Number Of Pairs Research Articles

Optimized Python library for reconstruction of ensemble-based gene co-expression networks using multi-GPU

Gene co-expression networks are valuable tools for discovering biologically relevant information within gene expression data. However, analysing large datasets presents challenges due to the identification of nonlinear gene–gene associations and the need to process an ever-growing number of gene pairs and their potential network connections. These challenges mean that some experiments are discarded because the techniques do not support these intense workloads. This paper presents pyEnGNet, a Python library that can generate gene co-expression networks in High-performance computing environments. To do this, pyEnGNet harnesses CPU and multi-GPU parallel computing resources, efficiently handling large datasets. These implementations have optimised memory management and processing, delivering timely results. We have used synthetic datasets to prove the runtime and intensive workload improvements. In addition, pyEnGNet was used in a real-life study of patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with invasive aspergillosis and was able to detect biological perspectives in the study.

Making Judgments of Learning Either Enhances or Impairs Memory: Evidence From 17 Experiments With Related and Unrelated Word Pairs

Published studies found that predicting one’s future memory during learning (judgments of learning, JOLs) consistently improved cued-recall performance for related word pairs. In contrast, making JOLs had inconsistent effects on memory for unrelated pairs, with most studies finding null effects and some finding detrimental effects. This study reports data from 17 experiments in which participants either made or did not make JOLs for related and unrelated word pairs in their everyday language. Making JOLs increased the difference in memory performance between related and unrelated pairs in every experiment. Although almost all experiments showed numerically positive JOL reactivity for related pairs and numerically negative JOL reactivity for unrelated pairs, either effect was reliable in just half of the experiments. Small-scale meta-analyses revealed small-to-moderate positive reactivity for related pairs and small-to-moderate negative reactivity for unrelated pairs. Language of word pairs (German, Hebrew, or English) moderated positive reactivity and experimental setting (controlled or unsupervised online) moderated negative reactivity, but none of the other moderators we examined—presence of an additional pair type, study time, total number of pairs—impacted reactivity. Experiments that showed positive reactivity for related pairs tended not to show negative reactivity for unrelated pairs, and vice versa. Overall, these findings indicate that negative JOL reactivity for unrelated pairs is similarly large and robust as positive reactivity for related pairs. They favor the cue-strengthening hypothesis with dual-task costs over other accounts and raise the practically relevant possibility that monitoring could have detrimental effects on learning in educational settings. All data are freely available online.

What Fechner could not do: Separating perceptual encoding and decoding with difference scaling.

A key question in perception research is how stimulus variations translate into perceptual magnitudes, that is, the perceptual encoding process. As experimenters, we cannot probe perceptual magnitudes directly, but infer the encoding process from responses obtained in a psychophysical experiment. The most prominent experimental technique to measure perceptual appearance is matching, where observers adjust a probe stimulus to match a target in its appearance along the dimension of interest. The resulting data quantify the perceived magnitude of the target in physical units of the probe, and are thus an indirect expression of the underlying encoding process. In this paper, we show analytically and in simulation that data from matching tasks do not sufficiently constrain perceptual encoding functions, because there exist an infinite number of pairs of encoding functions that generate the same matching data. We use simulation to demonstrate that maximum likelihood conjoint measurement (Ho, Landy, & Maloney, 2008; Knoblauch & Maloney, 2012) does an excellent job of recovering the shape of ground truth encoding functions from data that were generated with these very functions. Finally, we measure perceptual scales and matching data for White's effect (White, 1979) and show that the matching data can be predicted from the estimated encoding functions, down to individual differences.

Effects of an extreme weather event over reproduction and survival of Great Tits (Parus major) in eastern Spain

The frequency of extreme climatic and weather events has increased since 1950 due to global changes induced by human influence. These events can have significant impacts at the individual, population, and community levels across various taxonomic groups. They can be particularly detrimental to bird populations during their breeding season, affecting specific breeding parameters. This study originated from an exceptionally rare breeding season of a resident Great Tit population recorded in spring 2002 when an unusual mortality of nestlings was observed. We quantified weather conditions (temperature, rainfall) from the end of April, a few days before we started detecting failed nests, and compared them with previous and subsequent years. In early May, when many pairs were incubating or caring for newly hatched chicks, we detected unusually low ambient temperatures and unusually high rainfall. This event likely caused that many first clutches failed completely, and that, compared with previous and subsequent years, fledging and breeding success was relatively low in those which were successful. There was also an increased proportion of replacement clutches that year. Anyway, the overall production of fledglings per breeding pair over the breeding season was 2.39, lower than other years. Although recruitment rate in 2003 was similar to other years, the lower production of fledglings in 2002 probably resulted in a decrease in the number of breeding pairs in the following years.

Gated independence in graphs

If G=(V,E) is a (finite and simple) graph, we call an independent set X a gated independent set in G if for each x∈X, there exists a neighbor y of x such that (X∖{x})∪{y} is an independent set in G. We define the gated independence numbergi(G) of G to be the maximum cardinality of a gated independent set in G. We demonstrate that the gated independence number is closely related to both matching and domination parameters of graphs. We prove that the inequalities im(G)⩽gi(G)⩽mur(G) hold for every graph G, where im(G) and mur(G) denote the induced and uniquely restricted matching numbers of G. On the other hand, we show that γi(G)⩽gi(G) and γpr(G)⩽2gi(G) for every graph G without any isolated vertex, where γi(G) and γpr(G) denote the independence and paired domination numbers. Furthermore, we provide bounds on the gated independence number involving the order, size and maximum degree. In particular, we prove that gi(G)⩾n5 for every n-vertex subcubic graph G without any isolated vertex or any component isomorphic to K3,3, and gi(B)⩽3n8 for every n-vertex connected cubic bipartite graph B.

Political Attitude of the 212 Alumni towards Muhaimin Iskandar as a Candidate for Vice Presidentiality of Anies Baswedan

The General Election is an event where the public can choose their leaders openly and compete between the three presidential candidates, namely Lt. Gen. TNI (Ret.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo, H. Ganjar Pranowo, S.H., M.I.P., and H. Anies Rasyid Baswedan, S.E., M.P.P., Ph.D. The third candidate certainly has their strategy for selecting a vice presidential candidate and how to campaign. Anies Rasyid Baswedan and Muhaimin Iskandar, as candidate pair number 1, experienced many challenges in getting public support. This research aims to explore the political attitudes of the Persaudaraan Alumni 212 community organization using interpretative qualitative methods to understand social phenomena through Bryman's interpretation process. Meanwhile, to find out the extent of the truth of the research, the author uses qualitative data analysis techniques starting from data collection and data analysis, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the research show that, on average, the administrators and members of the Persaudaraan Alumni 212 showed cognitive, affective and conative components regarding Muhaimin Iskandar's candidacy as Anies' vice-presidential candidate, who then ultimately accepted candidate number 1 because of the mental that resulted from joint deliberations and produced Itjima Ulama.

Slips of the tongue in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

BackgroundMotor and vocal tics are the main symptom of Gilles de la Tourette-syndrome (GTS). A particular complex vocal tic comprises the utterance of swear words, termed coprolalia. Since taboo words are socially inappropriate, they are normally suppressed by people, which implies cognitive control processes.MethodTo investigate the control of the unintentional pronunciation of taboo words and the associated processes of conflict monitoring, we used the “Spoonerisms of Laboratory Induced Predisposition” (SLIP) paradigm. Participants read multiple inductor word pairs with the same phonemes, followed by pronouncing a target pair with inverse phonemes. This led to a conflict between two competing speech plans: the correct word pair and the word pair with inverted phonemes. Latter speech error, a spoonerism, could result in a neutral or taboo word. We investigated 19 patients with GTS and 23 typically developed controls (TDC) and measured participants’ electroencephalography (EEG) during the SLIP task.ResultsAt the behavioral level less taboo than neutral word spoonerisms occurred in both groups without significant differences. Event-related brain potentials (ERP) revealed a difference between taboo and neutral word conditions in the GTS group at the midline electrodes in a time range of 250–400 ms after the speech prompt, which was not found in the TDC group. The extent of this effect depended on the number of inductor word pairs, suggesting an increasing level of cognitive control in the GTS group.ConclusionThe differences between taboo and neutral word conditions in patients with GTS compared to TDC suggest an altered recruitment of cognitive control processes in GTS, likely enlisted to suppress taboo words.

Stability mapping of bipartite tight-binding graphs with losses and gain: PTPT-symmetry and beyond.

We consider bipartite tight-binding graphs composed by N nodes split into two sets of equal size: one set containing nodes with on-site loss, the other set having nodes with on-site gain. The nodes are connected randomly with probability p. Specifically, we measure the connectivity between the two sets with the parameter α, which is the ratio of current adjacent pairs over the total number of possible adjacent pairs between the sets. For general undirected-graph setups, the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H(γ,α,N) of this model presents pseudo-Hermiticity, where γ is the loss/gain strength. However, we show that for a given graph setup H(γ,α,N) becomes PT-symmetric. In both scenarios (pseudo-Hermiticity and PT-symmetric), depending on the parameter combination, the spectra of H(γ,α,N) can be real even when it is non-Hermitian. Then we demonstrate, for both setups, that there is a well-defined sector of the γα-plane (which grows with N) where the spectrum of H(γ,α,N) is predominantly real.

АНАЛІЗ АЛГОРИТМІВ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ЗІТКНЕНЬ У ТРИВИМІРНИХ ВІРТУАЛЬНИХ СЕРЕДОВИЩАХ

The problem addressed in this paper concerns the real-time detection of collisions in virtual environments, which can consume a significant portion of computational re-sources, particularly in complex simulations with numerous objects. Ensuring a minimum frame rate of 30 FPS is crucial for user-friendly simulations. The focus is on the narrow phase of collision detection, where objects in close proximity are examined for potential collisions. This paper proposes a collision detection algorithm leveraging Directed Bounding Parallels (AABB) R-tree structure and Oriented Bounding Parallelepiped Inter-section (OAABB) method to address this phase efficiently. Experimental results demon-strate the effectiveness of the algorithm in detecting intersections with high interaction rates. Various publicly available toolkits exist for narrow phase collision detection, em-ploying different bounding volume hierarchies and constraint volumes. Comparing these approaches is challenging due to performance variations influenced by factors such as object shapes, contact types, and model sizes. Nonetheless, these algorithms are crucial for accurately detecting collisions in virtual environments and gaming applications. Bounding Volume Hierarchies (BVH), commonly used for collision detection, organ-ize object geometry and improve performance by reducing test pair numbers through vol-ume constraints. The proposed algorithm utilizes R-tree hierarchies of directed bounding parallelepipeds and OAABB to enhance collision detection efficiency by minimizing up-date and intersect operations. The choice of constraint volume type impacts collision de-tection performance, with oriented parallelepipeds offering faster intersections. To expedite collision detection, each feature is represented by an R-tree data struc-ture in its local coordinate system. Hierarchical trees are constructed by grouping adja-cent surfaces, with leaves indicating surface geometry. Additionally, R-trees are em-ployed to spatially organize triangles within surfaces to quickly discard non-intersecting triangles. The algorithm leverages OAABB, a concept involving the common volume between two oriented bounding parallelepipeds, to filter out primitives that cannot intersect. Tra-versal algorithms are utilized to reduce the number of node visits, addressing inefficien-cies observed in traditional schemes. OAABB contributes significantly to reducing volume refresh operations. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the proposed algorithm's efficacy in real-world industrial applications, achieving interactive performance. Comparisons with al-ternative methods highlight the algorithm's effectiveness in collision detection. Overall, the proposed approach offers a robust solution to the narrow phase collision detection problem in virtual environments.

Fabrication and Implementation of PVA Thin Film-based Relative Humidity Sensor

This paper presents the fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based relative humidity sensors using copper interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). These sensors were fabricated by patterning copper IDEs onto FR4 fiberglass substrates and coating them with a thin film of PVA. By varying the number of IDE electrode pairs and the concentration of PVA, the sensors exhibited different resistance values, demonstrating an inverse relationship with the number of IDE electrodes and PVA concentration. Additionally, the thickness of the sensing layer, controlled by spin coating speed, affected the resistance of the sensors. The fabricated sensors achieved a humidity measurement range from 50% to 99% RH based on resistance changes. Furthermore, an interface circuit was designed to integrate the fabricated sensors with an ESP8266 microcontroller, achieving accurate measurements above 74% RH.

Natural Orbitals and Sparsity of Quantum Mutual Information.

Natural orbitals, defined in electronic structure and quantum chemistry as the molecular orbitals diagonalizing the one-particle reduced density matrix of the ground state, have been conjectured for decades to be the perfect reference orbitals to describe electron correlation. In the present work we applied the Wave function-Adapted Hamiltonian Through Orbital Rotation (WAHTOR) method to study correlated empirical ansätze for quantum computing. In all representative molecules considered, we show that the converged orbitals are coinciding with natural orbitals. Interestingly, the resulting quantum mutual information matrix built on such orbitals is also maximally sparse, providing a clear picture that such orbital choice is indeed able to provide the optimal basis to describe electron correlation. The correlation is therefore encoded in a smaller number of qubit pairs contributing to the quantum mutual information matrix.

Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Energy Nanogenerator with Variable‐Frequency Effect Inspired by Magnetic Gears for Efficient Use of Low‐Speed Flow Energy

In the macrocontext of a low‐carbon and energy‐efficient economy, the rise of new energy vehicles is expected to replace traditional fuel vehicles. However, with the increasing number of new energy vehicles, the source of electricity for charging facilities faces new challenges. This study proposes a triboelectric–electromagnetic energy hybrid nanogenerator (VF‐TEMG) with a variable‐frequency effect inspired by an axial magnetic gear. The unit consists of one triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) unit and two electromagnetic generator (EMG) units. The TENG unit employs a ternary dielectric structure to achieve kilovoltage output and reduce torque. Moreover, charging efficiency is enhanced using a mixture of high voltage from the TENG and EMG high current. Using the magnetic field modulation principle, the magnetic poles, which are produced by the low‐speed rotor permanent magnets, are modulated by a pole‐modulating piece into a magnetic pole harmonic equal to the number of pairs of high‐speed rotor permanent magnets. Consequently, when the low‐speed rotor starts to rotate, it drives the high‐speed rotor to rotate at high speed, thereby achieving variable‐frequency motion. This work establishes the theoretical and experimental basis for harvesting and effectively utilizing green energy based on frequency conversion.

Analysis of pole pair number impact on single-sided linear induction machine performances

This paper presents a parametric study of linear induction motor for design purpose. The chosen mathematical model uses a 2D formulation with magnetic vector potential A. The implementation of the model is carried out with the finite element method on the free platform Gmsh-GetDP. Circuit model is coupled to FE model so that constant voltage supply mode can be considered. This work aims to highlight the effect of the pole pair number on the characteristics and the performances of the linear induction machine through two numerical models associated to an analytical one. Furthermore, the study shows the effect of the pole pair number on the phase imbalance and the spatial harmonic spectrum of the machine. Reducing this imbalance and higher order harmonics presence will increase machine performances.

Encoding the space of protein-protein binding interfaces by artificial intelligence

The physical interactions between proteins are largely determined by the structural properties at their binding interfaces. It was found that the binding interfaces in distinctive protein complexes are highly similar. The structural properties underlying different binding interfaces could be further captured by artificial intelligence. In order to test this hypothesis, we broke protein-protein binding interfaces into pairs of interacting fragments. We employed a generative model to encode these interface fragment pairs in a low-dimensional latent space. After training, new conformations of interface fragment pairs were generated. We found that, by only using a small number of interface fragment pairs that were generated by artificial intelligence, we were able to guide the assembly of protein complexes into their native conformations. These results demonstrate that the conformational space of fragment pairs at protein-protein binding interfaces is highly degenerate. Features in this degenerate space can be well characterized by artificial intelligence. In summary, our machine learning method will be potentially useful to search for and predict the conformations of unknown protein-protein interactions.

Productive cough, a forgotten phenotype of refractory chronic cough

BackgroundRefractory chronic cough (RCC) patients typically complain of a dry cough. Sputum production in these patients has rarely been described in the literature. However, sputum production in RCC may be common, troublesome and particularly challenging to manage. AimsWe aimed to characterise patients referred to our regional specialist cough clinic who have significant sputum production (≥1 teaspoon of sputum daily) and compare their demographics, symptomatology and investigation results to those presenting with a dry RCC. MethodsA retrospective case note analysis of all consecutive referrals to a tertiary cough clinic identified as having a productive cough (≥1 teaspoon of sputum daily) was performed over a 12-month period. They were compared to a paired number of patients with dry RCC. ResultsPatients with productive cough represented nearly a quarter (98/398, 24.6 %) of new patient referrals to the clinic. Demographic information, symptomatology and investigation results were comparable to those with a dry RCC. Over a third, 35.8 % of patients with a productive cough reported expectorating an egg-cupful of sputum or more a day. Nearly half, 40% of those with high volume sputum production (≥egg-cupful daily) had both a normal CT thorax and normal spirometry. ConclusionsPatients with RCC can expectorate significant volumes of sputum in the absence of underlying lung disease. This group have similar demographics to those with dry RCC. This is the first piece of work to our knowledge to describe this cohort. Future work needs to acknowledge this forgotten phenotype to ensure that they receive comprehensive evaluation and evidenced based treatment.

Sequentially witnessing entanglement by independent observer pairs

This study delves into measurement strategies within a scenario where multiple pairs of Alices and Bobs independently and sequentially observe entangled states. The goal is to maximize the number of observer pairs (Ak,Bl) capable of witnessing entanglement. Previous research has shown that arbitrary pairs (Ak,Bk) (k≤n) can detect entanglement in all pure entangled states and a specific class of mixed entangled states [Pandit et al. (2022) [37]]. However, it's worth noting that other pairs (Ak,Bl) with (k≠l≤n) may not observe entanglement using the same method. Additionally, a novel strategy is introduced, allowing every pair of arbitrarily many Alices and Bobs to witness entanglement regardless of whether the initial state is a Bell state or a particular class of mixed entangled states. These findings contribute to our understanding of measurement strategies aimed at maximizing entanglement observation in various contexts.

Exploring a multimodal approach for utilizing digital biomarkers for childhood mental health screening.

Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health concerns among children and adolescents. The application of conventional assessment methods, such as survey questionnaires to children, may lead to self-reporting issues. Digital biomarkers provide extensive data, reducing bias in mental health self-reporting, and significantly influence patient screening. Our primary objectives were to accurately assess children's mental health and to investigate the feasibility of using various digital biomarkers. This study included a total of 54 boys and girls aged between 7 to 11 years. Each participant's mental state was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Subsequently, the subjects participated in digital biomarker collection tasks. Heart rate variability (HRV) data were collected using a camera sensor. Eye-tracking data were collected through tasks displaying emotion-face stimuli. Voice data were obtained by recording the participants' voices while they engaged in free speech and description tasks. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz of HRV) in HRV and negatively associated with eye-tracking variables. Anxiety symptoms had a negative correlation with high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.40 Hz of HRV) in HRV and a positive association with LF/HF. Regarding stress, eye-tracking variables indicated a positive correlation, while pNN50, which represents the proportion of NN50 (the number of pairs of successive R-R intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds) divided by the total number of NN (R-R) intervals, exhibited a negative association. Variables identified for childhood depression included LF and the total time spent looking at a sad face. Those variables recognized for anxiety were LF/HF, heart rate (HR), and pNN50. For childhood stress, HF, LF, and Jitter showed different correlation patterns between the two grade groups. We examined the potential of multimodal biomarkers in children, identifying features linked to childhood depression, particularly LF and the Sad.TF:time. Anxiety was most effectively explained by HRV features. To explore reasons for non-replication of previous studies, we categorized participants by elementary school grades into lower grades (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and upper grades (4th, 5th, 6th). This study confirmed the potential use of multimodal digital biomarkers for children's mental health screening, serving as foundational research.

Coupling rate of ordering with degree of disorder: Developing a cation pair model for order-disorder in Li2Ti1-xZrxO3 solid solution

The order-disorder phenomenon of the cation sub-lattice is of substantial interests recently. However, randomness of the disordered local atomic structures poses great challenges for the modeling of ordering at larger size/time scales. In this work, a cation-pair model is developed to simulate the order-disorder of layered Li2TiO3. The configurational order of the lattice is simplified by the number of cation pairs at ordered/disordered state. Simulated x-ray diffraction of lattice models is performed to allow comparison with experimental observations. The configuration dependent activation energy is obtained by the simulated evolution of order-disorder based on density functional total energies. The cation-pair simplification enables fast estimation of ordering by tracking the number of pairs with rate theory. The model successfully reproduces the inhibition of ordering from increasing Zr/Ti in the Li2Ti1-xZrxO3 solid solution. Different stages of order-disorder have distinct features of ordering rates, which is explained by the coupling between ordering rates and degree of disorder. In addition, the model predicts stage-specific equilibrium conditions at various Zr/Ti and temperatures.

The Impact of the Declaration of Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates on Capital Market in Indonesia:

This research aims to analyze the impact of the declaration of the presidential and vice presidential candidates on the dynamics of the capital market in Indonesia. The method used is quantitative analysis with a multiple dummy variable regression approach. The results prove that the declaration of the presidential and vice presidential candidates has a significant impact on the dynamics of the capital market in Indonesia. The movements of conventional stock indices (Composite and LQ45) and sharia stock indices (JII70 and ISSI) are significantly influenced by the declaration of the presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs for the 2024 Election, with quite strong correlations (Composite 0.6242, LQ45 0.6805, JII70 0.7968, and ISSI 0.5181). The declaration of the Anies-Muhaimin pair (Capres1) is positively correlated with the movement of the Composite stock index, LQ45, JII70 and ISSI. Meanwhile, the declaration of the Ganjar-Mahfudz pair (Capres 2) and the Prabowo-Gibran pair had a negative correlation with the movement of the Composite stock index. Research facts show that the capital market responded positively to the declaration of pair number 1 (Anies-Muhainin). On the other hand, the capital market responded negatively to the declarations of pair Number 2 (Prabowo-Gibran) and pair Number 3 (Ganjar-Mahfudz). The capital market was under greater pressure after the Prabowo-Gibran pair was declared. Market pressure is greater on Prabowo-Gibran compared to the Ganjar-Mahfudz pair and the Anies-Amin pair.
 Keywords: presidential and vice presidential candidate declaration, conventional capital market, sharia capital market

Numerical analysis of microchannel heat sink performance using delta vortex generator

The design of unique microsinks arises from the desire to provide efficient cooling at low pressure drop for a more compact miniaturized electronic equipment. Three-dimensional numerical investigations of heat transfer and fluid flow have been carried out with delta vortex generator (DVG) structures in the rectangular microchannel. A pair of delta vortex generators (DVGs) are placed symmetrically about the horizontal mid plane in rectangular microchannels. Performance variances are assessed on the basis of the average Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and thermal performance (TP) along with the thermal resistance (RT) and hydraulic resistance (RH) for the Reynolds number in the range of 93 to 746. The parametric variation has been carried out by altering geometric parameters such as the angle of DVGs with centerline (θ), the number of pair of DVGs (n), the length of DVGs (l), the distance of DVGs from the centerline (B), the position of DVGs from the inlet for first pair (L1), and the distance between the vortex generators (S). The objective is kept to maximize the TP, to minimize the value of thermal resistance, and to decrease the increase in the hydraulic resistance for the same geometrical variation. The highest thermal performance equal to 1.256 has been achieved with the combination of θ, n, l, B, S, and L1 equal to 45°, 3, 0.6 mm, 0.1 mm, 4.5 mm, and 5.334 mm, respectively. For the same geometrical parameters, a minimum thermal resistance equal to 0.98 K/W and a hydraulic resistance equal to 3.234 kPa-min/ml have been attained at Re about 745.66. By minimizing the thermal and hydraulic resistance of the microchannel with DVGs, it becomes possible that heat can be more effectively transferred across the interface and the desired cooling can be achieved with less power input. The implementation of DVGs enhances intermixing through the generation of longitudinal and transverse vortices, leading to a more evenly distributed temperature across the channel. This enhancement in the heat transfer reduces the thermal resistance. Additionally, the vortices generated by DVGs modify the velocity profile, thereby decreasing the pressure drop and the hydraulic resistance. The specific impact of longitudinal vortices on the enhancement of the heat transfer through adjustments in geometric parameters is thoroughly elucidated.