Number Of Patents Research Articles

Bayesian inference of spatial and temporal relations in AI patents for EU countries

In the paper, we propose two models of Artificial Intelligence (AI) patents in European Union (EU) countries addressing spatial and temporal behaviour. In particular, the models can quantitatively describe the interaction between countries or explain the rapidly growing trends in AI patents. For spatial analysis Poisson regression is used to explain collaboration between a pair of countries measured by the number of common patents. Through Bayesian inference, we estimated the strengths of interactions between countries in the EU and the rest of the world. In particular, a significant lack of cooperation has been identified for some pairs of countries. Alternatively, an inhomogeneous Poisson process combined with the logistic curve growth accurately models the temporal behaviour by an accurate trend line. Bayesian analysis in the time domain revealed an upcoming slowdown in patenting intensity.

Legal Characteristics of the Quality of Patents in the Sphere of Information Technologies: Statement of the Problem

Patents are an important element of economic growth that promotes innovation through the creation of new scientific and technological knowledge. The impact of patents on stimulating innovation and economic growth is undeniable. At the same time, the role of protecting the results of intellectual activity is emphasized in order to increase competitiveness and increase applications. As a result, the number of patents for applying new technologies and attracting new participants within the system (i.e. high-tech entities, research institutions, start-ups and networks) has grown exponentially, jeopardizing the future functioning of the patent system. Patents are still increasingly used by business entities and government research organizations to protect new inventions, IT solutions, technologies that generate new waves of innovation and contribute to changing the current national civil legislation of the Russian Federation.

Specimen extraction through natural orifices with Cai tubes in gastrointestinal surgery: a single-institute series of 234 cases

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of Cai tube-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This was a descriptive case-series study. Inclusion criteria: (1) colorectal or gastric cancer diagnosed by preoperative pathological examination or redundant sigmoid or transverse colon detected by barium enema; (2) indications for laparoscopic surgery; (3) body mass index <30 kg/m2 (transanal surgery) and 35 kg/m2 (transvaginal surgery); (4) no vaginal stenosis or adhesions in female patients undergoing transvaginal specimen extraction; and (5) patients with redundant colon aged 18-70 years and a history of intractable constipation for more than 10 years. Exclusion criteria: (1) colorectal cancer with intestinal perforation or obstruction, or gastric cancer with gastric perforation, gastric hemorrhage, or pyloric obstruction; (2) simultaneous resection of lung, bone, or liver metastases ; (3) history of major abdominal surgery or intestinal adhesions; and (4) incomplete clinical data. From January 2014 to October 2022, 209 patients with gastrointestinal tumors and 25 with redundant colons who met the above criteria were treated by NOSES utilizing a Cai tube (China invention patent number:ZL201410168748.2) in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University. The procedures included eversion and pull-out NOSES radical resection in 14 patients with middle and low rectal cancer, NOSES radical left hemicolectomy in 171 patients with left-sided colorectal cancer, NOSES radical right hemicolectomy in 12 patients with right-sided colon cancer, NOSES systematic mesogastric resection in 12 patients with gastric cancer, and NOSES subtotal colectomy in 25 patients with redundant colons. All specimens were collected by using an in-house-made anal cannula (Cai tube) with no auxiliary incisions. The primary outcomes included 1-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and postoperative complications. Results: Among 234 patients, 116 were male and 118 were female. The mean age was (56.6±10.9) years. NOSES was successfully completed in all patients without conversion to open surgery or procedure-related death. The negative rate of circumferential resection margin was 98.8% (169/171) with both two positive cases having left-sided colorectal cancer. Postoperative complications occurred in 37 patients (15.8%), including 11 cases (4.7%) of anastomotic leakage, 3 cases(1.3%) of anastomotic bleeding, 2 cases (0.9%) of intraperitoneal bleeding, 4 cases (1.7%) of abdominal infection, and 8 cases (3.4%) of pulmonary infection. Reoperations were required in 7 patients (3.0%), all of whom consented to creation of an ileostomy after anastomotic leakage. The total readmission rate within 30 days after surgery was 0.9% (2/234). After a follow-up of (18.3±3.6) months, the 1-year RFS was 94.7%. Five of 209 patients (2.4%) with gastrointestinal tumors had local recurrence, all of which was anastomotic recurrence. Sixteen patients (7.7%) developed distant metastases, including liver metastases(n=8), lung metastases(n=6), and bone metastases (n=2). Conclusion: NOSES assisted by Cai tube is feasible and safe in radical resection of gastrointestinal tumors and subtotal colectomy for redundant colon.

Shaeer's Cavernotome for Penile Prosthesis Implantation in Scarred Corpora Cavernosa.

Penile prosthesis implantation in scarred corporal bodies is one of the most challenging urologic procedures, with high risks of perforation and/or failure. We present Shaeer's Cavernotome (patent application number PCT/EG2021/050003). This is the forward-cutting cavernotome that relies on the principle of controlled coring and grinding rather than forward stabbing, with fibrous tissue accommodated into the hollow core, thereby ensuring high efficacy and low risk of perforation. This is a prospective study involving 18 patients with severe corporal scarring. Surgery is performed through a peno-scrotal incision with an indwelling urethral catheter. Corporotomies are incised and a 2-cm-long core of fibrous tissue is excised with a scalpel. Shaeer's Cavernotome is introduced and lodged against the fibrous tissue. Coring proceeds with the stretched corpus or crus held between the thumb and index fingers of the non-dominant hand as a guide, ahead of the tip. Shaeer's cavernotome doubles as a sizer. Following coring, penile prosthesis implantation proceeds. Dilation of the corpora cavernosa was successful in 17 out of 18 patients. Average coring time was 8 ± 3.2 minutes. Dilation was up to girth 13 Hegar in 12 patients, and 11 in 5. No perforations or infections were encountered. Shaeer's cavernotome facilitates penile prosthesis implantation in scarred corporal bodies. Full excavation of both corpora cavernosa is achievable in less than 10 minutes, with a low risk for perforation.

Leverage target and firm innovation

PurposeIn this paper, the author examines how capital structure (relative to target) affects firm innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe author uses cross-sectional OLS regressions (for each year of data) to determine whether a firm is above or below its target debt level (in that year) and then uses fixed effects OLS regressions with panel data to examine the impact of having leverage above or below the firm's target on its innovation activity.FindingsThe author shows that firms with below-target debt innovate more in terms of number of patents granted and have better quality innovations in terms of citation counts of patents and in terms of economic value of patents. The results hold for sample splits based on firm age, firm size and access to external finance. The author also shows that the findings are not driven by the negative correlation between leverage and innovation measures. Overall, the results indicate that it is not the actual level of leverage that impacts innovation; the relevant factor that impacts firm innovation is whether a firm is above or below its leverage target.Originality/valueThe author extends the literature on financing innovation by linking leverage target with firm innovation. Findings of this paper also provide supporting evidence that capital structure plays an important role on firm innovation and supplements prior literature that shows the importance of debt in financing firm innovation.

A Strategic Analysis of Patents for Healthcare Management

Patents related to healthcare management software and hardware have played an essential role in international competition in the healthcare field in recent years. The study aimed to conduct a strategic analysis of patents in healthcare management based on the theory of competitive strategy and expectation. The results can be an essential reference for the patent layout of healthcare-related enterprises and the promotion of the commercial value of patents. The study took the WIPS Global database as the object, adopted the keyword patent retrieval method, as well as retrieved and analysed 1,731,925 patent materials related to software and hardware for global healthcare management from 2012 to 2022. The Description, IP competitiveness, Applicant Ranking, Technical vs Market share, and Activity index of global patent abstracts were analysed. The results show that patents were divided by section as A (The number of human necessities patents is 6864, accounting for 7% of the total patents); B (performing operations &amp; transporting, 8379, 9%); G (physics, 47340, 49%); H (electricity, 27254, 28%). The results can be used as a reference for enterprises to carry out healthcare management patent layouts and promote commercial value.

Foreign direct investment and employee income share: Firm-level evidence

This paper explores the impact effect of foreign direct investment on the share of employee salary income at the firm-level in China. We find that: 1) FDI raises the share of employee salary income on average; 2) FDI raises the number of patents and total factor productivity, reflecting the promotion of technological advancement, which in turn raises the share of employee compensation income; and 3) macroeconomic downward pressure and industry market competition reinforces the effect of FDI on the increase of the share of employee compensation income. Our finding provide important policy implications for further enhancing the openness and internationalization.

For Future Investment, Empirical Study on Enterprise Participation in Basic Research in the Process of Digital Transformation

Basic research is the driver of advanced productivity and is an important guarantee for the market competitiveness of enterprise. In order to understand the influence of basic research on the development of China’s digital economy industry, this paper, based on structural equation model by collecting data from 209 enterprises in digital economy industry, explores the relationship between enterprise participation in basic research and four factors: enterprise efficiency, perceived risk, priority, and technological innovation, together with function mechanism. The results show that, first enterprises can improve efficiency, reduce potential risk concerns, and enhance technology level by expanding business revenue, enlarging scale, and upgrading R&amp;D institutions, thus promoting participation in basic research. At the same time, the government can provide more subsidies for enterprise R&amp;D funds to reduce enterprise concern about the risk of basic research, and guide them to expand their investment in R&amp;D and focus on basic research so as to expand their participation in this field. Secondly, the optimization of enterprise participation in basic research, the upgrading of R&amp;D institutions and the number of invention patents have mutually-reinforced effect, while the expansion of enterprise scale help to reduce the constraint of return risk to a certain extent. Finally, this paper proposes some policies and suggestions to enhance enterprise participation in basic research from the perspective of promoting industrial development and social equity.

The Unbearable Cost of Drug Development

The Unbearable Cost of Drug Development

Current Developments in Synthetic Protocols for Pyrazolines and Analogs

Abstract: The pyrazoline moiety is present in several commercialized molecules with a wide range of applications, which has established their importance in the pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial sectors. A large number of patents have been granted on research related to pyrazolines. Due to its broad-spectrum usefulness, scientists are continuously captivated by pyrazolines and their derivatives to study their chemistry. Several synthesis strategies can prepare pyrazolines or their analogs, and the focus will always be on new greener and more economical ways for its synthesis. Among all the methods, chalcones, hydrazines, diazo compounds, and hydrazones have been most commonly applied in different reaction conditions for the synthesis of pyrazoline and its analogs synthesis. However, there are a lot of scopes for other molecules like Huisgen zwitter ions, different metal catalysts, and nitrile imine to be used as starting reagents. The presented article consists of recently reported synthetic protocols of pyrazoline and its derivatives, which will be very useful to the researchers.

Low-carbon electricity technology transformation in Chinese universities

Purpose With the growing climate problem, it has become a consensus to develop low-carbon technologies to reduce emissions. Electric industry is a major carbon-emitting industry, accounting for 35% of global carbon emissions. Universities, as an important patent application sector in China, promote their patent application and transformation to enhance Chinese technological innovation capability. This study aims to analyze low-carbon electricity technology transformation in Chinese universities. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses IncoPat to collect patent data. The trend of low-carbon electricity technology patent applications in Chinese universities, the status, patent technology distribution, patent transformation status and patent transformation path of valid patent is analyzed. Findings Low-carbon electricity technology in Chinese universities has been promoted, and the number of patents has shown rapid growth. Invention patents proportion is increasing, and the transformation has become increasingly active. Low-carbon electricity technology in Chinese universities is mainly concentrated in individual cooperative patent classification (CPC) classification numbers, and innovative technologies will be an important development for electric reduction. Originality/value This paper innovatively uses valid patents to study the development of low-carbon electricity technology in Chinese universities, and defines low-carbon technology patents by CPC patent classification system. A new attempt focuses on the development status and direction in low-carbon electricity technology in Chinese universities, and highlights the contribution of valid patents to patent value.

Evolution and Prospects of Hydrothermal Carbonization

Hydrothermal carbonization enables the valorization of biomass via thermochemical conversion into various products. Today, this technology is experiencing a situation similar to that experienced in the past by other process technologies. Of these technologies, some have become important industrial realities, such as reverse osmosis, while others have never been able to establish themselves fully. This paper presents a brief overview of this technology’s current status, highlighting its strengths and various drawbacks. The primary purpose of the research activity is to identify a possible future scenario toward which this technology is heading. Hydrothermal carbonization has already been established on a laboratory scale for some time, and now it is in a transitional phase between pilot-scale and industrial-scale applications. The interest that HTC has aroused and continues to arouse is evidenced by the growing number of publications and patents published. In particular, the uniform percentage of patents filed in various countries testifies to the worldwide interest. This technology has advantages but also some bottlenecks that have yet to be overcome. Process integration, higher-capacity plants, and the use of Industry 4.0 technologies seem to be the most interesting options to overcome the last limiting factors and make hydrothermal carbonization an established industrial reality.

The Role of Research and Development (R&amp;D) on Gross Domestic Products (GDP) (Case Study USA, China, Japan, Germany and the UK)

Research and Development (R&amp;D) is an activity that is considered to be able to increase the country's productivity. R&amp;D activities can produce the latest technological findings supporting the output production process. This research uses the USA, China, Japan, Germany, and the UK as research objects or case studies with 1996-2018 observation years. These five countries are developed countries and are the top five countries with the highest nominal GDP in the world. The main objective of this study is to examine the role of R&amp;D in economic growth as measured by GDP. The dependent variable in this study is economic growth (GDP). In contrast, the independent variables include the ratio of R&amp;D spending to GDP, the number of patents, the number of workers, the ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP, and total factor productivity. By using the standard effect model, this study confirms that all independent variables simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in the five countries that are the research object. As for partially, the ratio of R&amp;D expenditure to GDP and the number of patents does not have a positive and significant effect on economic growth.

An overview study on the TL and OSL dosimetry patent processes over time

Since its discovery, ionizing radiation has been used in many different applications. Materials and methods have been developed to measure and quantify radiation doses. Thermoluminescence (TL) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) are two techniques used for radiation dosimetry. Both TL and OSL are primarily applied in several areas, such as dating of ancient materials, equipment quality control and individual monitoring. One of the parameters to measure the knowledge and development of a technology is the number of patents related to the field. In this work, we established a methodology for patent search on the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) database aiming to review the development of TL and OSL dosimetry over time. We concluded that along with the OSL technique development, the TL technique should continue to be explored in radiation dosimetry.

Impact of Patent Signal on Firm’s Performance at IPO: An Empirical Analysis of Japanese Firms

This study investigates whether patents can be a useful signaling tool for the IPO performances among high- and low-tech firms. Literature has provided a wealth of evidence confirming a significant relationship between patent signal and capital-raising success for US and EU venture capital-backed firms and start-ups in specific industries. Therefore, this paper focuses on the IPO firms from a more risk-averse market, Japan, to fill in the gaps in the literature, examining the signaling effect of patent applications prior to initial public offering (IPO) to the amount raised at IPO. Moreover, we examine whether patent applications prior to IPO from high-tech have relatively weaker signaling effects to compare with low-tech IPOs. Using the OLS model for 338 Japanese IPOs listed between 2000 and 2015, the result shows a robust and positive association between the number of patents before an IPO and the amount of cash raised during the IPO. The finding confirms that patents are a reliable signal for IPOs in the Japanese context. Using OECD industry categorization to classify high-tech and low-tech IPOs, our OLS result found that the interaction impact between the high-tech dummy and the quantity of patent applications before IPO is significantly negative to the amount of cash generated at IPO. The findings hold for a new set of high-tech and low-tech firms when we used a new industrial categorization proposed by Thomson Reuters, leading us to conclude that for the Japanese companies that belong to the high-tech industry sector, patenting activities fail to have a positive signal for the IPO.

Improved multi-criteria decision making method integrating machine learning for patent competitive potential Evaluation：A case study in water pollution abatement technology

Water Pollution Abatement (WPA) plays a pivotal part in ensuring water safety, but the key to developing WPA technology is a small number of high-value patents. This paper proposes an improved multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method integrating machine learning, which is applied to patent evaluation for the first time to effectively distinguish between patents of different categories of competitive potential, aiming to deepen the value understanding of the WPA industry technology. In this method, the set of reference points in AHPSort II is improved by integrating machine learning from the equidistant to automatic searching, and the original linear interpolation is modified by the curvilinear interpolation of cubic polynomial, which is more in line with the characteristics of patent data and improves the accuracy of the estimates. As an example, the 135 patents granted by the USA in WPA technology are presented: 5 patents at the T1 level, 87 patents at the T2 level, and the remaining 43 T3 level patents were identified by this method. Finally, through analyzing these T1 high-value patents, the inspirations for the development of WPA technology in China are put forward.

Research on the impact of corporate social responsibility information disclosure and corporate innovation in China

China started to implement a new system in 2008, asking fractional companies to make public their corporate social responsibility information disclosure. The financial and corporate governance data of Chinese A-share listed businesses from 2007 to 2016 was gathered in order to determine any potential relationships between the mandated corporate social responsibility disclosure system and company patents. According to the two opposite hypotheses of the information hypothesis and reputation hypothesis, the results show that the number of patents of companies surveyed has increased significantly after the implement of the policy of mandatory CSR disclosure. Additionally, after companys patents are separated into invention type patents and utility models, industrial design (non-invention type) patents, invention type patents significantly increase in comparison. This means that the information hypothesis has been supported more. CSR disclosure can effectively alleviate the information asymmetry existed in the internal of the enterprise, increase shareholders confidence, and reduce the problems of corporate financial restrictions. Several robustness tests have proved that the model and conclusions are both steady. This may provide a reference for the government to improve the mandatory disclosure policy further and help improve the capital market development in China.

Development of Ecosystem for Corporate Green Innovation: Resource Dependency Theory Perspective

Although research on green innovation has increased dramatically in recent years, little is known about the system mechanisms for the innovation. Grounded in the resource dependency theory (RDT) and national innovation system (NIS) literature, this study examines the ecosystem in promoting green innovation from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. This study constructs a Nash-Cournot equilibrium to address the effects of national green innovation systems on corporate green innovation. Using data of 2136 A-share listed enterprises, 31 provincial-level R&amp;D data, and 329 prefectural-level government annual work reports in China, this study finds that corporate collaboration, government subsidies, regional university R&amp;D intensity, long-term credit, and government attention enhance the number of green innovation patents and patent diversity. Government attention strengthens the positive effects of corporate R&amp;D cooperation, government subsidies, R&amp;D intensity of regional research institutions, and long-term credit on the number of green innovation patents.

Current situation of acupuncture and moxibustion patents in China and abroad

The patents of acupuncture and moxibustion in China and abroad was analyzed, aiming to provide support for the innovative development of acupuncture industry. With the China Think Tank of Patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the PatSnap database as data sources, based on the mathematical statistics method, the application trend, legal status, patent types, transformation and distribution of major technical fields of acupuncture patents in China and abroad were analyzed. As a result, a total of 53,422 acupuncture patents were screened, involving 49 countries and 4 organizations. The patent types were mainly utility model patents. Although the application number of acupuncture patent had increased rapidly, the average patent conversion rate was generally low, approximately 4%. In the context of global economic integration, the acupuncture industry is developing at a high speed. It is suggested to take advantage of the "Belt and Road Initiative" to improve the international acceptance of acupuncture and moxibustion, adhere to the principle of attaching equal importance to the number and quality of patents, promote the in-depth cooperation of industry-university-research, and promote high-quality development of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Forty Years of Automated Patent Classification

The continuous development of technology increases the number of new inventions and thus the number of patents. Each new technology is assigned to one of the existing patent classes, otherwise, a new technology must be added to the patent classes. These processes support the development of automated patent classification methods and articles on this subject. For decades, studies have been conducted in the field of automatic patent classification. In this paper, the studies and pat ents published in this field have been evaluated using a bibliometric approach. The most referenced important studies on this subject are examined in detail, the analysis is detailed by making the pioneering authors of the field, journals, countries, assignees, etc., the focal point. The most recent developments in the field have been examined and evaluations have been presented regarding topics that are likely to be studied in the future.