Number Of Preconditions Research Articles

Almost Ricci–Bourguignon Solitons on Doubly Warped Product Manifolds

This study aims at examining the effects of an almost Ricci–Bourguignon soliton structure on the base and fiber factor manifolds of a doubly warped product manifold. First, a number of preconditions and sufficiency criteria for an almost Ricci–Bourguignon soliton doubly warped product are addressed. Additionally, an almost Ricci–Bourguignon soliton on doubly warped product manifolds admitting a conformal vector field is taken into consideration. Finally, how the almost Ricci–Bourguignon soliton behaves in doubly warped product space–times is examined.

The content of an operational experiment: Basic elements and performance qualities

This article examines the content of the type of operational experiment defined in Article 15(3) of the Operational Activities Law (OAL) (hereinafter referred to in the article about operational experiments in the meaning of Article 15(3) of the OAL as operational experiment). The aim of the study is to analyse the performance of an operational experiment, define basic elements that form the structure of the measure and study the performance (element) qualities of the measure which must exist in order for it to be performed successfully. To achieve the aim, research methods – analysis, modelling and deduction – were used. The study concluded that the operational experiment consists of three basic elements: the subject of the operational activity (hereinafter referred to as “the institution”), the person against whom the measure is performed (hereinafter referred to as “the subject”) and communication. If one of these is absent, the measure does not exist as such. The central subject of the study is the communication that takes place between the operator of the measure chosen by the institution and the subject during the operational experiment. To enable communication, a number of preconditions must be met when performing the operational experiment, which are clarified, investigated and defined in the conclusion of the paper.

Konstruksi Penataan Daerah dan Model Pembagian Urusan Pemerintahan

Regional arrangement and distribution model of governmental affairs. The purpose of this research is to provide clarity regarding the legal interpretation of the formulation of norms in regional government laws. Research methods The research method uses normative research through a conceptual approach and a statue approach. The results showed that the development of decentralization into a state administration system had an impact on local government institutions, one of which was the distribution pattern of government affairs. Thus, comparing the distribution of functions is not possible without the overall decentralized institutional framework developed by a country. From this, a comprehensive framework of decentralization institutions and local government is needed. It also does not rule out the possibility for a region to propose governmental affairs that become its specialty, both on a provincial and regional scale. The concept of division of functions is carried out dynamically, where regions can carry out real government affairs (needed and in accordance with regional capacities). It should be possible for districts / cities to propose governmental affairs that are needed or not needed; who can or cannot be arrested. Decentralization can only work if it is based on a number of preconditions, namely a capable and effective central government. Therefore, it is necessary to review various regulations that are not in line with the principle of broadest autonomy.

Genealogía del populismo: crisis orgánicas como condición de posibilidad del populismo de izquierdas

El populismo no parece un fenómeno monolítico. Las circunstancias en que deja de tener representación marginal y alcanza un poder considerable varían en función de ciertas condiciones previas. Y, dado que surge fruto de realidades diferentes en sociedades distintas, también la materialización de este fenómeno adoptará carices ideológicos opuestos. Así, este estudio sostiene que el triunfo del populismo de izquierdas viene precedido de una crisis orgánica. Tomando como objeto de estudio los populismos de Chávez y Tsipras, se sugiere que ambos llegaron al poder cabalgando sobre una población empobrecida; la recesión económica minaría las bases del orden democrático, fomentando el rechazo popular hacia las instituciones responsables del descalabro y liquidando el orden de legitimidades establecido. La crisis orgánica se tornaría inminente: el deseo de refundar un orden decrépito inunda la sociedad y el populismo de izquierdas aparece para arengar al pueblo contra el no pueblo y capitalizar electoralmente la situación.

Wojna sprawiedliwa a nie święta. Średniowieczne koncepcje konfliktów zbrojnych

A just war, not a holy war: medieval concepts of armed conflictThe aim of the article is to point out that medieval thinkers, when referring to holy wars or just righteous wars, did not seek to justify armed conflicts. The authors hereof claim that the activities of philosophers of the Middle Ages were aimed at restricting armed conflicts and focused on making the hostilities more humanitarian. Therefore, a “just war” was a war guarded by a number of preconditions which constituted a mandatory condition. The idea of a just war was rooted in the biblical tradition mainly in the New Testament and in the ancient legal thought. The medieval concept of war affected, among other things, the formation of the knight’s ethos and habits of war.

Operation “Market Garden”, nonlinearity, and Clausewitzian simplicity

The case study examined the WWII operation “Market Garden” from the perspective of Clausewitzian simplicity, a general principle implied in von Clausewitz’s “On War,” suggesting that the disruptive impact of nonlinearity, friction and unpredictability can be counteracted by reducing necessary preconditions for success. It was demonstrated that estimates of ex post likelihoods of success, calculated from the relative achievement of objectives in various parts of the operational area, corresponded inversely to the number of preconditions known ex ante, which supports the notion that Clausewitzian simplicity facilitates realistic assessment of the probability of operational success.

ЗАГАЛЬНОТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ ВИМІР НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТА ПУБЛІЧНОГО АДМІНІСТРУВАННЯ

The article emphasizes that the issues of ensuring national security in Ukraine became relevant only in the conditions of a real threat to national sovereignty, although a number of preconditions took place in advance.The preconditions for the formation of the national concept of security administration and the formulation on this basis of scientifically sound proposals for further intelligence in the field of organization of public administration in the field of national security of Ukraine are determined. The phenomenon of “security” is considered as a complex multilevel and structured social phenomenon. It is emphasized that within the national concept, “security” should stand out as a kind of characteristic and a necessary prerequisite for the vital activity, progressive development and viability of real-world objects.A number of works devoted to the conceptual, organizational, legal and institutional principles of development and implementation of state national security policy, as well as the organization of democratic civilian control over the activities of the security sector are analyzed.It is stated that the disclosure of the meaning of “security” in the strategic documents of the modern Ukrainian state occurs through the description of “threats” to such “security”, which, in turn, is a manifestation of security administration technologies based on threats. Remarks on the expediency of transition to other technologies, including the ability-based administration were made. Taking into account the current challenges, some models of changes in the national security system are considered.It is concluded that the modern understanding of the essence of national security should include a broad understanding of the category of “security” and ways to address issues related to its provision. It is emphasized that the methodology of solving security issues on the basis of basic values and own capabilities of the security and defense sector should become the basis for the formation and construction of national security policy of Ukraine, as well as the subject of further research in security administration technologies.

DECENTRALIZATION: THE MAIN THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONCEPT

The article defines and analyses the theoretical aspects of decentralization as a component of a democratic model of governance; summaries ge neral approaches to decentralization of power as an important component of democratic reforms in Ukraine; analyses the legislative basis for reform conduction; pointes to the problems of decentralization in Ukraine and proposes solutions for the improvement of democratic reforms; it is determined that the introduction of decentralization processes will contribute to the further development of democracy in the state and the stabilization of the social and economic situation. It is noted that decentralization is to provide local authorities with the maximum amount of authority and budget revenues that will become a solid foundation for the stable development of the joint territorial communities, will increase the responsibility of local self-government bodies for fulfilling their commitments on community development and ensure compliance with legislative documents. It is grounded that the process of decentralization of government bodies is a push which is possible with certain quantitative changes in society, the result of the transformation of state power, division of powers, democratization of society, provision of the population of new political rights and freedoms. It has been proved that today a considerable number of preconditions have emerged in the socio-economic, political, and cultural spheres of life of Ukrainian society, which can become the basis for decentralization of government. It has been determined that for the further development the necessary condition is the mutual co-ordination of various legislative and normative documents concerning issues of territorial communities expansion, independence and responsibility in solving problems of life support and development of territories of cities, settlements and other settlements taking into account local specifics due to effective decentralization process on the part of bodies executive.

The “risk in teaching process” or the “didactic risk”: Views of the Greek teachers

In every aspect of everyday teaching process, the teacher is called to make decisions which determine the achievement of predetermined objectives. Every such decisions shall be taken considering a number of preconditions, as a part of a rational approach. Since teaching is a dynamic process in which every action can alter the expected outcome, any decision involves small or large “risk” rate. The current survey firstly tries to give a theoretical context of “didactic risk” based both on data from other scientific fields and on assumptions about planning the teaching procedure. Secondly, it examines the views of Greek teachers about what they think to be “risk in teaching process’.

Toward evidence-based HR

PurposeSharing a practitioner perspective on the current value, challenges and future direction of HR analytics, from experience in a Fortune 500 company, to contribute to the development of the field in practice and academia. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachPerspective/position paper with practical findings.FindingsHR analytics – i.e., applied management/OE science – clearly adds value when a number of pre-conditions are met. The value goes beyond talent outcomes, and applies to profits, cyber security, safety, and other outcomes.Practical implicationsHR/OE practitioners and academia should continue to work together, and consider both clear monetary value and change management when working toward evidence-based HR and evidence-based management.Social implicationsThe approach increases the impact of for- and non-profit organizations, giving higher impact at lower cost, via more efficient and effective use of human capital and also removes biases present in approaches that are not evidence-based.Originality/valueFew very large companies have shared their experiences building up HR analytics, and this paper does exactly that from a large company that has invested heavily in HR analytics and is considered a front-runner globally (Shell). This showcases to practitioners and researchers what HR analytics can be, provided proper investments are made, and practitioners and researchers work together – i.e., what the impact of HR analytics is and what the challenges and pitfalls are.

Deadlock-Free Scheduling Method for Flexible Manufacturing Systems Based on Timed Colored Petri Nets and Anytime Heuristic Search

This paper addresses the deadlock (DL)-free scheduling problem of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) characterized by resource sharing, limited buffer capacity, routing flexibility, and the availability of material handling systems. The FMS scheduling problem is formulated using timed colored Petri net (TCPN) modeling where each operation has a certain number of preconditions, an estimated duration, and a set of postconditions. Based on the reachability analysis of TCPN modeling, we propose a new anytime heuristic search algorithm which finds optimal or near-optimal DL-free schedules with respect to makespan as the performance criterion. The methodology tackles the time-constrained problem of very demanding systems (high diversity production and make-to-order) in which computational time is a critical factor to produce optimal schedules that are DL-free. In such a rapidly changing environment and under tight customer due-dates, producing optimal schedules becomes intractable given the time limitations and the NP-hard nature of scheduling problems. The proposed anytime search algorithm combines breadth-first iterative deepening A* with suboptimal breadth-first heuristic search and backtracking. It guarantees that the search produces the best solution obtained so far within the allotted computation time and provides better solutions when given more time. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated on a comprehensive benchmark set of DL-prone FMS examples and the computational results show the superiority of the proposed approach over the previous works.

A complete parameterized complexity analysis of bounded planning

The propositional planning problem is a notoriously difficult computational problem, which remains hard even under strong syntactical and structural restrictions. Given its difficulty it becomes natural to study planning in the context of parameterized complexity. In this paper we continue the work initiated by Downey, Fellows and Stege on the parameterized complexity of planning with respect to the parameter “length of the solution plan.” We provide a complete classification of the parameterized complexity of the planning problem under two of the most prominent syntactical restrictions, i.e., the so called PUBS restrictions introduced by Bäckström and Nebel and restrictions on the number of preconditions and effects as introduced by Bylander. We also determine which of the considered fixed-parameter tractable problems admit a polynomial kernel and which do not.

Occurrence of Delayed Non-GI Events Post-Colonoscopy and Patients With Identifiable Increased Risk

Introduction: Track overall rates of delayed non-GI (cardiac, vascular, pulmonary) adverse events (AEs) 30-days post-colonoscopy in average risk and complex patients. Determine any increased risk (IR) of delayed non-GI for complex patients having colonoscopy versus those not having colonoscopy or other surgical procedures. Methods: An independent data analysis was done by IMS using the LifeLink health claims database, a fully adjudicated, longitudinal claims database representative of the national, commercially-insured population. Of the patients, 495,902 colonoscopy patients (Mar 2011-Feb 2012) were identified and year prior comorbid diagnosis codes identified complex patients. Post-colonoscopy AEs in emergency department or hospital settings were tracked for 30 days. A cohort of 44,640 complex patients without colonoscopy or other surgery matched 1:1 basis on age, gender, and pre-colonoscopy risk factors. Results: Events 30 days after colonoscopy occurred in 4.7% of average risk patients vs. 15.4% (p<0.0001) of antithrombotic (AT) patients and 6.7% (p<0.0001) of COPD/OSA patients. Bleeding was the largest portion of AEs for average risk patients, but delayed non-GI AEs were increased in AT patients (11.2%; p<0.0001) and COPD/OSA patients (2.2%; p<0.0001). Over 94% occurred <2 weeks of colonoscopy. AT patients had increased bleeding (9.3% vs. 4.0%), yet delayed non-GI AEs had IR (11.2% vs. 0.9%). As AT and COPD/OSA patients have IR of delayed non-GI AEs, a matched cohort analysis of having a colonoscopy vs. patients not undergoing another surgical procedure showed an IR odds ratio (OR) of delayed non-GI AEs in AT patients (3.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9-3.8]) and COPD/OSA (1.6 [95% CI 1.4-1.9]). Patients prescribed anticoagulants (AC)+AT (5.0 [3.9-6.3]), AC (2.6 [2.3-2.8]), COPD (2.4 [2.1-2.7]) had highest increased risk. Linear regression of 4 variables showed an R2=0.17 limited by infrequent non-GI AEs and pre-index conditions only occurring in 20% of the population. Non-GI ORs were increased in: males, increasing age, and number of preconditions, but smaller AEs for colonoscopy with intervention. The regression’s predictive value was based on age (44%) and precondition (47%). A second regression crossing age and precondition showed non-GI AE risk increases with age, yet each precondition had substantial risk for patients 50+ (Table 1).Table 1: Non-GI AE ORs for Age and PreconditionConclusion: Following colonoscopy, considerable 30-day risks of delayed non-GI CP or neurologic AEs exist in patients with identifiable comorbid conditions. Appropriate cognizance should be incorporated into the global risk benefit assessments and development of risk minimization strategies in patients considered for colonoscopy. Disclosure - All authors are consultants of Given Imaging (Covidien). Funds to acquire IMS data were provided by Given Imaging (Covidien). As part of study, IMS provided data analysis and statistical support.

Workplace Social Dialogue as a Form of 'Productive Reflection'

Abstract This paper takes another look at the concept of employee participation in European Workplaces. It does so by combining a review of the research literature and case study material to describe contemporary practice inside enterprises, and documents the variety and differentiated forms of workplace social dialogue that exist. That review and research suggests that whilst the more formalistic kinds of structures have declined in recent years, interest in and the operation of workplace social dialogue have burgeoned. The article investigates how participative structures are adapting to current enterprise reality and use the term “productive reflection” as another way of describing the process of participation. This draws attention to the possibility that dialogue can take place within different spaces and at different levels of the organisation. The article suggest that, for it to be effective, productive reflection requires a number of pre-conditions, including equality of esteem and high levels of trust relations between actors. Keywords: employee participation, workplace, social dialogue

An assessment of the current status of the chokka squid fishery in South Africa and an evaluation of alternative allocation strategies

The South African squid fishery is based on a single species, Loligo reynaudi, locally referred to as chokka and commonly found around the Agulhas Bank and West Coast shelf of South Africa. The existing long term rights for participation in the fishery expire at the end of 2013 and a new set of rights will have to be issued. Progress made to date in achieving the objectives of the South African Marine Living Resources Act of 1998 (MLRA), including progress towards greater equity, will be an important consideration in allocation decisions. The draft Small-Scale Fisheries Policy, scheduled to be adopted in 2013, could also influence the criteria to be used. This study updates the information on the current structure and functioning of the squid jig sector and considers the likely performance of two alternative access allocation scenarios against the current and evolving policy goals. The study reaffirms that the squid fishery is an important contributor to human well-being in South Africa and particularly in the Eastern Cape Province but there is scope for improvement in the extent of transformation and equity. The study concludes that, as a result of a common lack of experience and capital amongst potential new entrants, the risks associated with transformation in this fishery are likely to be high, especially if the option of allocating rights to community-based legal entities was to be used. The risks could be reduced by ensuring that a number of pre-conditions were met. These include, amongst others, not allowing total effort in the fishery to increase; ensuring effective management by the responsible government authorities; adequate capacity building of new entrants, whether individuals or cooperatives; and ensuring new entrants have viable business plans.

Controlling Access to Pick-up and Delivery Vans: The Cost of Alternative Measures

Over the past decade - following the disastrous attacks of 9/11 - we have witnessed the introduction of a range of trans-border security programs designed to protect international supply chains against acts of terrorism. In most if not all cases, these programs comprehend the introduction of situational measures, and in many cases operators in the industry are left with limited guidance on how best to implement them. In academic literature on situational crime prevention it is argued that - when introduced without proper reflection and consideration - preventive measures can easily backfire and turn into the negative. It is argued that measures need to be carefully assessed prior to their implementation, and that this assessment should focus on various criteria. In the study reported on in this paper, these observations are illustrated by means of an ex ante consideration of alternative measures to control unauthorised access to pick-up and delivery vans. This study was conducted in 2011 in a Belgian branch of an international express operator, and is limited to the selection process of preventive measures only. The outcome illustrates that - when deciding on what measures best to implement - it may be worthwhile or even necessary not to focus on monetary costs only, but to also take a number of other cost items into consideration; and to make sure that a number of preconditions are in place in order for the introduction of a measure to be feasible and successful. It is argued that an exante consideration of alternative solutions will contribute to making the decision onwhat measures best to implement a more informed and balanced one.

Factors responsible for rural household participation in institutional credit programs in Pakistan

Institutional credit plays a pivotal role in increasing farm production and improving the socioeconomic life of farmers. However, procuring credit from formal lending institutions is not easy. A number of pre-conditions are to be fulfilled to qualify for the institutional credit. This paper explores the factors that account for a household’s participation in formal agricultural credit programs. The study was conducted in 2005 to 2006 in northwest Pakistan. Using regression analysis, the study finds that education and farm size are important determinant for a household to participate in institutional credit program. The study concludes that the formal lending institutions need to devise a credit delivery mechanism based on relaxed pre-conditions which small and landless farmers could easily fulfill. Key words: Institutional credit, participation, collateral, farm production.

Integrating care for people with mental illness: the Care Programme Approach in England and its implications for long-term conditions management.

This policy paper considers what the long-term conditions policies in England and other countries could learn from the experience of the Care Programme Approach (CPA). The CPA was introduced in England in April 1991 as the statutory framework for people requiring support in the community for more severe and enduring mental health problems. The CPA approach is an example of a long-standing 'care co-ordination' model that seeks to develop individualised care plans and then attempt to integrate care for patients from a range of providers. The CPA experience is highly relevant to both the English and international debates on the future of long-term conditions management where the agenda has focused on developing co-ordinated care planning and delivery between health and social care; to prioritise upstream interventions that promote health and wellbeing; and to provide for a more personalised service. This review of the CPA experience suggests that there is the potential for better care integration for those patients with multiple or complex needs where a strategy of personalised care planning and pro-active care co-ordination is provided. However, such models will not reach their full potential unless a number of preconditions are met including: clear eligibility criteria; standardised measures of service quality; a mix of governance and incentives to hold providers accountable for such quality; and genuine patient involvement in their own care plans. Investment and professional support to the role of the care co-ordinator is particularly crucial. Care co-ordinators require the requisite skills and competencies to act as a care professional to the patient as well as to have the power to exert authority among other care professionals to ensure multidisciplinary care plans are implemented successfully. Attention to inter-professional practice, culture, leadership and organisational development can also help crowd-in behaviours that promote integrated care.

Evidenzbasierte Versorgungsempfehlungen zwischen Wissen und Annehmen

The assessment of the potential benefit of medical drugs (and other types of medical interventions) is based on the current best available evidence from experimental and observational trials. Benefit assessment implies one fundamental assumption: the results published in the international literature actually have practical relevance for the future treatment of individual patients. This assumption is, in turn, based on a number of pre-conditions, six of which will be identified and discussed: an established nosology, the priority given to treatment implications, valid and reliable comparative measurement of outcomes, aggregate statistics for different types of outcome variables, and irrelevance of the psychosocial context of health care. Once more it will be demonstrated that the fundamental basis of any medical benefit assessment is a weak one in various parts and needs continuous theoretical reflection.

Improving access to psychological therapies: implications for mental health care in general practice

A total of 3600 new accredited psychological therapists are being trained and employed in primary care over the 2008–2011 period as part of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) programme.1 This is the largest investment (£170 million) in primary care mental health ever, and comes with a number of pre-conditions: practitioners will be employed in teams; have routine supervision; collect patient-rated outcome measures at each contact (including the Patient Health Questionnaire–92 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment–73); and services will operate according to a ‘stepped care model’. ‘Low intensity practitioners’ have some similarities in training to ‘graduate mental health workers’ whose role was proposed in The NHS Plan in 2000, although lessons have been learned from the problems associated with this previous initiative.4,5 These low intensity practitioners, who may have limited mental health experience, are trained to provide a wider range evidence-based brief interventions derived from cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), such as facilitated self-help (computerised CBT and bibliotherapy), behavioural activation, and problem-solving, in addition to signposting to other community resources. The more numerous ‘high intensity practitioners’ provide CBT to those who have not recovered with lower intensity treatments. Targets for supporting patients to return to work are being revisited in the new economic climate. Contrary to some reports, counselling and other treatment modalities can be integrated into or co-exist in parallel with the new IAPT teams. The ambitions of the IAPT programme to improve access to talking therapies to a wider population, including vulnerable groups, is bold and potentially of great importance to patients and their GPs; however, this poses some challenges too, not least that of horizontally integrating into primary care an essentially vertically organised programme of care focused on depression and anxiety.6 We suggest that the IAPT programme is best …