Number Of ONUs Research Articles

Radio Over Fiber System for A Four-Store Hospital Building

Abstract: The goal of this project is to design and analyse a radio over fibre system for a four-story hospital with 20 rooms on each floor. The number of ONUs per floor is 20, and it was assumed that each room had an ONU capable of providing network access to voice, data, video, and biometrics. We build an 80-channel WDM optical transmitter using the WDM method. The proposed system includes a transmitter with 20 input channels, a multiplexer, a DE multiplexer, a 45-kilometer optical fibre, and an amplifier. The proposed model was simulated, and the results were evaluated in WDM systems using an optical amplifier. The receiver performance analysis of the Optical Communication System is shown by the BER simulation run and the eye diagram graphic, with the threshold set at 0.00120739. Furthermore, the eye height is 0.00141402, and the minimum BER is 5.59009e-006. When the simulated and calculated values of received power and total power loss are compared, the system is efficient. Keywords: Radio over fibre, Optical Amplifier, WDM system, DE multiplexer, Multiplexer, BER, Optical transmitter

Deployment of Cost-Efficient Cloud Integrated WOBAN: A Cluster- Based Approach

Aim: To deploy Cloud Components in a cloud integrated WOBAN in a cost-efficient manner. Background: Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network (WOBAN) is a network which provides higher bandwidth and better stability at lower cost to the users. Integration of cloud services over traditional WOBAN called as CIW (cloud integrated WOBAN) increases existing load carrying capacity and available bandwidth. In CIW, Cloud Components (CCs) are integrated as storage components, servers etc. within WMN of WOBAN. These cloud components may follow distributed or centralized architectures. Availability of these low-cost and easy-to-deploy CCs make CIW technologically feasible and practically deployable architecture. Objective: The proposed algorithm eliminates redundant ONUs and optimizes number of CCs while ensuring network connectivity and cloud services to all users. Methods: Extensive simulation is carried out to implement proposed work. A simulation model and code is developed in MATLAB to get the results for existing and proposed algorithms for varying number of variables such as number of ONUs, wireless routers, grid sizes etc. Result: We compare the performance of proposed algorithm with existing algorithm for varying grid sizes as well as number of wireless routers. Simulation results show the worthiness of proposed work. Conclusion: Optimization of cloud components in CIW is one of the important issues as it affects overall network deployment cost. Considering this issue, we proposed a cluster based approach to optimize number of network components such as CCs and ONUs in the network. Simulation results show that cluster based approach is efficient as compared to existing approach for optimizing CCs. Hence proposed solution offers a suitable candidature for deploying a cost efficient CIW.

Hybrid algorithm: A cost efficient solution for ONU placement in Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) network

Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) network is a promising access technology as it integrates the technical merits of optical and wireless access networks. FiWi provides large bandwidth and high stability of optical network and lower cost of wireless network respectively. Therefore, FiWi gives users to access broadband services in an “anywhere–anytime” way. One of the key issues in FiWi network is its deployment cost, which depends on the number of ONUs in the network. Therefore optimal placement of ONUs is desirable to design a cost effective network. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for optimal placement of ONUs. First we place an ONU in the center of each grid then we form a set of wireless routers associated with each ONU according to wireless hop number. The number of ONUs are minimized in such a way, that all the wireless routers can communicate to at least one of the ONUs. The number of ONUs in the network further reduced by using genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is tested by considering Internet traffic as well as peer-to-peer (p2p) traffic in the network, which is a current need. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than existing algorithms in minimizing number of ONUs in the network for both types of traffics. Hence proposed algorithm offers cost effective solution to design the FiWi network.

Performance Analysis of ETTH and FTTH In Terms of Cost and Scalability: A Comparative Study carried out on MATLAB

ABSTRCT a new access network to the home, Ethernet to the home (ETTH) and fiber to the home (FTTH) has the newest development of multimedia applications in which the end users require more and more bandwidth capacity. The main focus in this paper is to conduct a comparative study between ETTH and FTTH with the help of two parameters, these parameters are critically evaluate to find which technology is most suitable in terms of guided media. Therefore a modeled ETTH and FTTH based networks are deployed over MATLAB for acquiring the desired results through simulation to prove the hypothesis which is provide by the author. In future there is a vast ground for these technologies. The immediate future work is to analyze further parameters like downstream bit rate, upstream bit rate, generated traffic and number of ONUs which can be compared to judge the dominancy then to create a design at metropolitan level and carry out a testing phase as an expansion to the current scenario.

Upstream Power Budgets of IMDD Optical OFDMA PONs Incorporating RSOA Intensity Modulator-Based Colorless ONUs

In aggregated 11.25 Gb/s over 25 km SSMF intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IMDD) optical OFDM multiple access passive optical networks (OOFDMA PONs) incorporating colorless ONUs based on reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) intensity modulators, excellent agreements are obtained between real-time upstream experimental measurements and numerical simulations for various system operating conditions. Making use of experimentally verified theoretical models and component/system parameters, extensive numerical explorations are undertaken, for the first time, of the impact of the number of ONUs on both upstream optical power budget and minimum ONU wavelength spacing required for eliminating the optical beat interference effect. It is shown that the minimum ONU wavelength spacing is independent of the number of ONUs, and that doubling the number of ONUs simultaneously accommodated in the aforementioned PON architectures gives a 1.9 dB reduction in upstream power budget. Results also show that the utilization of an optimum frequency-offset super-Gaussian optical filter at an order of 5 immediately after the RSOA intensity modulator in each ONU can significantly improve the upstream power budget by >5.3 dB, and simultaneously enhance the upstream power budget robustness to variations in the number of ONUs.

Link and Cost Optimization of FTTH Network Implementation through GPON Technology

The motivation behind this work is the need for performance analysis of Al-Gehad/Baghdad“Fiber To The Home”(FTTH) network which is one of the Iraq Telecommunication Post and Company(ITPC) FTTH projectsin2010 in Baghdad City. Based on the detailed study of this project, the design, implementation, and analysis of this network has been putting under consideration through a mathematical model simulated and performance evaluated. The link utilization and number of OLT ports (PON) had been studied and evaluated as a function of cycle time. Cost optimization was done through evaluation the total cost of PON system and who it affected with the number of ONUs (i.e. splitting ratio), as well as cost ratio between EPON and GPON is evaluated. Then GPON system has been optimized to analyze and evaluate the feeder network cost, distribution network cost, and total network cost.

Symmetric Terabit WDM Pre-DFT OFDM access network using PCF-supercontinuum

We have proposed a novel WDM Terabit access network based on pre-DFT orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single photonic crystal fiber (PCF) supercontinuum (SC) light source. Duplex access with source-free ONUs is realized in this architecture. The single SC source can be shared with a number of ONUs and simplifies the network configuration, which can allow the realization of high-reliability as well as low-cost. The pre-DFT technology can help to mitigate the fiber nonlinearity of OFDM signal. A 2.5 THz wide frequency comb which is potential to support symmetric 2.56 Tb/s WDM pre-DFT OFDM access over 60 km with 1600 supported ONUs was demonstrated in the experiment. The demonstrated architecture may be viewed as one promising for future terabit optical metro/access.

Improved linear crosstalk tolerance in an un-amplified ring PON

There is increased interest in ring-based passive optical network (PON) architectures due to their local area network (LAN) capability among end users and inherent protection and restoration schemes. The ring architecture includes optical filters and switches with non-ideal channel isolation, leading to the generation of linear crosstalk, which can significantly degrade the system performance if it is not sufficiently suppressed. We use simulation to analyze the effects of linear crosstalk in an un-amplified TDM optical ring and show how we can improve the tolerance of the crosstalk in our architecture that employs optimized tap split ratios as a means of increasing the number of ONUs served. Our approach is based on simulation of the entire network using a combination of wavelength-domain and time-domain techniques. Typically, PON networks use two or three wavelengths that are separated by more than 50 nm to maintain the cost of components low and as such, it is logical that any crosstalk will be negligible. However, the subpar performance of such components motivated our study into the impact of crosstalk. We show that the tap ratio optimization which increases the number ONUs that can be served in the ring can also exacerbate the effects of linear interchannel crosstalk at the ONU's downstream signal receivers. We also show that surplus power at the last ONU can be utilized to counter this degraded crosstalk performance by careful tap ratio selection, thereby improving the overall tolerance to linear crosstalk in the system.