Number Of Potential Consumers Research Articles

포스트 코로나시대 캠핑시설 이용자들의 차박캠핑 이용현황에 관한 연구

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the daily lives of people in all regions of the world, especially the tourism industry. However, the camping industry is in the spotlight due to social distancing and convenience, and among them, the number of “Car Camping” users is rapidly increasing. The number of potential consumers who want to enjoy Car Camping tourism is increasing, and “Car Camping” is receiving a lot of attention in Korea as a leisure activity and tourism concept. In this study, consumption behavior types and psychology of Car Camping users were analyzed. As a result, campers who prefer “Car Camping” consider social distancing, convenience, and economy to be the most important advantages of “Car Camping”. This study is considered to be the basic data necessary for the correct settlement and activation of “Car camping” culture, which is rapidly increasing in the future, for analyzing the actual conditions of “Car Camping” users in the post-corona era.

Resilience, discipline and financialisation in the UK’s liberal welfare state

ABSTRACT Financialisation has become central to contemporary liberal welfare states. The embedding of asset-based welfare and social investment strategies has emphasised focus on maximising the number of potential consumers, alongside reducing the welfare state’s economic liabilities as much as possible. A central component of this is shifting risk away from the state, individualising risk. The efficacy of this process rests on individuals internalising this risk shift and accepting the premise that they are entirely responsible for their own economic wellbeing, regardless of the social conditions in which they live. In this article, I argue that the concept of ‘resilience’ facilitates this internalisation, which helps to explain its relatively rapid uptake in the social policy of welfare regimes such as the UK. ‘Resilience’ can be understood as a disciplinary mechanism that assists with both legitimising and enforcing the financialisation of everyday life through the welfare state. This article makes a theoretical contribution to the literature through providing the first substantive attempt to demonstrate the role resilience as a social policy strategy may play in maintaining the longevity of financialised welfare capitalism and furthering the financialisation of everyday life.

Elective course “Pharmaceutical aspects of substance abuse and drug addiction” as part of the process of forming a systemic thinking pharmacist

Annotation. The formation of non-standard thinking and holistic vision in higher education students is achieved through the use of interdisciplinary integration of basic subjects with elective courses as more professionally oriented. The aim of the work is to optimize the teaching of a new course “Pharmaceutical aspects of substance abuse and drug addiction” (“PASAandDA”), which is offered to students of the 3rd year of the Faculty of Pharmacy and is a generalization for previous basic and additional disciplines of biological direction with modern information and communication technologies. The following methods were used: sociological survey, statistical processing of the obtained results, analysis of scientific sources on the subject of work. The survey was conducted twice anonymously on a self-developed questionnaire, which was developed according to the methodology of the Center for Applied Research, in Microsoft Forms Office 365. Generalization and processing of research materials in observation groups were conducted using statistical and comparative methods according to each category. The survey involved 123 people (43 men, 80 women), divided into two groups: students of the 3rd year of the Faculty of Pharmacy, who studied “PASAandDA” (observation group – 39 people) and people from their circle of friends who were not familiar with this course (control – 84 people). All obtained data were statistically processed using built-in modules Microsoft Forms and software package “Microsoft Office Excel” taking into account the Student’s parametric t-test to assess the obtained statistical significance of intergroup differences. The following results were obtained: the question, which was formulated in such a way that based on the answers, it was possible to obtain the numerical value of worldviews on the socialization of addicted to psychoactive drugs (PD), 21% of respondents who studied the discipline (reliability m= ±6.52), and from the number of respondents who did not study “PASAandDA” – 38% (m= ±5.3), p<0.05 (95%). 17% (m= ±6.01) and 4% (m= ±2.14), p<0.05 (95%) were denied. Considering the above results, we can conclude that among the respondents who did not study “PASAandDA”, statistically significantly more consider drug addiction to be less threatening to the individual and his return to society. Finally, the analysis of factual data makes it possible to state that the study of the elective course “PASAandDA”, in accordance with the implemented optimizations, statistically significantly reduced the number of potential consumers of psychoactive drugs among applicants, which is undeniable practical significance of this discipline.

Особливості ідентифікації ризиків ринку BIG DATA

The paper hypothesizes that the dynamic digitalization of the economy, based on the benefits of using Big data, accelerates the use in management and production processes of technologies offered by this market. However, it is noted that the acquisitions of the Big data market also exacerbate the socio- economic contradictions between countries with developed market economies and institutionally underdeveloped countries, which include Ukraine. The authors of the study proposed to identify the Big data market with such key indicators as total revenue, number of Internet users, losses of Big Data market participants from data leakage. Thus, the high rates of development of the Big data market in terms of growth of total market income in 8,03 times during 2011 — 2020 were witnessed. The main segments of the Big Data market (service segment, software segment and service segment) were identified. It is established that the largest share of the Big Data market is occupied by the services segment (37,5% in 2020). From 2021, the growth rate of the software segment is expected to exceed other segments of this market — hardware and services. The results of the analysis of the Big Data market by M. Porter’s five forces model show that the most important of the competitive forces in the market is a high level of competition, in which market participants are encouraged to focus on potential needs and expectations of their customers to strengthen bases of differentiation and clear positioning of the services. According to the results of the SWOT-analysis of the Big Data market, the following strengths were identified: business expansion due to the increase in the amount of information it owns; increasing the number of customer reviews through social networks; establishing strategic partnerships with suppliers, dealers and other stakeholders through the use of Big Data; permanent training of employees to maintain the competitiveness of organizations; established IT system of the enterprise, which promotes faster adoption of effective management decisions; high incomes due to effective management decisions, possession of market research results through Big Data technologies. The identified market opportunities are: population growth, which means an increase in the number of potential consumers and the amount of data collected; growth in the number of enterprises that implement e-commerce in their activities; growth of active consumers due to the integration of Big Data into social networks; increasing the share of automated processes, which helps reduce costs; growing popularity of IT specialization in universities; globalization of the economy, which allows companies to expand their activities to other countries. On the basis of identified strengths of the market and its capabilities, the following strategic directions of development are proposed: entry of enterprises into new markets due to market globalization and effective implementation of Big Data technologies; use of social networks to collect consumer data and involve them in Big Data processes; improvement of the e-commerce system of enterprises due to the capabilities of well-established IT systems of the enterprise with the capabilities of Big Data; reduction of product prices due to cost optimization and effective interaction with contractors. The results of the research allowed to identify the following main risks of the industry: destruction of data confidentiality; collection of false data, infringement of intellectual property of a third party, etc. The formed risk matrix indicates that the most significant risks of this market are the reduction of information security of the entity due to hacker attacks (probability of 50%, significant damage) and the destruction of data confidentiality (probability of 25%, significant damage). Qualitative interpretation of risks in the Big Data market allowed to characterize the impact of adverse factors of internal and external environments, namely: insufficient unreliability of cloud storage for data storage; high level of distrust of data carriers to companies using Big Data; high staff turnover in the market, etc. Assessing the risk of data loss due to hacker attacks allowed to identify it as a risk of a high level of importance (6 p.). Based on the obtained result, it is concluded that the activities of Big Data market participants are vulnerable to possible hacker intrusions and require more effective measures to ensure reliable data protection of enterprises and their customers.

El impacto del marketing digital en empresas fabricantes de embutidos de los Altos de Jalisco

Uno de los objetivos de cualquier empresa, además de elaborar productos de alta calidad y aceptación comunitaria, es elevar las ventas de manera significativa. Desgraciadamente, existen regiones donde aún no se utilizan las nuevas tecnologías de mercadeo que hacen posible llegar a una mayor cantidad de posibles consumidores, no solo a nivel regional, sino también estatal y nacional. La presente investigación, que incluyó métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos, así como entrevistas aplicadas a propietarios, empleados y clientes de tres empresas de embutidos, busca sondear el impacto del marketing digital en la región de los Altos de Jalisco, México. Así, además de indagar sobre el grado de conocimiento que tienen respecto de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) para ampliar sus mercados hacia zonas de mayor densidad poblacional, se busca conocer la opinión sobre sus productos elaborados, su calidad y aceptación. No hay que olvidar que las empresas están transitando a un mundo cada vez más conectado, lo que posibilita que los empresarios pueden hacer llegar sus productos a una mayor cantidad de consumidores, mediante Internet y dispositivos inteligentes, tales como celulares, tabletas y computadoras, y así asegurar la supervivencia de la empresa y una permanencia más prolongada en el mercado.

Optimal Design of Online Sequential Buy-Price Auctions with Consumer Valuation Learning

Buy-price auction has been successfully used as a new channel of online sales. This paper studies an online sequential buy-price auction problem, where a seller has an inventory of identical products and needs to clear them through a sequence of online buy-price auctions such that the total profit is maximized by optimizing the buy price in each auction. We propose a methodology by dynamic programming approach to solve this optimization problem. Since the consumers’ behavior affects the seller’s revenue, the consumers’ strategy used in this auction is first investigated. Then, two different dynamic programming models are developed to optimize the seller’s decision-making: one is the clairvoyant model corresponding to a situation where the seller has complete information about consumer valuations, and the other is the Bayesian learning model where the seller makes optimal decisions by continuously recording and utilizing auction data during the sales process. Numerical experiments are employed to demonstrate the impacts of several key factors on the optimal solutions, including the size of inventory, the number of potential consumers, and the rate at which the seller discounts early incomes. It is shown that when the consumers’ valuations are uniformly distributed, the Bayesian learning model is of great efficiency if the demand is adequate.

Pricing Strategies for Competing Adaptive Retailers Facing Complex Consumer Behavior: Agent-based Model

This paper examines pricing strategies for two adaptive retailers competing on two products in the presence of complex consumer behavior, where consumers own heterogeneous product and store valuations and the number of potential consumers is random. Each retailer can choose one from two pricing strategies: the uniform pricing format (offering the same price for two products) or the differentiated pricing format (offering different prices). Utilizing agent-based model (each retailer is modeled as an autonomous agent with the reinforcement learning behavior), we find that: (i) the differentiated pricing format is not always the optimal choice; (ii) when the uncertainty of one product/store valuation is a little larger than that of the rival, both retailers should adopt uniform pricing. Besides, when wholesale price contract is endogenous, we find that supplier’s pricing behavior can change the impact of the fixed cost on the pricing strategy.

Crowdfunding, Financing Constraints, and Real Effects

We study the feasibility and optimal design of presale crowdfunding contracts where participating consumers pay a premium above the future expected spot price and financially constrained entrepreneurs balance the potential product–market distortions introduced through presale crowdfunding against the cost of traditional external financing. Our analysis shows how such crowdfunding contracts enable the execution of projects that could not be otherwise undertaken and highlights novel interactions between the cost of capital, demand uncertainty, and production. Tighter financing constraints reduce the ability of the monopolist to extract surplus but, contrary to the usual result, may increase production. We evaluate how uncertainty and market size reduce the price-discriminating power of the monopolist and affect the optimal contract regime. Nevertheless, we show how such presale price-discriminating contracts are implementable even when the number of potential consumers is relatively high and their individual demand is stochastic. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Higher Education in the Far East: Market Position and Development Needs of the Region

The article analyzes the compliance of the structure of supply and demand for higher education services with the staffing needs for the development of the Far Eastern Federal District. The authors dwell on the main market factors affecting the demand for higher education (the number of potential consumers, monetary incomes of the population, employment opportunities after graduation, the level of possible wages in the specialty received, the price of secondary vocational education, the needs of economics for specialists with higher education by groups of training areas), their influence on the market for higher education services in the macroregion. In the context of enlarged groups of specialties and areas of training, an assessment of the demand and supply of higher education services and their compliance with the development needs of the macroregion and its constituent entities is given. The article shows that the system of forming management decisions in terms of harmonizing the demand for higher education services, their supply and development needs of the region requires a deeper differentiation in conjunction with factors affecting the market for higher education services. The main directions of improving the system of forming management decisions by redistributing powers between higher education authorities towards the expansion of regional and macroregional authorities are proposed.

Banking Underserved Market Segments

This paper aims at discussing how to contribute to sustainable development by targeting underbanked market segments: according to a common view, they include people who have become blacklisted by major banks, are young consumers, want to avoid debt collectors, are fed-up with fees, are out of a job or had a bad customer experience; in these cases, traditional financial services could—or would—be hardly accessed and informal channels tend to prevail. The unbanked too call for attention, as that they do not even hold a bank account and hence are excluded from formal banking opportunities, which is likely to pave the way to alternative, less reputable business models. Given the high number of potential consumers involved worldwide, furthering their financial inclusion sounds like a must. In sight of reaching this ambitious goal, the starting point can be identified with an extensive analysis of the underlying concepts, that are closely linked to the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015; the next step revolves around the features of the market segments under investigation, their financial needs that remain unsatisfied and the strategic tools that are likely to improve the state of the art. The main findings lead to stress that usually listed categories to be better served by banks do not tell the whole story, which should act as a stimulus to disseminate best practices and to suggest concrete proposals; they can help to meet the critical challenges of social and economic sustainability within the framework of the generation pact and may also allow financial institutions to expand their activity profitably. Conclusions imply that a more inclusive financial system would provide benefits to the underbanked (not to mention the unbanked), as well as to society at large, with financial competence, literacy and education set to gain momentum.

The effects of herding and word of mouth in a two-period advertising signaling model

In the context of increasing globalization, a new product may be sequentially released into markets in different countries and regions. The behavior of consumers in the market where a new product is first launched may have a huge impact on the purchasing behavior of consumers in later markets through the effects of herding and word of mouth (WOM). We suggest that these effects may significantly influence advertising when new products with short life cycles, such as movies, books, games, and music, are sequentially launched and not repeatedly purchased by consumers. Using a two-period advertising signaling model, this study theoretically demonstrates that the effects of herding and WOM affect the existence of separating (signaling quality) and pooling (hiding quality information) equilibria, but the number of potential consumers in different markets has no impact. Importantly, we investigate the firm's strategic choices by comparing the profits generated under different equilibria and find that if the strength of WOM or the unit advertising cost increases, or if the herding effect decreases, a pooling equilibrium is likely to be the best, and a win-win, strategy before a new product is first released and consumed; otherwise, a separating equilibrium dominates. We also find that the cost of signaling decreases as WOM increases, whereas it increases with the herding effect or the mass of consumers in Period 1. Our findings provide several managerial implications relating to releasing product quality information for those industries in which products without repeat purchase are sequentially released in different markets.

Brand Awareness and Brand Preference for Carbonated Soft Drinks: Evidence from Cadbury Schweppes Ethiopia Research Evidence from Life Experience

<p>When Schweppes entered the Ethiopian soft drink market viable competitors were Pepsi and Coca Cola. However, its entry into the soft drink market was largely meant to realize its potential to serve a large chunk of the Ethiopian soft drink flavor market which was under-served by the two giants. Whether this market niche provided sustained and superior returns was dependent on the business environment. It was in this environment that Schweppes had carried out a series of promotional campaigns to increase the sale of its wide range products in the market. The research on the effectiveness of the promotional campaign showed that quite significant number of potential consumers was exposed to the brand advertisement. The research result also indicated the awareness rate as measured by the frequency of exposure to the media within a short span of time. The analysis highlighted the rate of brand recall, brand trial and favorite brand usage. The method used in this sample testing survey sampling 2171 consumers made no pretense of being exhaustive. Commercial recall testing was carried out in different outlets by interviewing a random sample of consumers using a standard questionnaire. Consumers were sampled from groceries, hotels, restaurants, supermarkets, clubs, crowded streets and Mercato depot area. The survey was carried out in 2000. The author developed this research in his capacity as marketing development manager for Schweppes-Summit International.</p>

Brand Awareness and Brand Preference for Carbonated Soft Drinks: Evidence from Cadbury Schweppes Ethiopia

When Schweppes entered the Ethiopian soft drink market viable competitors were Coca Cola and Pepsi. However, its entry into the soft drink was largely meant to realize its potential to serve a large chunk of the Ethiopian soft drink flavor market which was under-served by the two giants. Whether this market niche provide sustained and superior returns were largely dependent on the business environment. It was in this environment Schweppes has carried out a series of promotional campaigns to increase the sale of its wide range of products in the market. The research on the effectiveness of the promotional campaign shows that quite a significant number of potential consumers was exposed to the brand advertisement. The research result also indicated the awareness rate as measured by the frequency of exposure to the media within a short span of time. The analysis highlights the rate of brand recall, brand trial and favorite brand usage. The method used in this sample testing survey sampling 2171 consumers makes no pretense of being exhaustive. Commercial recall testing was carried out in different outlets by interviewing a random sample of consumers using structured questionnaire. Consumers were sampled from hotels, restaurants, groceries, supermarkets, clubs, crowded streets and Mercato depot area. I developed and executed this research while working in the capacity of marketing development manager for Schweppes International.

Community care for the elderly 1976-84.

The aging of the elderly population is of crucial importance as people who are over 80 make far greater use of health and social services than any other age group. Government guidelines on the provision of services, which are generally related to the whole population aged 65 and over, fail to take account of this change in the age structure of the elderly population and are no longer appropriate. Recent trends in the provision of domiciliary services, day care, specialist housing for the elderly, and residential care have been related to changes in the number of potential consumers. Ironically, despite the government's stated commitment to "community care," the chief growth area has been private institutional care. The number of day care places and sheltered housing units has also increased in real terms, but the provision of domiciliary services, such as home help and health visitor visits to the elderly, has either fallen behind or barely matched the increase in the number of very old people. If community care is to be made a reality and if the present inadequate levels of service are to be maintained, let alone improved, then additional resources, greater cooperation among agencies, and a more imaginative approach to the development and delivery of services are urgently needed.

New Horizons for the Humanities

T NHE humanities play an ambiguous role in American society, being universally admired as an expression of the creative energy of our people but at the same time kept on short rations financially. It is an inconsistency that is very deeply rooted in our history, reflecting the American tradition of praising education while discounting the intellect. We have often thought too little of learning for its own sake while emphasizing its uses. Perhaps it is fair to say that until recently we had almost no other choice. In the beginning, we faced an unknown wilderness that had to be explored and developed. Before this task was near completion, our society was torn by civil war, and we had to find ways to reunite our people in a common citizenship. Then, with hardly a breather, we had to prepare the young to take their places in a burgeoning world of industry and urban life. The humane disciplines of history, philosophy, the arts, and languages were not widely influential outside the secondary schools and colleges, and the humanities were supported largely by the generosity of a few private benefactors. This arrangement was satisfactory as long as the number of potential consumers was small. Now, however, we are in the midst of a cultural explosion. Public interest and participation in the arts, as broadly defined, are reaching unprecedented levels. Attendance at concerts, museums, exhi-