Number Of Radiation Exposure Research Articles

The Application of Ultrasonography–Computed Tomography Fusion Navigation Technology in Complex Bone Tumor Biopsy: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the clinical application value of ultrasound-CT fusion navigation technology in bone tumor biopsy surgery. MethodsA total of thirty patients with bone tumors requiring biopsy surgery were randomly assigned to either the U-C group (ultrasound-CT group, n=15) or the control group (n=15). The U-C group utilized ultrasound-CT fusion navigation technology for real-time localization of the biopsy needle, while the control group relied on intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy for localization. The success rate of the surgeries, the number of radiation exposures during the procedure, surgical time, and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. ResultsNumber of intraoperative radiation exposure in the U-C group was 2 versus 7 in the control group (P<0.05), showing significant differences between the 2 groups. The success rate of biopsies in the U-C group and control group was 100%(P＞0.05), the mean operative time was 45±9min versus 42±13min (P＞0.05), and intraoperative bleeding volume was 10±4ml versus 11±5ml(P＞0.05), all showing no significant differences between the 2 groups. ConclusionThe real-time localization of the biopsy needle in bone tumor biopsy surgery using ultrasound-CT fusion navigation technology can significantly reduce intraoperative radiation exposure for both patients and surgeons during the procedure. Consequently, this technique holds certain clinical applicability.

Clinical application of 3D printing-assisted patient-specific instrument osteotomy guide in stiff clubfoot: preliminary findings

BackgroundThe orthopedic treatment of the stiff clubfoot is challenging for clinicians, and the purpose of this study was to explore the preliminary findings of 3D printing-assisted patient-specific instrument (PSI) osteotomy guide for use in the orthopedic treatment of the stiff clubfoot.Material and methodsThere were 20 patients (25 feet) with stiff clubfoot admitted from December 2018 to June 2022, including 13 males (16 feet) and 7 females (9 feet), aged 24–52 years, mean 40.15 years; 8 left feet, 7 right feet, 5 bipedal. All patients underwent triple arthrodesis and were divided into 10 cases (12 feet) in the PSI group (n = 12) and 10 cases (13 feet) in the conventional surgery group (n = 13) according to the surgical approach. The duration of surgery and the number of radiation exposures were recorded in all cases, and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), and International Congenital Clubfoot Study Group (ICFSG) scoring systems were applied postoperatively to assess the effect of corrective treatment. All measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and differences between groups were determined by Student’s t test. All count data between the two groups were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test analysis.ResultsAll 20 patients (25 feet) were followed up for 1 year. No major complications related to osteotomy, such as overcorrection, incomplete correction, or bone nonunion, were observed in the PSI and conventional surgery groups at the final follow-up, and the PSI group had the advantage of shorter operative time (P < 0.01), less radiation exposure (P < 0.01), and higher excellent rate compared with the conventional surgery group. The AOFAS score (P > 0.05) and ICFSG score (P > 0.05) at the last follow-up were not statistically significant in both groups, but the excellent rate at the last follow-up was 91.7% in the PSI group which was significantly higher than that of the conventional surgery group at 76.9%.ConclusionsThe utilization of 3D printing-assisted PSI osteotomy guide in orthopedic surgery for stiff clubfoot offers a safe and effective surgical tool for triple joint fusion treatment. This technology simplifies surgical procedures, minimizes intraoperative radiation exposures, reduces surgical time, and enables precise and personalized treatment.

Performance of Tönnis triple osteotomy in older children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) assisted by a 3D printing navigation template

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to investigate the preparation of a navigation template via a computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing (3DP) in order to improve the effectiveness of Tönnis triple osteotomy in older children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).MethodThirty-eight older children who received Tönnis triple osteotomy were included in this study. Among them, 20 were categorized as the 3DP navigation template group (3DP group), and the remaining 18 were categorized as the conventional surgery group (CS group). Data, including preoperative and postoperative pelvic sharp angle (SA), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), acetabular roof angle (ARA), acetabular head index (AHI), crossover sign (COS), ischial spine sign (ISS), operation time (OT), intraoperative blood loss (IBL), and number of radiation exposures (NORE) were recorded for both groups. In addition, the therapeutic effect was evaluated at the last follow-up, according to the McKay criteria and Severin’s criteria.ResultsIn the 3DP and CS groups, the mean OT was 126.6 ± 17.6 min and 156.0 ± 18.6 min, respectively; the mean IBL was 115.0 ± 16.9 ml and 135.7 ± 26.5 ml, respectively; the NORE were 3.3 ± 0.8 times and 8.6 ± 1.3 times, respectively. There were significant differences in the OT, IBL, and NORE between the two groups (P = 0.03, 0.05, < 0.001, respectively). At the last follow-up, the 3DP and CS groups displayed SA of 41.8 ± 2.3° and 42.6 ± 3.1°, respectively; LCEA of 35.6 ± 4.2° and 37.1 ± 2.8°, respectively; ARA of 6.9 ± 1.8° and 9.8 ± 2.6°, respectively; and AHI of 86.6 ± 4.1% and 84.3 ± 2.8%, respectively; COS(+) of 5 hips and 4 hips, respectively; ISS(+) of 6 hips and 7 hips. We observed no statistical differences in the SA, LCEA, ARA, AHI, COS and ISS between the two groups (P = 0.918, 0.846, 0.643, 0.891, 0.841, 0.564, respectively). According to the McKay criteria, the 3DP group had 10 excellent, 6 good, and 4 general hips, whereas, the CS group had 12 excellent, 4 good, and 2 general hip. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (P = 0.698). In 3DP group the postoperative Severin’s grading included 13 hips in grade I, 4 in grade II, 3 in grade III. Alternately, in the CS group, the postoperative Severin’s grading included 11 hips in grade I, 5 in grade II, 2 in grade III. The Severin ‘s criteria also showed no statistical difference between the two groups (P = 0.945).ConclusionsBase on our analysis, our CAD-3DP-fabricated navigation template assisted Tönnis triple osteotomy in older DDH children, it reduced operation time and number of radiation exposures. However, no significant differences in radiological assessment and functional outcomes were observed when an experienced surgeon performs the surgery. Therefore, Surgeons who have less experience in triple osteotomy profit more from the application of this technology.

Identification of the need for unmanned radiation monitoring facilities in the radiation monitoring of research reactors in Indonesia

The facility’s licensee conducts environmental radiation monitoring in nuclear facilities to monitor radiation exposure in the facility’s vicinity. This activity is carried out also to monitor radiation release as a result of nuclear reactor operation. Aside from that, monitoring also works as a device to monitor radioactive release in a nuclear emergency. Therefore, the radiation monitoring system is crucial in nuclear utilization facilities to determine the number of radiation exposure to the surrounding environment. However, the existing stationary monitoring system has a risk of being unable to work if the system is down in case of natural disaster occurs. One way to mitigate this risk is to deploy an unmanned radiation monitoring system to monitor radiation exposure without putting personnel at risk. To define a suitable unmanned radiation monitoring system, identification of facilities and infrastructure required to design an unmanned radiation monitoring system for a research reactor in Indonesia is carried out. Facilities and infrastructure needed for unmanned radiation monitoring systems are unmanned aerial vehicles, radiation detector, control and communication module, navigation system, and software for the control system. These required facilities and infrastructure are then specified to determine the necessary specification for monitoring research reactor in Indonesia. The facilities’ required specifications are unmanned aerial vehicles with rotary-wing type, CdZnTe Detector, and GPS/GLONASS based navigation system. For infrastructure specification, control and communication module and software for the control system is not specified in how the system could meet the expected required performance rather than in detail. However, the system must provide and process measurement data in real-time to be presented in a radiation heatmap. Keywords: Identification, Radiation Monitoring, Unmanned

Current situation and prospects of percutaneous vertebroplasty

Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty play an increasingly important role in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, but complications such as intraoperative cement leakage can not be ignored. At the same time, a large number of radiation exposure during surgery has become an important factor restricting the development of vertebroplasty. This paper analyzes the current situation and future prospects of the above two issues. For the leakage of bone cement, finding a substitute for bone cement is a hot spot of current research. The application of unilateral vertebroplasty and surgical robots will be the key to solve the problem of radiation exposure. Key words: Vertebroplasty; Cement leakage; Radiation exposure

A comparative evaluation of results of proximal femur nail and dynamic hip screw fixation for intertrochanteric femur fractures

Incidence of intertrochanteric femur fractures has increased significantly during the recent decades, due to the change in the demographic profile of Indian population. Conservative management of these fractures has shown higher mortality and morbidity and has largely been abandoned. Rigid Internal fixation and early mobilization is the standard method of treatment. Objective: To verify the advantages and disadvantages of the proximal femur nail over the dynamic hip screw device and also their effect on the eventual functional outcome of the patient. Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective comparative analytical study of 30 cases of intertrochanteric femur fractures admitted in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur from January 2011 to November 2014. 15 cases were treated by PFN and 15 by DHS. Patients were followed up at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The results were compared for functional outcome by modified Harris Hip Score. Results: In our study of 30 patients, there were 4 female and 26 male. Minimum age was 24 years, maximum 70 years with mean age of 46.1 years. Most of the cases sustained fracture by trivial trauma. 60% of the fractures were unstable. More duration of surgery, more blood loss, more number of radiation exposure, more chances of infection was seen with PFN, whereas more screw backout, more chances of varus & valgus non-union was seen with DHS. Conclusion: PFN had better functional outcome in patients with especially unstable fractures and DHS had better functional outcome among the stable fractures.

A reaction-diffusion model for radiation-induced bystander effects.

We develop and analyze a reaction-diffusion model to investigate the dynamics of the lifespan of a bystander signal emitted when cells are exposed to radiation. Experimental studies by Mothersill and Seymour 1997, using malignant epithelial cell lines, found that an emitted bystander signal can still cause bystander effects in cells even 60h after its emission. Several other experiments have also shown that the signal can persist for months and even years. Also, bystander effects have been hypothesized as one of the factors responsible for the phenomenon of low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity and increased radioresistance (HRS/IRR). Here, we confirm this hypothesis with a mathematical model, which we fit to Joiner's data on HRS/IRR in a T98G glioma cell line. Furthermore, we use phase plane analysis to understand the full dynamics of the signal's lifespan. We find that both single and multiple radiation exposure can lead to bystander signals that either persist temporarily or permanently. We also found that, in an heterogeneous environment, the size of the domain exposed to radiation and the number of radiation exposures can determine whether a signal will persist temporarily or permanently. Finally, we use sensitivity analysis to identify those cell parameters that affect the signal's lifespan and the signal-induced cell death the most.

Is Prone Position Ideal for Manipulation and Pinning of Displaced Pediatric Extension-type Supracondylar Fractures of Humerus? A Randomized Control Trial.

Closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is the standard of care for displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus in children. Although it is routinely performed in supine position, some authors recommend prone position to be advantageous as it aids in gravity reduction and avoids elbow hyperflexion. This study was conducted to compare the ease of manipulation and pinning, clinical, and radiologic outcomes in supine versus prone position. Fifty-two children with acute, grade III supracondylar humerus fractures without vascular injury were included in the study. They were grouped into prone (n=26) and supine (n=26) based on computer-generated block randomization. The duration of procedure, number of radiation exposures, attempts at closed reduction, and attempts at placing the pins were analyzed. Functional and radiologic outcomes were assessed for a minimum follow-up of 1 year. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the duration of procedure (P=0.422), number of radiation exposure (P=0.470), attempts at closed reduction (P=0.904), and attempts for pinning (P=0.745) and the final clinical and radiologic outcomes. One patient in prone group had cubitus varus of 8 degrees. Functionally, 2 in the supine group and 3 in prone group had poor outcomes. There is no significant difference in the ease of reduction and pinning between supine and prone positions. Grossly displaced fractures with skin puckering are difficult to manipulate in prone position. Supine position is ideal for closed reduction and pinning of all patterns of type III supracondylar fractures.

이동형 치과 X선 발생장치 사용실태와 위험지각

본 연구는 치과위생사의 이동형 X선 발생장치 관련 업무 특성과 위험지각 수준을 분석하기 위하여 2014년 7월 7일부터 31일까지 이동형 치과 X선 발생장치를 이용하여 촬영을 시행하는 수도권 지역 치과병의원 치과위생사를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 이동형 X선 촬영기만 보유한 치과병의원은 25.2%로 이동형 X선 발생장치 1일 10회 이상 촬영이 42.4%였으며, 75.2%는 이동이 어려운 환자, 24.8%는 모든 환자에게 적용하였고, 납 방어복은 환자의 62.6%, 술자의 81.3%가 전혀 착용하지 않았으며, 방사선 안전관리교육 경험률은 59.5%였다. 대상자의 평균 위험자각수준은 3.08점이었다. 위험자각수준은 업무경력 5년 이상 군에 비해 3~4년 미만 군은 66%, 2년 미만 군은 61% 낮았고, 방사선 촬영횟수 5회 미만군은 10회 이상 군보다 72% 낮았으며, 이동형 X선 발생장치만 보유한 군이 고정형 촬영기를 함께 보유한 군보다 3.08배 높은 위험자각수준을 나타냈다. 방사선 업무가 지속될수록 누적선량이 높아지게 되므로 방사선 노출을 최소화하고, 합리적으로 방어하는 노력이 절대적으로 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The aim of this study was to analyze perception of risk and using status of hand-held dental x-ray unit among dental hygienists in metropolitan area. This research was based on perception of risk and using status of hand-held dental x-ray unit survey in 257 dental hygienists from July 7 to 31, 2014. Data were analyzed with t-test, one way ANOVA, and multivariable logistic regression analysis using SPSS Windows 21.0 program and significance level was set at p<0.05. The hand-held dental x-ray unit to cover all type patients was 24.8%. The 62.6% of patients and 81.3% of operator doesn't wear lead apron, the experience rate of radiation education was 40.1%. The average of risk perception was 3.08 points. The associated factors of risk perception were career, number of radiation exposure per day, and possession of fixed x-ray unit. The increased of accumulated dose when the occupationally exposed work continues, it is necessary to effort of defense against dental radiation.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte decrease and micronucleus yields during radiotherapy

. Purpose : To investigate the relationship between lymphocyte decrease and cytogenetic response in individual patients undergoing radiotherapy. Materials and methods : Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 35 patients with pelvic and from 14 with head and neck tumours before and during radiotherapy were PHA-stimulated in vitro and the cultures prepared for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. For some patients only, the micronucleus test was carried out after 2 Gy in vitro X-irradiation, and 3-aminobenzamide (2 mm) was used to calculate the 3AB-index. Results: The initially observed individual variation in the decrease of lymphocytes disappeared with increasing number of radiation exposures, reaching a stable level at about 500/ mu l lymphocytes in the blood. The slope of the relationship between the reciprocal of the lymphocyte decrease ratio and equivalent dose indicates the radiosensitivity of the lymphocyte pool in individual patients. The micronucleus test performed on lymphocytes obtained from patients during radiotherapy (in vivo) provided a lower cytogenetic response than the in vitro micronucleus yield for the same dose, so it was possible to calculate the cytogenetic recovery factor k. A correlation was found between the 3AB-index calculated before radiotherapy, and the recovery factor k. Conclusions: The 3AB-index, the micronucleus frequency after 2 Gy in vitro X-irradiation, and the cytogenetic recovery factor are proposed as predictive of individual response to radiotherapy.