systematising the implementation of potentially successful (in engagement and usage terms) WSB schemes.

Awareness about depressive conditions, methods of their prevention and correction in adolescents

Background. According to WHO, there is an increase of depressive disorders in all age groups. The risk group of depression is adolescents, the risk factor is the low level of knowledge about it. The aim was to study the prevalence of depressive states, the level of literacy about depression among schoolchildren for improving educational programs. Materials and methods. An anonymous voluntary survey was conducted in two stages with an interval of 4 years in the Moscow region among students in grades 8-11 of educational institutions. At the first stage, three hundred twenty-four respondents were interviewed, at the second stage - 251 one. The severity of depression was assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), with the help of the questionnaire the level of depression literacy was studied. Statistical processing was carried out with the calculation of relative risk values, reliability of differences (with a probability degree of more than 0.95) using Microsoft Excel 365. Results. The prevalence of depression in 2014 was 20.4%, in 2018 - 21.1%. During the observation the number of students who believe that nothing should be done in the case of depressive symptoms has significantly decreased, the number of students who are ready to visit a psychologist has significantly increased, the number of schoolchildren who were willing to see a medical doctor and who consider self-treatment possible has not changed. The main source of knowledge remains the Internet, help from the professional community is underused. Discussing mood problems with others and using physical activity turned out to be effective for self-corrected depressive states. Limitations. The study has age (14-17years), regional and educational (students of schools) restrictions. Conclusions. Revealed high prevalence of depressive manifestations among schoolchildren and their insufficient knowledge requires correction of educational programs and regular monitoring of their awareness.

Built environment impact on the per capita cycling frequency of family--Based on two-level hierarchical linear model.

At present, there is less attention paid to the relationship between the frequency of travel and built environment, especially in households. In this paper, some of the determining factors in the frequency of daily cycling per household were explored based on the data from 2018 Daily Trip Survey in Xianyang, China. Then a two-level linear model was construct to identify the determining factors in the frequency of per capita daily cycling of household. According to the research results, 22.8% of the differences in the per capita cycling frequency of household are due to the differences between communities. In terms of community factors, the densities of road networks and educational facilities delivered a significantly positive impact on the per capita daily cycling frequency of family; on the contrary, the densities of medical facilities, intersections and POI delivered a significantly negative impact. Per capita cycling frequency varies considerably between households. For instance, the number of bicycles owned and the number of school-age children have a significantly positive impact on the per capita daily cycling frequency of family. However, car ownership, household income and occupation composition impose a significantly negative impact. The findings of this study would benefit the transportation engineers and planners who are keen to boost the use of active means of transportation for residents.

Impact of home-based online classes on residential buildings’ use of space during the COVID-19 pandemic school closures in Saudi Arabia

PurposeThe recent COVID-19 pandemic compelled people to spend most of their time at home to avoid spreading the virus, signifying staying away from offices, schools and marketplaces and where many people congregate. This situation put enormous pressure on residential buildings, which functioned as alternative spaces to schools and offices. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of home-based online classes because of the COVID-19 outbreak on residential buildings in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected population-representative survey data from 324 eligible respondents using an online questionnaire and conducts descriptive and Spearman's correlation analysis using the SPSS 28.0 program.FindingsThis study found that the use of space during COVID-19, home-based learning space comfort and home-based online learning perception affected home-based online space requirements during the school lockdowns. Higher school levels, learning space comfort levels, types of education and number of school-aged children in a house were correlated with various types of discomfort experienced during home-based online learning. Lastly, the parents' preference for their children to continue online studies was correlated with the adverse effects of online learning and the possible advantages of online learning.Originality/valueLack of studies about the impact of home-based online classes on residential space requirement and use resulted in insufficient investigation and documentation of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on home-based learning environments. This research contributes to the literature on the factors affecting spatial requirement during emergencies and how significant this relationship is.

Modern approaches to optimizing the physical activity of children and adolescents of school age

The importance of physical activity for maintaining and strengthening health, learning success, increasing the number of factors that can affect the motor regime, determine the relevance of research on scientific substantiation of ways to optimize physical activity of schoolchildren. The aim of the work was to study and generalize modern approaches to optimizing physical activity of school-age children and adolescents as a component of a healthy lifestyle. Analysis of the literature data and the results of their own research showed that the level of physical activity of a significant number of schoolchildren remained low. Important approaches to its optimization are to increase children's physical activity during school and free time. Participation of school teachers in this work, increasing their competence in physical activity are important aspects in solving the problem aimed at streamlining the structure and increasing the level of physical activity of children and adolescents, educating motivation to exercise, developing skills of various forms of physical activity and self-control. Conclusions. The problem of optimizing the physical activity of children and adolescents is multifaceted, requires the attention and cooperation of specialists of different profiles and parents. The main directions of its solution include: formation of motivation to observe of mode of physical activity in children of different age groups; creation of organizational and pedagogical conditions for optimizing the physical activity of children and adolescents during school and free time; monitoring of physical activity of schoolchildren, in particular, in the context of health monitoring. An important place in solving the problem is to increase the competence in physical activity of children and adolescents of teachers of general secondary education.

Procena nastave na daljinu na TV-u od strane roditelja u toku pandemije izazvane virusom kovid 19

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conditions in the state of emergency had forced the bigger part of school lessons in primary schools and high schools to be broadcasted on the public media services RTS 2 and RTS 3, as well as on the Internet platform RTS Planeta. In that sense, parents had a big role and responsibility in educating their children. In this paper, we present the results of the study concerning primary school parents' (mostly mothers) perception of the TV teaching, which is a part of a broader research on distance learning. According to the general goal (to determine in what way parents perceived different aspects and the quality of TV learning), the following tasks are set: 1) to asks parents' opinion on the quality of TV learning within: the exact schedule of classes, the pace of presenting educational contents, estimating the level of parents' ease of keeping up and estimating the need to reconcile home responsibilities with distance learning, and 2) to determine the differences in the parents' perception of various aspects of the quality of TV learning (dependent variables), with respect to the following independent variables: place of residence of the parents, degree of education, employment status during a state of emergency and the number of school-age children in the family. The research was conducted on the sample of 554 parents from Serbia. A newly constructed online questionnaire for the purpose of this research was used. The quality of TV teaching was assessed through nine items. The results showed that parents equally perceive the advantages and disadvantages of TV learning. They single out the existence of an appropriate schedule and the pace of broadcasting TV content within the curriculum as the most positive sides, which implies that, even if they weren't prepared, they had already developed certain competencies for keeping up and participating in this model of learning. The parents' perceptions differ according to the place of living, degree of education, employment status during the state of emergency, as well as the number of school-age children in the family. The results of this research have shown that special support for parents and children who originate from suburban and rural areas is needed, as well as for parents of a lower education level, parents who are employed and working during a state of emergency, whether they go to work or work from home, and finally, the parents who have a larger number of children in the family. The assessment of the quality of TV learning by parents is conditioned by a number of factors which originate from their social environment as well as educational and professional context. The research findings provided guidelines for further improvement in teaching practices in emergency conditions and gave a preliminary image of the parent's perception on TV teaching.

COACHING APPROACHES IN MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT FOR YOUTH: TUTORING, MENTORING AND ADVISEING

The article analyzes additional challenges facing Ukrainian youth in the context of the pandemic and full-scale: a sense of tension and anxiety, a critical lack of "live" communication, permanent stress, the unsuitability of the school curriculum to online learning and the need to revise it, and considers the ability of existing technologies of socio-pedagogical support to promptly and qualitatively respond to them. The author argues in favor of finding new technologies of socio-pedagogical support, which would meet the requirements stated in the "New Ukrainian School" concept regarding the construction of an individual educational trajectory, education based on values and realization of individual abilities and inclinations of each child. Modern mentoring tools are considered as an alternative to classroom management and supervision: tutoring and/or mentoring support technologies, as well as the advising institute developed at Creative International School for Children. It is noted that thanks to the introduction of the author's technology of tutor support for the social development of schoolchildren, a reduction in the number of children with an initial level of social development was achieved, a significant increase in the number of children with a moderate level of social development in the experimental group, a reduction in the number of children with a high index of general aggressiveness and a tendency to open aggression. Instead, the number of schoolchildren with a high level of formation of the ability to process social information, to social interaction in a group of peers, to social reflection has increased. The result of the success of the mentoring technology implemented in the Ukrainian Academy of Leadership is the correspondence between the values formed in students during their studies and their behavior. It is noted that the commonality of the three technologies of socio-pedagogical support described above lies in their application of coaching approaches and tools. In particular, each of the technologies places special emphasis on goal-setting and goal-setting, as well as motivational support of the student of education as a client of socio-pedagogical support.

Assessing equal rights in obtaining urban public primary school services with case studies of Hangzhou in China

Obtaining equal urban public services is essential to social fairness. This paper presents and assesses the equal distribution of urban public service facilities in China by examining 177 public primary schools in downtown Hangzhou. First, we collect data on the spatial distribution, population access to services, and student enrolments from the case schools. Second, we build spatial and social equity models to assess the rate of present facilities' equity. This paper assesses spatial equity with factors such as school ranking, enrolments per thousand residents, and home-to-school distance by using the index's scoring method. The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used for social equity evaluation, in which household registration, housing, and the number of school-age children per family reflect the education demand features, and the enrolments present the supply-side features. The findings show that the spatial distribution of the public primary schools in Hangzhou varies significantly from the centre to the periphery. In other words, accessibility decreases from the centre to the periphery direction. In terms of social equity, most citizens have access to low-quality education resources, while only a few citizens can enjoy high-quality education. Equal access to public primary schools faced three problems. First, there was insufficient investment by the local government, particularly in compulsory education. Second, there are variations in education investment among different administrative units in a district and historical inertia. For the sake of a fair distribution of public primary school services, it is essential to increase investment in compulsory education, upscale the enrolment of primary and middle schools, and boost teachers' competencies. Furthermore, to improve social equity, faculty exchange programs between non-key schools and top key schools should be launched.

Impelementasi dan Pengaruh Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) Pada Tingkat Pendidikan dan Kesehatan Keluarga Sangat Miskin

Rapid population development can cause many complex problems that occur in society, including poverty. Various efforts have been made by the government to overcome the problem of poverty, one of the efforts made by the government is to issue a Family Hope Program (PKH) for very poor households (RTSM). This study aims to determine the implementation and influence of the family of hope program on the level of education and health in Mandalasari Village. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative primary data and data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. Results Based on the research, it shows that the influence of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Mandalasari Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung has a greater influence on the level of education than the level of health. Among other things, the amount of PKH, consumption expenditure, and the number of school children have a partial effect on education. And, there is only one that has a partial effect, namely the number of sick days on health. The processed results show that the variables used have a simultaneous effect on education and health. It is hoped that through this research the government and the public can understand more about education and health for the poor which will ultimately break the chain of poverty in the long term.

Bulling and Cyberbullying: Problem of the Modern Teenager

Background. Russia is one of the top ten European countries with high level of bullying and ranks second in cyberbullying among adolescents. Involvement in bullying and virtual aggression has immediate and long-term consequences for all parties to the conflict, including witnesses. Immediate consequences can be manifested as violation in adaptation and socialization of children and adolescents; long-term consequences can be mental disorders in emotionally labile schoolchildren. School bullying is always distinguished by its cruelty and intransigence.Objective. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying among boys and girls aged 11, 13 and 15 years studying in educational organizations in Yekaterinburg and to create the complex of preventive guidelines.Methods. Sociological cross-sectional study was carried out using the questionnaire with questions from the international questionnaire Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC). Analysis of the results was carried out for different age and gender groups, the results of comparative analysis with the data of the international HBSC study are also presented.Results. The main characteristics of bullying are presented: prevalence, age and social features. High involvement of adolescents in bullying (11.7%) and cyberbullying (18.2%) was revealed. The ratio of adolescents who have repeatedly been the victims of physical, psychological and virtual aggression was significantly higher (21.7 and 31.8%, respectively). Boys are more likely to be aggressors and victims of abusive behaviour (physical and psychological aggression) than girls. Moreover, number of schoolchildren who became victims of bullying decreases with age, this indicator is more significant among boys, while the number of cyberbullying victims increases among older adolescents.Conclusion. The high prevalence of bullying in adolescents has negative impact on both, victims and aggressors. Bullying affects the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, leads to psychological and social maladaptation, as well as the development of sustainable models of problematic and most often aggressive behavior. Educational organizations have to become the basis for implementation of future programs on bullying and cyberbullying prevention. They should not only provide safe environment but also help children to establish open and friendly relationship with peers and adults and to clearly understand their actions and their consequences.

Features of atopic reactivity in children with bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction with clinical manifestations of recurrent wheezing episodes, airway inflammation, and their hyperreactivity. Timely diagnosis of bronchial asthma in early childhood will allow adequate prescribing therapy and controlled management of patients, which in the future will reduce the risk of serious complications and improve the quality of life of patients.The aim of the study – to identify the influencing factors on the manifestations of atopic reactivity in children with bronchial asthma, depending on the content of IgE specific to house dust antigens in the blood serum, in order to optimize the management of the disease.Material and methods. A comprehensive clinical and paraclinical examination of 79 school-age children with atopic bronchial asthma was carried out in the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital and the City Children's Polyclinic in Chernivtsi. According to the concentration of specific IgE to the house dust allergen, the patients were divided into two clinical groups. The first (I) clinical group included 55 children in whom the concentration of these antibodies in the blood exceeded 3.5 kU / l, the second group (II) consisted of 24 patients in which the level of specific IgE was below this value. According to the main clinical signs, the comparison groups were compared.Results. It was found that the proportion of patients in the first group who had contact with tobacco smoking of their parents was higher than in the comparison group. Constant contact with tobacco smoke, when both parents have this bad habit in the family, increases the likelihood of developing hypersensitivity to house dust in children with asthma by almost 9 times. At the same time, bronchial asthma was more often combined with atopic dermatitis in these patients, while low concentration of specific IgE to house dust was associated with comorbidity of asthma with allergic rhinitis. The risk of moderate to severe bronchial asthma in patients with low IgE levels increases significantly. The probability of developing the phenotypes of late-onset asthma and exercise-induced asthma in children with low concentrations of specific IgE to house dust increases by 3 and 2 times, respectively. The number of schoolchildren with an extremely high concentration of IgE (more than 100 kU/l) to D. Pteronyssinus antigens was twice as high as in the comparison group, and every second patient also had very high levels of antibodies to D. Farinae tick.Conclusion. Children with atopic hypersensitivity to house dust allergens have an increased chance of comorbid bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis, late-onset asthma and physical exertion, asthma is much more severe, which must be taken into account when personalizing specific therapy.

Perancangan Aplikasi Smart Zonasi Berbasis Location Based Service (LBS) SMAN di Kota Depok

The principle of the zoning system, which regulates regional zones for prospective students, is to bring the student's domicile closer to the school, where zoning is determined at every level by the Regional Government following its authority. In implementing zoning, it is important to pay attention to the amount of available capacity according to the availability of the number of school-age children at each level in the area. Depok City has 13 public high schools spread over 11 sub-districts that can accommodate 3,858 junior high school graduates. This became disproportionate to the number of outputs or junior high school graduates who were more than the available capacity. Based on the use of LBS technology, it was hoped that it would be easier to obtain information on the distance from the user's domicile to the destination school, where in the Depok there are 13 State Senior High Schools that are the reference. In designing the Location Based Services (LBS) application, SMAN Depok City used case diagrams, navigation structure designs, storyboards and database designs. The page design and database design results were expected to be used as a guide for programmers in making applications.

Increased number of electrocardiogram findings requiring additional cardiac examination in young athletes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a case series.

We aimed to compare the results of electrocardiogram (ECG) examinations in young athletes from 2017 to 2020, which includes a period during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with special attention to T-wave inversion that might be a sign of myocarditis. This was a retrospective observational study. We reviewed data of ECG examinations among 640 young athletes aged 10 to 14 years (160 in each year from 2017–2020). The setting was Novi Sad Sports Medicine Center in Serbia. We hypothesized that most young athletes with changes on ECG had asymptomatic COVID-19. In the group from 2020, there were significantly more ECG findings requiring additional cardiac examination, according to modern sports cardiology, compared with previous years. We describe one case of documented asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and with T-wave inversion in V4 and V5. The number of schoolchildren with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection might be high because most classes in Novi Sad were conducted face-to-face during 2020. Because a serious risk of myocarditis exists in young athletes, especially in relation to COVID-19 infection, a careful sports preparticipation examination is important to identify athletes possibly requiring additional testing and medical care prior to a return to sports.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ КОГНИТИВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ СТАРШЕГО ШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ОБУСЛОВЛЕННАЯ ТИПОМ МЕЖПОЛУШАРНОЙ АСИММЕТРИИ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА

Objective : Set functional peculiarities of the organization of cognitive activity of the high-school students caused by the type of interhemispheric asymmetry of the brains. Methods : Comparative analysis of central nervous system was conducted among 250 students (9–11 grades) using variational chronoreflexometry, computer test “Landolt ring” and intelligence test. Results : Teenagers having left hemisphere type of functional brain asymmetry prevailed (56%). The number of schoolchildren with the domination of right hemisphere didn’t exceed 40.4%. Equi-hemispheric students made 3.6%. Higher level of functional mobility of the nervous system was detected among children having left hemisphere type of functional brain asymmetry. It defined the optimal level of cognitive performance. Conclusions : Low level of the development of cognitive functions’ dynamics among students having right hemisphere domination determines the necessity of training games usage for the purposes of the development and improvement of the cognitive abilities defining the level of academic performance of the students.

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Optimization of general education networks structure in rural areas of the Russian Federation and the Samara Region from the late 1990s to 2020

This paper discusses the optimization of rural educational networks structure in the Samara Region and Russia from the late 1990s to 2020. Documents of the federal level that contributed to the development of the countrys educational system, including the development of a general education network in the countryside, are presented. The dynamics of changes in the number of general educational organizations in the country in comparison with the number of schoolchildren for the period from 1995/1996 academic year to 2019/2020 academic year is given. The author compares approaches to the optimization of rural general education network structure used in the experiment on restructuring the network of general educational institutions located in rural areas which was conducted in the 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 academic years and during the implementation of complex projects for education modernization by the Russian regions in 20072009. On the example of the Samara Region, differences and similar moments of rural general education network structure optimization in this region with all-Russian trends are considered. The basic regional principles of optimization are revealed. Models of changes in the structural elements of the general education network of the Samara Region in comparison with the models used in the framework of the experiment on restructuring the network of rural schools are presented.