Number Of People Working Research Articles

Analysis of Labor Market Dynamics in Indonesia (1986-2012)

The researcher provides new evidence from Badan Pusat Statistik and International Labor Organization data on how labor market dynamics vary in labor market in Indonesia based on the ILO publication, 17 Key Indicators of the Labor Market 2015, which shows statistics on the main indicators in the dynamics of the labor market. Result shows that In Indonesia, the LFPR (Labor Force Participation Rate) for young people (15-19) is relatively low and reaches a peak among men (20-29) and then begins to decline substantially for older people (60+). Japan, as a developed country that is still in the Asian region, has a 2017 LFPR of 60.21%, this is because LFPR is the percentage of the labor force to the working age population. The total population of Indonesia aged 15 years and over is higher than Japan. In Indonesia, based on the number of people working in the sector, for the period 1986 to 2016, the agricultural sector is the most volatile sector. The highest proportion of informal employment in the non-agricultural sector is experienced by those with low education and the lowest is experienced by university graduates. Compared to Laos, Thailand and Cambodia as neighboring countries and developing countries, Indonesia is the country with the highest unemployment rate. Over the period 1991 to 2017, youth unemployment rates increased sharply for both men and women. The characteristics of unemployment in Indonesia based on unemployment show that the unemployed with high education (ILO concept: Intermediate and Advanced) are higher than the unemployed with low education (basic education).

The World’s Most Troublesome Weed: Water Hyacinth and the Development of Wetland Science

Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a large free-floating plant (up to 1 m tall) that can become established from seed and vegetative fragments. Vegetative growth is by stolons, creating floating mats of interconnected plants. Originally from South America, it reached the United States in the 1880s and, by the 1890s, had become a severe problem in Florida rivers. When large floating mats of Water Hyacinth began interfering with steamboat navigation on the St. Johns River and other rivers, various control measures were investigated to destroy or remove it, including mechanical harvesting, primitive herbicides, and physical barriers (booms). None proved completely effective. None of the numerous attempts to turn Water Hyacinth into salable commodities has been commercially viable. The lack of any permanent solution to Water Hyacinth infestations forced local governments in Florida to hire stafto deal with infestations in their jurisdictions. Eventually, the number of people working on Water Hyacinth control increased significantly, resulting in the establishment of the Hyacinth Control Society in 1961 to facilitate the exchange of information on how best to manage it. This Society was the first American professional society whose members were dedicated to protecting and managing wetlands.

Trip Generation Model of Sawah Baru Residential, Ciputat District, South Tangerang Municipality

Traffic congestion in Ciputat area due to increasing of trip generation unsupported by transportation facilities and adequate road network. Generally, solution that implemented is road network capacity upgrades with widening based on trip generation analysis. The purpose of this research to determine trip generation model, total of trip generation, factors that influence of trip generation, and characteristics of trip users on Sawah Baru residence Ciputat Tangerang Selatan. The research method used by household interview survey about number of family members, amount of income per month, number of people working, number of students, number of vehicle owners, amount of transportation costs per month, also trip data from family members daily. Data that has been collected then analyzed with multiple linear regression method used SPSS 25.0 application with significant level 95%. Trip generation model of Sawah Baru residence can be attained Y = 0,450 +0,833 X1 with R2(R square) = 0,833. Total of trip generation that is generated by Sawah Baru residence = 333 trip/day. Based on t Test with significant level <0,05, therefore an influential factors are number of family members, amount of family income, number of people working, number of students, vehicle owners, and transportation cost.

Pengaruh Investasi, Tenaga Kerja dan Tingkat Pendidikan terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto di Kalimantan Tahun 2013 s.d. 2020

Research shows the effect of investment, labor, and education level on gross regional domestic product in Kalimantan. The data used in this study are quantitative secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency and the One Stop Integrated Investment Service from 2014 to 2020. The data in question are investment realization data, the the number of people working in the workforce, the average length of schools, and gross regional domestic product at constant prices. This study uses the Ordinary Least Square method using panel data from 5 provinces in Kalimantan from 2014 to 2020 by testing classical assumptions and hypotheses. Partially, investment and education level have an insignificant positive effect on gross regional domestic product, while labor has a significant positive impact on gross regional domestic product in Kalimantan. Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly affect the gross regional domestic product. The most influential variable on gross regional domestic product is labor.

Analysis of the relationship between urban dynamics and prevalence of remote work based on population data generated from cellular networks

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the introduction of remote work as one way to ensure employee safety and reduce the amount of interpersonal contact while continuing business operations. Knowing the degree of prevalence of remote work and its establishment are considered to be important factors in future policies and urban planning. We applied non-negative matrix factorization to population-change data obtained from a mobile phone network to extract the component of working people, and analyzed the changes pre- and post-pandemic. Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, we confirmed that the number of people working in office and residential districts has significantly changed at a significance level of 1% in urban areas centered around Tokyo and Osaka, the two largest cities in Japan. Time-series data show that the number of workers is decreasing in office districts and increasing in residential districts, suggesting increased prevalence of remote work due to the COVID-19 pandemic and that it has become established. In addition, in urban areas centered around Tokyo, we confirmed that there is a moderate correlation between the changes in the number of people working in office districts and the capital size of corporations in the same area.

Effect Of Investment and employment on Economic Growth

This study aims to determine the effect of investment and labor on economic growth. This study uses a qualitative method. In this study, researchers used a data collection method, namely library research or literature by citing several literature studies such as several articles related to problems related to economic growth. The research is descriptive in nature which tends to use analysis that focuses on in-depth observations. Based on the results discussion, the rate of economic growth and investment has a positive reciprocal relationship. This reciprocal relationship occurs because on the one hand, the higher the economic growth of a country, it means that the greater share of income that can be saved, so that the investment created will be even greater. The number of workers in Indonesia has influential results and also chooses a positive relationship with Indonesia's economic growth, with an increase in the number of people working in Indonesia it is hoped that the productivity of the workforce will increase so that this can spur economic growth in Indonesia.

Uçak Kazalarında İletişim Hatalarının Payı ve Havacılıkta İletişim Odaklı Geliştirilebilecek Yapay Zekâlar

In the history of civil aviation, there have been many fatal accidents due to different reasons. Most of the accidents occurred as a result of human error. Especially for the accidents that occur as a result of malfunctions in the aircraft engine or the systems on the aircraft, a large amount of accidents have been prevented by making use of new technologies. Despite these, accidents caused by human error continue to exist today. Aircraft accidents caused by communication errors are especially important. Due to misunderstanding, misinformation about flight rules, giving incorrect instructions, misunderstanding or misinformation as a result of not having sufficient command of the language used and not providing the necessary information, communication errors occur and as a result, fatal plane crashes occur. In addition to human errors in communication, problems may occur due to the systems used. In particular, the old radio systems used and the problems that occur during the transmission of data also cause accidents. For the same reasons, it is necessary to develop new technologies and use them in the aviation industry in order to avoid accidents. Since the number of people working in the sector cannot be reduced to zero, these technologies should be used and human error should be minimized.
 the purpose of this research; It is to examine and determine the share of aircraft accidents caused by communication errors and to examine the artificial intelligence that can be used in the subject. In the study, the 20 deadliest plane crashes in the history of civil aviation were examined. In addition, the example of Tenerife District is given because it is related to the subject. According to the information obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that 7 of the 20 deadliest accidents in the history of civil aviation were caused by communication errors. Within the framework of the study, Correlation Analysis was conducted to determine the degree of relationship between the number of deaths in accidents and the causes of accidents.

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah Minimum Dan Tingkat Pendidikan Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Di Provinsi Bali

Absorption of labor in the Province of Bali has become a problem in recent years. The unemployment rate in Bali continues to increase, and the number of people working in the informal sector continues to grow. Several factors cause the problem of labor absorption in Bali, one of the factors is the decline in the tourism industry. The purpose of this research to analyze how 1) the simultaneous effect of economic growth, minimum wage and level of education on labor absorption in the province of Bali; 2) the partial effect of economic growth, minimum wage and education level on labor absorption in Bali Province.This research used a quantitative approach. This type of data uses secondary data for the period 2017 – 2022 which was collected through the non-participant observation method. The research location is in the province of Bali which includes 9 regencies and cities. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25 software. The results show that: 1) economic growth, minimum wages and education level have a significant effect simultaneously on labor absorption in Bali Province; 2) economic growth and minimum wages have no partial effect on labor absorption, but the level of education has a significant effect on labor absorption. Based on the research results, it is expected that the government needs to increase the economic growth in the Province of Bali. This can be solved by developing the non-tourism sector, promoting investment, and empowering the small and medium enterprise sector.

Analisis Kausalitas Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Provinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2001-2020

Economic growth is defined as an effort to increase production with the aim of increasing output, which is usually measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or using Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Absorption of labor is the number of jobs seen from the number of people working. This study aims to examine the causal relationship between economic growth and employment in West Sumatra Province in 2001-2020. The analytical tool used is the Granger causality test. The results of the Granger causality test for the variable Economic growth have a one-way causality relationship with employment. Whereas in West Sumatra Province, economic growth affects employment, but labor does not affect economic growth.

Meta-population model about immigrants and natives with heterogeneity mixing and vaccine strategy of tuberculosis in China

China is one of the countries in the world carrying a heavy burden of tuberculosis. Due to the unbalanced economic development, the number of people working in other parts of country is huge, and the mobility of personnel has exacerbated the increase in tuberculosis cases. Most patients affected by this are in their middle and young ages. It is having a great impact among the family and society. Therefore, research on how to control this disease is absolutely necessary. The population is divided into two categories such as local population and the immigrant population. A pulmonary tuberculosis dynamic model with population heterogeneity is established. We calculate the basic reproductive number and the controlled reproductive number, and discuss the two types of population under the constraints given by the amount of vaccine and the optimal immunization ratio obtained is [Formula: see text], which can reduce the effective reproduction number from 5.85 to 0.227. It is understood that immunizing the local population will control the spread of the epidemic to a large extent, and we simulate the final scale of infection after immunization under the optimal immunization ratio. It can take a minimum of at least 10 years to reduce the spread of this disease, but to eliminate it forever, it needs at least a minimum of 100 years.

Study of the Data Augmentation Approach for Building Energy Prediction beyond Historical Scenarios

Building energy consumption predictive modeling using data-driven machine learning is currently highly prevalent. However, the model typically performs poorly when the predicted day’s energy consumption exceeds the upper bound of the historical data. In this study, energy consumption projections are examined outside of historical boundary scenarios, including three occupancy behavior data (HVAC system, lighting, and equipment) and three operating future scenarios (Scenario 1: utilization rate is highest simultaneously; Scenario 2: energy-saving lighting renovation; Scenario 3: the number of people working is decreased). We propose using data augmentation based on the occupancy behavior (DAOB) method, which expands the building’s three occupancy behaviors. The case study showed that, among the three future operating scenario prediction tasks, scenario 1’s performance was the least accurate, with an average relative error of 50.21% compared to the DAOB method’s average relative error of 7.07%. The average relative error in Scenario 2 decreased from 15.83% to 10.10%. The average relative error in Scenario 3 decreased from 20.97% to 6.5%. This provided an efficient method of combining physical models with data-driven models, which significantly increased robustness and reliability of the model.

Biological control in Argentina: state of the art

Biological control (BC) can occur naturally (without human intervention), or by being applied intentionally when it is the result of research and the scientific selection of antagonists. It consists of the reduction in the population density of one species through the action of another. Although the adoption of applied BC in Argentina started at the beginning of the 20th century, it is still a developing discipline. In this context, we designed an online questionnaire consisting of 15 questions to assess the current status of pest BC and the social, economic and demographic aspects of the discipline in the country. We found that 122 people are currently working on BC, of which 62% are women. Although the survey revealed people working on BC in 17 jurisdictions of the country, most of the work is carried out in Buenos Aires, and 82% work in the public sector. Biological control of arthropod pests accounts for 74% of BC projects, which are mainly conducted through classical BC. Despite the fact there is an increase in the number of people working in BC, we offer a series of recommendations aimed at further favoring the growth of the discipline in the country.

კოვიდ-19-ის პანდემიის გავლენა საქართველოს ტურიზმსა და მის მთავარ სეგმენტზე – სასტუმრო ინდუსტრიაზე

The Covid-19 pandemic, along with human casualties, caused significant damage to many sectors of the economy, primarily, tourism and its main segment – the hotel industry. Before the pandemic, in 2019, in the period of the country's independence, Georgia's tourism reached the highest number. The number of tourist visits reached 5,1 million. Revenues from tourism were 8,4% of GDP, and the number of people working in the industry was 11,6% of the total number of employees in the country. At the end of the first year of the pandemic, international tourist visits to Georgia decreased by 78,5% (in 2020) and 66% of hotels and catering facilities in Georgia stopped their activities. During the epidemic period by the government's decision lots of hotels were used as quarantine spaces and Covid-rooms. In order to overcome the crisis, targeted measures were developed – financial benefits, assistance and special activities were provided for the subjects of the tourism industry, but the crisis management plan was deficient and the need for changes after the pandemic was not considered in it. Pandemic has exacerbated the outflow of personnel and redeployment to other fields. It is expected that the demand for medical-refreshing, as well as ecological adventure travel tours will increase among the other types of tourism in the post-pandemic period, consequently, appropriate accommodation should be provided for the guests.

Frequency of working at home, body mass index, and productivity in Japanese office workers: A cohort study.

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of people working at home has grown significantly. This cohort study aimed to investigate whether the frequency of working at home was associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) and productivity from 2018 to 2020. Frequency of working at home was self-reported. Participants were classified into three groups based on mean frequency of working at home per week (no working at home: ≦ 0.5 days, low frequency: 0.5 to 2.5 days, and high frequency: >2.5 days). Productivity was measured using a numerical rating scale, and BMI was calculated using height and weight. Changes in BMI and productivity were calculated by subtracting 2018 data from 2020 data. Linear regression analysis was performed by considering BMI and productivity change as outcomes and frequency of working at home as explanatory variable. BMI change in the high frequency group was significantly smaller than in the group that did not work at home (crude; coefficient: -0.27; 95% CI: -0.55--0.01, adjusted; coefficient: -0.30; 95% CI: -0.60--0.01). Frequency of working at home was not associated with productivity change. Working at home may be a solution for preventing BMI from increasing significantly.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF RURAL POPULATION MIGRATION

Considering the debates regarding population migration from rural areas, the purpose of this study is to analyze socio-economic indicators to identify the main challenges of rural areas in Romania as well as to identify solutions to ensure the development of the Romanian rural environment. Our research aims to present the socioeconomic consequences of the rural population's migration by analyzing indicators such as the population by domicile by residence, the average age of the population by domicile, the flow of internal urban and rural migration, the population activity rate, the employed population per economic activities, and the total average monthly income obtained by a rural person. In addition, at the end of the study, a Pearson correlation was made with the help of the SPSS software, which identified the link between income from agriculture and the number of people working in agriculture. The results obtained indicated that while the number of people employed in agriculture, forestry, and fishing is decreasing, the average total income from agriculture is increasing. On the other hand, the migration of the population from the rural area to the urban area is on average about 82 thousand people and the rural population is in a continuous decrease, while the average age registered in the rural area is higher compared to the average age registered in urban areas.

Spatial Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Earthquake Hazard in Bengkulu City

As a province on Sumatera's west coast, Bengkulu is prone to earthquakes. The region lies on the meeting of the Indo-Australian Plate, the Eurasian Plate, and the Sumatra Fault. Additionally, it is affected by the Mentawai Fault. Various attempts were made to reduce the impact of an earthquake, for instance, by identifying the region's vulnerability. Variables used in this study were based on Social Vulnerability Index (SOVI) by Susan L. Cutter, such as the number of people working in the informal sector and the population density to determine exposure. Other variables in the index include the proportions of vulnerable age population, impermanent houses to determine sensitivity, wealthy households, high school graduates and above, and social capital to determine adaptive capacity. This research aimed to map the vulnerability of the region. It followed social indicators connected to the Peak Ground Acceleration of ≥ 5.0 RS earthquake in 2000-2015. The overlay approach and scoring were used to conduct this village-based study. If the regions were farther from the city center, vulnerability levels tended to be lower; the south is an exception. The research also found an interesting pattern of vulnerability levels to earthquakes. The vulnerability level in the high PGA region was high and very high when the magnitude ranged between 5.0 and 5.9 RS. Meanwhile, the region's vulnerability was high and very high in the low PGA region if the magnitude reached 6.0 to 7.9 RS.

The Limit of the Lateral Fundamental Frequency and Comfort Analysis of a Straddle-Type Monorail Tour Transit System

The straddle-type monorail tour transit system is a light overhead steel structure, and the lateral stiffness is generally low. However, the limit of the lateral natural vibration frequency is not clear in the current codes of China, and designers may ignore it. Weak lateral stiffness will lead to a violent vibration during vehicle operation and crowds walking, affecting human comfort and structural safety. Based on a practical project, we tested the acceleration of a monorail vehicle under full load conditions, and its running stability and ride comfort were assessed. Then, the impact of pedestrians on lateral vibration under some working conditions was measured and analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of different structural parameters on the lateral fundamental frequency was investigated. The results showed the following: (i) The vehicle’s running stability and riding comfort was good. However, human comfort was poor due to the weak lateral stiffness of the structure, which was affected by human-induced vibration. (ii) The comprehensive response of the structure increased with the increase in walking frequency, increased with the increase in the number of people working or weight, and the growth speed slowed down. (iii) The structural stiffness was most sensitive to the change in steel column diameter. (iv) The recommended value of the lateral fundamental frequency limit for different spans of the straddle-type monorail tour transit system was put forward. The recommended lower limit of fundamental frequency for a 15 m span is 5.0 Hz, for an 18 m span it is 3.5 Hz, and for a 25 m span it is 2.8 Hz.

COVID-19 pandemic emergency for the doctrine of asymmetric warfare

Several countries that have involved the military in handling Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been relatively successful. The authors researched the doctrine of asymmetric warfare during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. The Indonesian government assigns the Indonesian National Army (TNI) during an emergency. Help to support the smooth circulation of fulfilling the population's basic needs, cross-regional population transportation, crime is not widespread, offices continue to run with restrictions on the number of people working, and the economy recovers quickly. This research framework uses moral philosophy. Deontological views and utilitarianism become the main assessment instruments to build the doctrine of asymmetric warfare. This research uses a case study approach. The study results show that the Indonesian people see the emergency condition of the COVID-19 pandemic as an asymmetrical warfare. The government is aware of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic occurring at various government levels in terms of spread, duration, and number. All resources are used to deal with COVID-19, including the military, because civil society does not have many facilities and capabilities of TNI personnel.

The translator, an endangered species?

The first public machine translation experiment took place in 1954. Led by researchers from IBM and Georgetown University in Washington, DC, it was destined to make possible high-quality automatic translation from Russian into English in a few years. Since this first attempt, claims that machines could soon be replacing translators became usual. In 2018, Microsoft announced that their Chinese to English news translations were of comparable quality to human translation. The paradox however, is that although translation systems are accessible to most people, the number of people working in the translation industry is higher than ever before – an approximate 600,000 people in the world. In this context, do professionals really have a reason to worry?

Forecasting Hourly Electricity Demand Under COVID-19 Restrictions

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted many sectors including the electricity sector. The restrictions such as lockdowns, remote-working, and -schooling significantly altered the consumers' behaviors and demand structure especially due to a large number of people working at home. Accurate demand forecasts and detailed production plans are crucial for cost-efficient generation and transmission of electricity. In this research, the restrictions and their corresponding timing are classified and mapped with the Turkish electricity demand data to analyze the impact of the restrictions on total demand using a multiple linear regression model. In addition, the model is utilized to forecast the electricity demand in pandemic conditions and to analyze how different types of restrictions impact the total electricity demand. It is found that among three levels of COVID-19 restrictions, age-specific restrictions and the complete lockdown have different effects on the electricity demand on weekends and weekdays. In general, new scheduling approaches for daily and weekly loads are required to avoid supply-demand mismatches as COVID-19 significantly changed the consumer behavior, which appears as altered daily and weekly load profiles of the country. Long-term policy implications for the energy transition and lessons learned from the COVID-19 experience are also discussed.