Number Of Panicle Branches Research Articles

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK LIMBAH KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH SERTA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI SAWAH TADAH HUJAN

Rainfed rice fields are rice fields whose irrigation systems rely heavily on rainfall, this type of rice fields only produces in the rainy season. This rainfed rice field is categorized as marginal land lacking in nutrients. So this study aims to determine the effect of organic fertilizer from palm oil waste on the chemical properties of rainfed lowland rice, on the growth and production of rainfed lowland rice plants, as well as which fertilizer provides the best growth and production of rainfed lowland rice. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of one treatment, with 22% and 11% of different tangkos ashes, namely; 1) The dose of MF 22 consists of 5 levels, namely: P0 = Without treatment, P1 = 22% tangkos ash plus 6.25 g/plot organic fertilizer, P4 = 22% tangkos ash plus 124 g/plot organic fertilizer, P7 Tangkos ash = 22% added with organic fertilizer 166 g/plot, P10 = 22% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 207 g/plot, 2) Dosage of MF 11 consists of 5 levels, namely: P0 = Without Treatment, P1 = 11% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 6.25 g/plot, P4 = 11% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 124 g/plot, P7 = 11% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 166 g/plot, P10 = 11% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 207 g/plot. The results showed that organic fertilizer from palm oil waste was able to increase the nutrient content of organic N, P, K, C, CEC and pH in paddy soil. The application of organic fertilizer from oil palm waste had an effect on plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, number of panicles and the weight of 1000 grains, but had no effect on the number of panicle branches, straw wet weight, straw dry weight, and the dose of organic fertilizer from palm oil waste. the best is 22% tangkos ash added with organic fertilizer 207 g/plot is better than other treatments.

Diallel Analysis for Quantitative Traits in Rice Germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) Across Locations

A diallel cross from seven parents and their F1 hybrids were evaluated across three locations using a Randomized complete block design with three replications for their quantitative traits performance. Parameters assessed include plant heights, days to 50% headings, panicle lengths, panicle weights, number of seeds per panicle, number of productive tillers, number of panicle branches, yield per plots which were extrapolated to yield in tonnes per hectare and 100 grain weights. Results obtained showed a significant difference among parents and F1 hybrids performance across different locations evaluated. GCA and SCA effects were computed, variance components that is additive, dominance, heritability in both narrow sense and broad sense were also computed.

Response of some rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) to spraying with a natural honey solution and effect on growth and yield characteristics

The field experiment for the current study was carried out at the rice research station in Najaf governorate, affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. To know the response of three cultivars of rice to spraying with the natural honey solution at different. The factorial experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed the significant effect of the various study factors with their interactions on the characteristics of the present study, as the honey solution spray treatment at 6 g. l-1 was superior to cultivar Ambar 33 in plant height and number of panicle branches (same as cultivar Mashkhab 1 with the same concentration). The number of grains in panicle, panicle length, 1000 grain weight and fertility percentage (same as cultivar Jasmine with the same concentration) achieved 67.7%, 88.3%, 104.5%, 52.7%, 21.3% and 148% increase for the traits, respectively compared to control treatment. As for the result, the spray treatment of cultivar Jasmine with a concentration of 6 g.l-1 with the natural honey solution was superior in giving the highest grain yield with an increase of 45.6%. Keywords: rice cultivars, spraying, honey, growth, yield.

Valorization and Analysis of Flax Traits in Selected Accessions of Diversified Origin from the Linum usitatissimum L. Genetic Resources Collection

ABSTRACT Genetic resources of flax from different geographical regions have been gathered in Poland since the 1930s. The aim of the research was to evaluate morphological and agricultural traits of 20 flax accessions, to determine the ranges of variability, and to develop the results in the form required for International Flax Database (IFDB) development. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with post hoc tests (least significant differences), canonical correlations, and Mahalanobis distances. The results of the analysis (ANOVA) proved that five traits of flax varieties differ significantly: plant height, technical length, slenderness, 1000 seeds weight, and seed yield. The ranges of variability of flax genotypes: total plant length: 58.05 cm−92.8 cm; technical length: 44.7–78.6 cm; stem thickness: 1.42–2.18 mm; slenderness: 246–474; panicle length: 10.05–21.55 cm; number of panicle branches: 3.4–6.2; number of capsules per plant: 5.15–19.7; number of seeds in capsule: 6.24–7.86; 1000 seeds weight: 4.82 g − 7.72 g. The results of the investigation could provide an important step of initial material selection for breeding of new varieties as well as information for entrepreneurs and private consumers and by students and scientists for their research.

Influence of soil water content on growth and panicle production of fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum)

AbstractFall panicum is a problematic weed in cropping systems including rice in southern Florida. There is limited information on growth and reproductive ability of fall panicum in water-stressed environments. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% pot soil water content (SWC) levels on fall panicum growth and panicle branch production under greenhouse conditions. Fall panicum height, number of leaves, and tillers decreased over time as SWC decreased. Fall panicum height decreased by 65% and 50% at 12.5% and 25% SWC, respectively, relative to height achieved at 100% SWC. Plants at 50% to 100% SWC were able to achieve 50% tiller production within 31 to 43 d compared with 28 d at 25% SWC. The 50% tiller production was not reached at 12.5% SWC during the duration of the study. Fall panicum shoot and root biomass, total leaf area, and number of panicle branches per plant at 56 d after SWC treatment initiation decreased as SWC decreased. Fall panicum biomass decreased 83% to 85% and 66% to 68% at 12.5% and 25% SWC, respectively, relative to 100% SWC. Leaf area declined 79% and 65% at 12.5% and 25% SWC levels, respectively, compared to the 100% SWC. Fall panicum was able to produce panicles at all SWC levels, although the plant produced significantly fewer panicle branches as SWC decreased. Plants at 12.5% and 25% SWC produced 82% and 59% fewer panicle branches, respectively, compared with plants at 100% SWC. This study shows that SWC influences the growth and reproductive capacity of fall panicum. Although fall panicum did not reach its full growth potential at low SWC levels, it was able to survive and develop panicles, showing its ability to adapt and reproduce under dry conditions.

Analyzing the Variability and Correlation in M4 Mutants of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) Grown in Southern India

Kodo millet is one of the underutilized lost crops that has renowned nutritional and climate resilient traits. As a gluten free nutricereal, it is now being consumed in a fashion similar to that of rice and several value-added products are arising in the market day by day. Hence, this study on variability and correlation in M4 mutants have been carried out to favor superior varietal development in kodo millet to sustain nutritional security in future. In this study, around 635 M4 mutants were evaluated during Kharif 2019 on Millet Breeding Station of Coimbatore (India), with thirteen morphological traits. Among all, high PCV and GCV values were observed in plant height, panicle length, flag leaf length, seeds per panicle, culm thickness and seed yield. This presented the presence of genetic variability in the population. The prospects of effective selection with high heritability and genetic advance were exhibited by plant height, panicle length, panicle branches, flag leaf length, flag leaf breadth, seeds per panicle, stomatal number, chlorophyll index, culm thickness and seed yield per plant due to the presence of additive gene action. The correlation among traits towards yield revealed the significant positive correlation of all traits except for culm thickness and the highest associated traits were seeds per panicle and number of panicle branches. Therefore, these traits could be further focused for selection and improvement of yield in successive generations and other kodo breeding programs.

Combining Ability Estimates and Heterosis for Yield and Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Nigeria

The study was carried out to determine the combining ability estimates and heterosis for yield and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Nigeria. A seven plant diallel was planted across three locations using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Parameters assessed include days to 50% heading, plant heights, panicle lengths, panicle weights, number of seeds per panicle, number of productive tillers, number of panicle branches, yields per hectare, 100 grain weight. Assessment of GCA and SCA were carried out. Percentage heterosis were also determined for all traits studied. Significantly higher yield was recorded by P5, P4, P3, P6, P7, P2, and P1 with means of 5.86t/ha, 5.26 t/ha, 5.09 t/ha, 4.94 t/ha, 4.91 t/ha, 4.74 t/ha and 4.49 t/ha respectively across three locations studied. Hybrids P1xP5, P3xP6, P4xP7, P3xP5 produced significantly higher yields of 6.14 t/ha, 6.13 t/ha, 6.22 t/ha), 6.95 t/ha compared to their parental means. Similarly, significant difference were recorded in all other traits studied among parents and hybrids. GCA means squares were significantly higher than that of SCA for most of the traits studied. Additive variance was shown to predominate for plant heights and productive tillers while dominance was higher in yield per plants. Narrow sense heritability was higher on days to flowering, plant heights, panicle length and productive tillers. Yield in general was found to be significantly higher for combining ability in P5, P3 and P4. The overall GCA status for the ten agronomical traits studied showed that P5, P3, P1 and P2 are higher general combiners. Hybrids P3xP5, P5xP6, P2xP3, P5xP7 and P2xP7 produced higher total overall SCA, however, some produced more dominance on a particular trait than others. Both positive and negative heterosis for mid-parent, standard and better parent were also observed.

OsRAMOSA2 Shapes Panicle Architecture through Regulating Pedicel Length.

The panicle architecture of rice is an important characteristic that influences reproductive success and yield. It is largely determined by the number and length of the primary and secondary branches. The number of panicle branches is defined by the inflorescence meristem state between determinacy and indeterminacy; for example, the maize ramosa2 (ra2) mutant has more branches in its tassel through loss of spikelet determinacy. Some genes and factors influencing the number of primary and secondary branches have been studied, but little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying pedicel development, which also influences panicle architecture. We report here that rice OsRAMOSA2 (OsRA2) gene modifies panicle architecture through regulating pedicel length. Ectopic expression of OsRA2 resulted in a shortened pedicel while inhibition of OsRA2 through RNA interference produced elongated pedicel. In addition, OsRA2 influenced seed morphology. The OsRA2 protein localized to the nucleus and showed transcriptional activation in yeast; in accordance with its function in pedicel development, OsRA2 mRNA was enriched in the anlagen of axillary meristems, such as primary and secondary branch meristems and the spikelet meristems of young panicles. This indicates a conserved role of OsRA2 for shaping the initial steps of inflorescence architecture. Genetic analysis revealed that OsRA2 may control panicle architecture using the same pathway as that of the axillary meristem gene LAX1 (LAX PANICLE1). Moreover, OsRA2 acted downstream of RCN2 in regulating pedicel and branch lengths, but upstream of RCN2 for control of the number of secondary branches, indicating that branch number and length development in the panicle were respectively regulated using parallel pathway. Functional conservation between OsRA2 and AtLOB, and the conservation and diversification of RA2 in maize and rice are also discussed.

KARAKTER VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF BEBERAPA VARIETAS PADI SENSITIF ALUMINIUM

Vegetative and Generative Characters of Aluminium Sensitive Rice Varieties. Aluminium (Al) tolerant mechanism in rice has not been fully understood. The objective of this research was to study the vegetative and generative characters of Al sensitive rice varieties. Five days old of rice seedlings were growned on minimum culture solution containing 15 ppm of Al for 72 hours and then transferred to non Al-treated culture solution for 48 hours. The selected seedlings was measured based on RRG value. RRG value was determined based on after Al-stress. This research was held at Greenhouse in Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatera Utara, Medan, from May until October 2012, using latin square Design with treatment that was rice varieties: Inpari 3, Inpari 4, Inpari 10, Inpari 12 and Inpari 13. Data analysis showed that varieties with Altreated were significantly different the vegetative stage, the flower initation, the time of harvesting and the generative stage time. Varieties were not significantly different the plant height, the number of tillers, the number of productive tiller, the panicle length, the flag leaf length, the number of panicle branches, the number of empty grain per panicle, the grain weight per panicle and the 1000 grain weight. Keywords : Varieties, Al Sensitive, Root Re-Growth, Vegetative Characters, Generative Characters

Phenotypic diversity in sorghum landraces from Kenya

Characterisation of the available Kenyan sorghum genetic diversity is important for understanding the dynamics of the genetic resources and for improving and sustaining sorghum productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the extent and structure of diversity in sorghum landraces from Kenya. Phenotypic data were used to assess diversity in 148 sorghum accessions collected from Western, Turkana, Coast and Eastern regions of Kenya. The accessions were phenotyped using qualitative and quantitative morphological characters. Most of the accessions were high yielding as revealed by the means of panicle branches (43), panicle length (21cm), and grain weight (1.5g). Majority of the sorghums were late maturing and tall as shown by the mean number of days to 50% flowering (88 days), number of leaves and nodes. Turkana and coast sorghums had similarities in maturity, height and panicle length. The number of panicle branches had the highest Broad-sense heritability (0.957). Majority of the sorghumshad dull green midrib (49.55%), no basal tillers (83%), had waxy bloom (39.64%) and produced prop roots (87%). Loose and semi-loose erect panicles dominated (69%) while 83% of the accessions had slightly exerted peduncles. The two Eigen values in PCA explained 67% of the total variance. Phenotypic cluster analysis gave two major groups subdivided into four sub clusters.

Biometrical character interrelationship and morphological variations in some upland rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties

This paper aims to evaluate and classify some upland rice varieties based on their morphological characteristics. The data used in the study was obtained from National Cereal Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi -Nigeria. The study consists of 25 upland rice cultivars, which were extracted from 100 rice varieties ergo-listed in the institute. The experiment was conducted at Edozhigi in north- central Nigeria. The experimentwas laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and sixteen agro-morphological characters measured on each of the experimental plots. Preliminary analysis of variance showed that the cultivars were significantly different (p< 0.05) in their plant height and leaf length and highly significant (p

Studies on the growth habit of rice varieties : 1. Influence of tiller limiting upon the growth

1. Two varieties, Taihei-mochi as a variety of many-panicle and Toyokuni as that of heavy-panicle type were subjected to an experiment, in which later tillers of plants other than the limited number of stems, ie. 1, 5, 10 or 15 including main stem, were cut off as soon as they appeared, and the plants were compared with those left free. 2. Compensation effect of tiller limiting was most remarkably observed in increase of average panicle weight, the increase being mainly caused by increased average number of grains. Number of panicle branches, panicle length, and proportion of fertile grains to the total number of grains increased in this order. Increases were the cases also in number of nodes and length of main culm. 3. The conspicuous increase of the number of grains on single panicle as an effect of tiller limiting is due largely to intensified density of glume setting. 4. With regard to the compensational effects, ear growth and enrichment predominate over stem elongation; and elongation of uppermost internode does over that of the other part of the stem. 5. Another phase of compensation effects was acceleration in development of main-stem leaves, elongation of plant hight and heading time. Promotion of the ear growth and enrichment, at that time, predominates also over acceleration of the growth of other vegetative organs. 6. The grades of increase or acceleration by tiller limiting were larger in Taihei- mochi than in Toyokuni as to number of main-culm nodes, heading time, main-culm length and perdentage fertile grains. Acceleration of stem elongation became markedly to decline towards heading time, and the declination was more distinctive in Toyokuni than in Taihei-mochi. In number of panicle branches, somewhat larger grade of increase was recognized in Toyokuni, while no appreciable difference was shown between the two varieties as to increased grades in panicle length, single-panicle weight and number of grains of single panicle. Possible mechanisms of these phenomena were discussed.