Number Of Natural Disasters Research Articles

CHANGE DYNAMICS OF AIR TEMPERATURE AND ATMOSPHERIC RAIN IN ALIBAY AND ZAGATALA TERRITORY OF AZERBAIJAN

Aim: the main aim of the study is exploration of change dynamics of air temperature and atmospheric rain in Alibey and Zagatala territory of Azerbaijan.In the article, the author used the data for 1961-2019 to study possible climatic changes in Alibey and Zagatala on the basis of instrumental observations, as well as studied the specifics of the timing of the distribution of key parameters. One of the most serious problems of humanity today is global climate change. Therefore, the study of the temporal temperature and sediments in the current period is one of the current tasks. Temperature fluctuations and the number of sediments directly affect the stock river and, in general, the hydrological regime. The work analyzes the periodic flow of air temperature and atmospheric sediments. Averaged monthly values of temperature and sediments for decades. Methodolgy: Data from 1961-1990 were used to calculate the "norms" based on WTO recommendations. The data of Alibey (absolute height 1540 meters) and Zagatala (absolute height 487 meters) meteorological stations of the former Hydrometeorological Committee and the current National Hydrometeorology Department were used to conduct these analyzes. Results:Calculated the mean square deviations of air temperature and determined large anomalies (1.5σ). For the considered seasons, years were found with a shortage of sediments and with abundant sediments. It has been established that in the last decade the number of positive temperature anomalies has increased. Sustaining the trend towards warming, with insignificant cooling in the last decade, as well as the absence of significant changes in the regime of sediments. It was found that the world community is seriously concerned about the number of natural disasters, huge losses caused by droughts and fires, which are the result of changes occurring in the surrounding area. It is stated that this fact testifies to the sharp trend of increasing the aridization of the territory, although the observed increase in air temperature is not accompanied by the corresponding increase in atmospheric sediments. The conclusion is that the effective means of preventing the consequences of climate change will be the creation and strengthening of the system of forecasting poverty and climatic services. Scientific novelity: The increase of air temperature is significantly to cause some early melting of the soil, resulting in an increase in water losses during spring floods

Применение ГИС-технологий и карт пластики рельефа для исследования оползней Чирчикского бассейна

In recent years, the number of natural disasters has significantly increased, including those caused by exogenous geological processes, one of the leading among which are landslides, leading to environmental, engineering, social and economic consequences. The investigated Chirchik basin of the Republic of Uzbekistan is characterized by complex geomorphological, hydrological and geological conditions, as well as the presence of an active geodynamic process, which predetermined the development of landslides here. Currently, various methods are used for the integrated study of landslides of various genesis. Along with traditional methods, various tools of geographic information systems (GIS) are widely used. The use of GIS-processing of digital elevation models makes it possible to fully describe the development of landslide processes: quickly obtain information about morphometric indicators (height, inclination angle, slope exposure) in any model, analyze slope steepness and exposure, frequency runoff, generate contour lines, etc., as well as to map them. Another method of research is the method of relief plastics, the essence of which is the geometric transformation of the contours of topographic maps, it consists in the use of a new topographic map—relief plastics based on litodynamic flows. The proposed methodology for the integrated application of GIS technologies and plastic flow maps was developed taking into account the work performed by foreign and domestic specialists. This methodology applied to landslide processes study in the Baibaksay-Sulisay section of the Chirchik basin. As a result, digital elevation models were compiled based on SRTM and QiuckBird remote sensing materials, based on the digital elevation model, using the theory, a map of convex and concave surfaces was created.

The rapid survey method of chemical contamination in floods caused by Typhoon Hagibis by combining in vitro bioassay and comprehensive analysis.

A novel comprehensive assessment system, consisting of a bioassay and chemical analysis, was developed to quickly evaluate the human health risk posed by toxic chemicals discharged due to natural disasters. To analyze samples quickly, a yeast-two-hybrid assay (Y2H) and GC-MS equipped with an automated identification and quantification system (AIQS-GC) were employed for the bioassay and chemical analysis, respectively. Since the analysis of 1000 substances by AIQS could be finished within two days following the Y2H assay for screening, this method would complete the risk assessment within three days. To confirm the applicability of this method in real environmental samples, we examined it using sediments circulated by Typhoon Hagibis. In one sediment sample, a distinctive response was indicated by the Y2H assay, and relatively high DDT concentration was identified by AIQS-GC in the same sediment. Therefore, using the results obtained from this method, a human health risk assessment of DDT was conducted, which indicated that the risk could be ignored. Additionally, the contamination of PAHs and alkanes was suggested as well. In this study, the pollution risk assessment could be completed within three days. Therefore, to our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate an assessment system with a rapid combination method for emergencies. Consequently, it is believed that this type of novel system would be needed in the future due to the increasing number of natural disasters predicted worldwide.

Designing a sustainable–resilient disaster waste management system under hybrid uncertainty: A case study

Due to the increase in the number of natural disasters and the significant amounts of waste generated in these events, having a comprehensive framework for its management in the recovery and response phases of disaster is necessary. Hence, this research investigates the disaster waste management problem by simultaneous consideration of sustainability and resiliency. In this regard, a multi-objective mathematical model is presented to minimize total costs, environmental impacts, and transportation risks while maximizing social impacts and resilience of the logistics system. Since uncertainty is an integral part of disaster conditions, the research problem formulates the fuzzy robust stochastic optimization model under the hybrid uncertainty. Then, a real-world case study is studied in Golestan province, Iran. Afterward, transportation risks are calculated by adopting the fuzzy failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method, and then the proposed model is solved by a hybrid algorithm based on the multi-choice goal programming method and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). Eventually, sensitivity analyses on some important model parameters are conducted, and practical managerial/theoretical implications are presented. The obtained results show the efficiency and performance of the model and the developed hybrid algorithm.

Community-based Crisis Management Model Focusing on the Process of Relief and Rescue in Natural Disasters in Iran

INTRODUCTION: The increase in the number of natural disasters has made different societies constantly discover and invent solutions to control the adverse effects of disasters with more emphasis on prevention or minimize them by improving the quality of the rescue process (in the response phase). In the last few decades, the need for social participation in order to manage risks has been developing in the form of community-based activities. This study was conducted to present a community-based crisis management model focusing on the process of relief and rescue in natural disasters in Iran, 2020. METHODS: This qualitative study was performed based on the grounded theory method defined by Strauss and Corbin. The statistical population of the study included all crisis management and non-governmental organizations experts in universities, the Crisis Management Organization, general managers of provincial crisis management, and senior managers of the Red Crescent Society. The samples were selected using the purposive and theoretical method of snowball sampling while taking into account the geographical, climatic, cultural, social, and religious diversity of different regions of the country. As a result, the sample size was obtained at 22 people. The required data were collected through a semi-structured interview. In the analysis of qualitative information, open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used manually). FINDINGS: The results of the study showed that the causal conditions of community-based crisis management included "legal obligation", "strategic planning", "attracting public participation", "forming and developing expert teams", and "acting (prevention, preparedness, needs analysis, planning, and response)"; and contextual conditions consisted of "geographical conditions", "social capacity building", and "creating cohesion and empathy". Moreover, intervening conditions involved "general sensitization", "preparation", and "logistics and equipment"; strategies included "risk management", "human resource management", "training (general and professional)" and "barrier removal"; and the consequences of community-based crisis management consisted of "increasing public awareness in the face of emergencies", "reducing the risk of areas "increasing community resilience", "improving the quality of post-disaster assessment", "accelerating the response process", "determining priorities appropriately", "saving the golden time of rescue", "increasing the number of survivors", "accelerating relief operations" "distributing relief items fairly", "improving the quality of rescue operations", "decreasing the amount of damage", "managing resources and facilities properly", "reducing response costs", "decreasing the adverse psychological effects of the disaster", "organized presence of grassroots groups", "eliminating the shortcomings and completing the performance of the responsible agencies", and "increasing the level of public satisfaction". CONCLUSION: Community-based crisis management is a new and effective approach that its implementation has a positive impact on increasing resilience and thus reducing the vulnerability of communities. The proper and successful implementation of the community-based approach requires structural changes, amendment of laws, and development of relevant bylaws. It also needs measures that should be implemented at the national level, in the country's crisis management system, and at the local level.

Health risks of natural hazards and resilience resources: Evidence from a U.S. nationwide longitudinal study

BackgroundAlthough natural disasters can threaten health and well-being, some people show greater resilience to their effects than others. Identifying the characteristics related to resilience has important implications for reducing the health risks in the aftermath of a disaster. ObjectiveUsing the Conservation of Resources Theory as a framework, we study the role of resources in moderating the adverse effects of natural disasters on people's health and coping behaviors. MethodWe match 20,658 unique individuals aged 50 or older from the 2012–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to the county-level annual natural hazard data provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Using individual-fixed effect models, we first model whether the experience of natural disasters can predict people's health and coping behaviors. We then explore heterogeneity in such effects by interacting individual- and county-level resilience resources with the number of natural disasters. ResultsThe results show that with increased exposure to natural disasters, older adults are more likely to experience difficulties performing instrumental daily activities. They also tend to have fewer overnight hospital stays, higher out-of-pocket medical expenses, and increased alcohol dependency. However, older adults with certain socio-economic characteristics ‒ white, higher education, higher income, and homeownership ‒ are better able than others to mitigate any adverse health effects of natural disasters. One significant community-level resource is a robust healthcare capacity in a county with a high ratio of healthcare practitioners, where older adults are more likely to seek hospital care and have lower alcohol dependency. ConclusionsHealth resilience can be improved by strengthening community-level healthcare capacity, with a particular focus on residents with lower socio-economic resources. Failing to address healthcare provision inequalities may exacerbate health disparities.

Creating a Sustainable and Reliable Emergency Preparedness Program to Promote Appropriate Health Care Resources Use.

Over the past decade, the number of natural disasters, health care emergencies, and epidemics has increased significantly. These unpredictable and sometimes devastating events tax already stretched health care systems. The goal of this process paper is to share the experience of a pharmacy school in the development and implementation of a sustainable emergency preparedness and response support network (EPRSN) using an established student government infrastructure to support information sharing among community pharmacies, state emergency response teams, and community members. There are more than 140 accredited pharmacy schools/colleges across the United States, employing more than 6,500 pharmacy faculty members and teaching more than 63,000 student pharmacists. The majority of schools/colleges provide free and volunteer-based health care services and collaborate with local, regional, and national entities, such as state boards of pharmacy and national and state professional pharmacy organizations. Student pharmacists are positioned across the country with reach to rural and underserved communities and have student organizational structures in place to manage student volunteers and support health care service opportunities. To address gaps in emergency and preparedness response, pharmacy students assessed and operationalized steps to develop the EPRSN. Pharmacies were identified and contacted by student pharmacists. Student leaders created student organization flowcharts and call charts with up-to-date pharmacist contact information. Organizational structure for collecting, capturing, updating, and sharing pharmacy data with state emergency response teams was developed and trialed. Student pharmacists represent a sustainable resource, uniquely positioned to identify community needs, support emergency efforts, coordinate with local pharmacies, and work with pharmacists and others to ensure that patients receive the care they need during pandemics and other emergencies.

Fundamentals of temporary dwelling solutions: A proposed sustainable model for design and construction

In the last decades, the number of natural disasters has considerably increased which has an extreme effect on the built environment. In this case, most buildings undergo severe damages and plenty of them totally breakdown which is one of the strongest impacts of a disaster. Egypt is considered as one of the countries that is exposed to unexpected natural hazards as a result of climate change, floods, earthquakes, etc. Thus, the main objective is to find solutions through temporary dwellings for displaced people to help them find an alternative residence. The paper is divided into three parts. First, it explores the fundamentals of design and construction of temporary dwellings based on diverse experiences from different contexts. Second, it analyzes the Nubian resettlement as a case study. Finally, the third part proposes a sustainable model for temporary dwelling solutions that act as a road map for flexible implementation.

Управление процессами организации строительства при ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций, вызванных наводнениями

As an important global concern, climate change shifted the balance of natural systems, causing tem-perature anomalies, change in precipitation, increase in the number of hurricanes and earthquakes, drought and floods, overall contributing to an increase in the number of natural disasters. Floods are one of the most common natural phenomena that endanger people and construction sites and cause significant losses across the country. This paper presents a concept for managing the construction processes in emergency response to the consequences caused by floods in order to minimise dam-age and ensure the fastest and highest quality restoration work. The resource and process constitu-ents in emergency response were analysed, as well as the level of damage and consequences of floods. This research allowed a concept for managing the construction processes to be developed based on the principles of target focusing. According to this concept, a technology of prefabricated large-panel housing meets the basic requirements for building structures and materials for the con-struction in areas prone to natural disasters caused by floods.

The Planet’s Response to Human Activity. Thermodynamic Approach

The applicability of the laws of thermodynamics to processes on Earth is discussed and it is shown that the chemical thermodynamics provides the reasonable basis for predicting probable changes. The historical evolution of the planet is considered in the framework of the Harari approach; a civilization’s level is estimated by the Kardashev scale based on the amount of energy it is able to use. During a short historical interval (≈500 years), when the effect of biological evolution is imperceptible and the main changes on the planet are caused by human activity, two systems are considered: 1) a nonequilibrium inhabited planet and 2) a quasi-equilibrium hypothetical planet without people, which is accepted as a comparison system. It is shown that in response to the energy impact, the equilibrium of the hypothetical system with the primordial nature is disturbed and processes are initiated aimed to prevent further growth of energy production. In the case of a real planet, this implements changes preventing the uncontrolled activities of humans—the energy producers. Climate change, an increase in the number of natural disasters and epidemics can be recognized as a direct response of the planet, while changes in socio-economic relations, morality, demographic situation, new threats etc. can be considered as an indirect reaction to changing conditions of human beings. The latter results from the mutual correlation between the progress of society, on the one hand, and humanitarian and political processes, on the other. The role of renewable and non-renewable energy sources in evolution is taken into account. Obviously, it is better to take meaningful measures to achieve an acceptable balance now than to wait for the blind and extremely painful action of the laws of nature, which would lead to a reduction in the population.

Solar collectors integrated into transparent facades

Abstract Due to the fact that the number of natural disasters in the world has increased in recent years, experts note that climate change is the cause. As a consequence of the nature of the needs to improve the fuel and energy complex in the countries in world. This solution could be solar energy and similar energy sources. The paper presents the classification of energy-efficient houses proposed by international standards and its critical analysis. Emphasis is placed on the problem of improving solar collectors integrated into the construction of buildings. The paper presents the temperature characteristics of an experimental solar collector. For the experimental solar collector combined with the translucent facade of the building, thermal characteristics are set, in particular, such as thermal capacity and thermal efficiency.

VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL E INFRAESTRUTURAL NA ÁREA URBANA DE CAMPINA GRANDE, PARAÍBA, BRASIL

O aumento do número de desastres naturais suscitou a necessidade de compreensão deste fenômeno principalmente no que diz respeito à identificação dos territórios mais vulneráveis pois, apesar de na sociedade atual todos os indivíduos estarem em constante exposição aos riscos, as formas como os indivíduos se adaptam frente a eventos danosos são diferentes. Neste sentido, estudos atuais têm se voltado principalmente para a mensuração da vulnerabilidade a partir de indicadores. Com base nessas premissas, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como a vulnerabilidade é expressa na área urbana do município de Campina Grande - PB. Desta forma, são analisadas as dimensões social e infraestrutural para a construção do índice. Para a elaboração do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social e Infraestrutural (IVSI) foram seguidas as etapas propostas por Tate (2012). O principal objetivo deste procedimento foi identificar quais os setores censitários que apresentaram valores de IVSI acima da mediana da distribuição amostral do IVSI obtido para a cidade Campina Grande. Os resultados mostraram que vulnerabilidade social e infraestrutural na área urbana de Campina Grande apresentam-se da seguinte forma: níveis baixos de vulnerabilidade na área central da cidade e níveis altos dispostos principalmente nas margens do perímetro urbano.

About the Growing Role of Green Finance in Providing Financial Stability

The number of natural disasters which negatively influence the economy has increased in recent years. The solution of the problems linked to the climatic factors for a long time had been put to international level and different regulators implement numerous initiatives, work out international standards, etc. Changes in the production which affect all countries and all spheres of economy require large scale financing which has significant risks. That’s why 36 central banks and supervisors acknowledged climate-related risks are a source of financial risks and which falls within the mandates of central banks and supervisors to ensure the financial system is resilient to these risks. The article revises the international initiatives in which central banks and supervisors participate for better interaction of financial sphere and green economic. The challenges evolve are analyzed. Adequate estimation of financial risks is hampered by many difficulties (shortage of comparable information, lack of financial instruments, etc.). The financial aspects of green economic in Russia are analyzed. Russian regulators are inactive in international initiatives that form regulatory approaches with allowances of climate factor. The investment in green economic is insignificant. Taking ecologic factor in processing is necessary to enhance competitiveness. It is made the conclusion about the importance of taking more active role of Russian regulators in international initiatives at the starting stage when the functioning of green economic and green finance is shaping. It’s obvious that such participation should promote the interests of Russia that will lay basis of its important role in this growing sphere for many years to come.

Protection of telecommunication network from natural hazards of global warming

Recently, the number of natural disasters caused by climate change on Earth has been growing in the world. To develop measures to protect hardware resources from the effects of natural disasters, the project method was used. method developed in accordance with its provisions includes the phased collection of information on the impact of natural disasters on resources, their analysis and the development of appropriate countermeasures.The actions and manifestations of the damaging factors that were not included in the families of the corresponding damaging factors of the list The nature of the actions and manifestations of the damaging factors of natural emergencies, but whose action is caused by certain sources of potential emergencies and affects the performance of the hardware, are revealed. A matrix of the nature of the effects and manifestations of the damaging factors of natural emergencies has been developed.Based on the Classifier of Emergency Situations of Ukraine, a Register of natural threats to the telecommunication network hardware has been built. New sources of threats have been discovered (13 items). global warming process has amplified the harmful effects of known dangers and identified a number of new ones that are proposed to be classified. “catalyst” of dangers can be anthropogenic impact, which is distinguished by the promotion of climate change, the artificial modification of the environment.The variability of the environment does not allow to present a complete list of detailed systematized threats, actions and manifestations of damaging factors and their compliance with certain threats. list of known protective actions includes organizational measures and countermeasures. According to existing experience, the network hardware resources must comply with the principle of redundancy, in which the operational reconfiguration is performed. It is proposed to apply redundancy of communication lines by means of three-level multiplexing with mutually independent levels

A Localized Procedural Model for Cash-based Assistance to Livelihood and Health of Natural Disasters’ Victims Based on Information Technology

Background: After the end of an emergency period and through setting up emergency settlement camps, humanitarian agents will take action to improve livelihood and health conditions of those suffering from the disaster through sending livelihood and health packages with standard contents and based on people’s requirements. However, the problem is that the packages are prepared for normal people, and they would be no use for infants, children, and the elderly or patient family members. Cash-based Assistance (CBA) instead of in-kind donations would result in observing the human dignity of victims during the post-emergency period, as well as families and economic recovery of the affected region. There are many toolkits and process models provided by international humanitarian agencies, but because of special conditions of Iran (sanctions/economy) and a large number of natural disasters, we need a localized process model on CBA for victims of natural disasters based on Information Technology (IT), which would lead to speed, accuracy, and transparency. Methods: The research was performed in two phases. Through a systematic review in the first phase, we studied international models/toolkits and proposed a process model for CBA in Iran. In the second phase, the localized model was customized using Delphi based on experts’ opinions. The statistical population in the first phase was the international publications in addition to operational reports provided by local/international organizations/agencies from 2004 to 2019. In the second part, the statistical population included the executive managers of rescue and relief agencies and university professors in critical management from whom, 14 individuals were selected through targeted sampling and participated in Delphi rounds. Results: In the first stage, by a systematic review, based on five well known international toolkits/models, researcher experiences, and experts, a process model was developed with five steps and 27 processes. In the first round of Delphi, four processes were rejected, and four new processes were added by experts. In the second and third rounds, the experts agreed with all of the items. The calculated Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (KCC) value of 0.724 evidenced a good expert agreement on the obtained localized CBA model. Conclusions: The localized process model on CBA for victims of natural disasters based on IT included 27 processes in five steps: (1) preparedness, (2) assessment, (3) response analysis, (4) implementation, and (5) monitoring, evaluation, and exit. These are localized processes agreed on by the Delphi panel expert, emphasizing hardware for e-transactions; victims, retailers, and wholesalers training in the fourth step; and program quality assurance and report to donors in the fifth step. The achieved theoretical process model would be a fundamental model to develop a process-based software application system for use in the future in Iran.

A new mathematical modelling for relief operation based on stochastic programming

The number of natural disasters and the people affected by them has increased over recent years. In the last two decades, the field of disaster management and humanitarian logistics has earned more attention. Design of relief logistic network as a strategic decision and relief distribution as an operational decision are the most important activities for disaster operation management before and after a disaster. Since related information can be updated after disaster, we consider a relief helicopter to satisfy the lack of inventory in different depots. In the proposed mathematical model, pre-disaster decisions are determined according to different scenarios in a two stage optimisation scheme. Moreover, we present a meta-heuristic algorithm based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) as a solution method. Finally, the model for two stages of disaster management is established for several instances. Computational results based on three approaches confirm that the proposed model has proper performance.

Building Organisational Resilience for the Construction Industy: Strategic Resilience Indicators

New Zealand has been affected by a number of natural disasters in recent years. One such example is the 2010 Christchurch earthquake that led to significant impacts to businesses, buildings and critical infrastructure. Construction organisations play an important role in reconstruction programs, and communities rely on their services, particularly post-disaster. Improving the resilience of construction organisations to natural disasters not only minimises the negative consequences to their organisations post-disaster and enhances their organisational performance during business as usual, but also helps to improve community resilience. However, very few studies have developed the concept of organizational resilience and none specifically in the construction sector. This paper identifies strategic resilience indicators for construction organizations. Triangulation analysis of the five studies, in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys revealed leading indicators of organizational resilience which can help to develop a resilience framework for construction organizations. The findings suggest that the construction industry needs a framework that fosters resilience which itself can potentially enhance organisational capacity to recover quickly after a crisis or disaster.

An Assessment of Disaster Loss and Damage in Nepal

A disaster is a natural or manmade hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or drastic change to the environment. Due to diverse geographical coverage, Nepal is prone to various geological and hydro-meteorological hazards. This paper tries to show the types of disaster, losses and damages induced by disaster and analyze the trend and geographical distribution of disaster in Nepal. This study is based on the secondary data sources. Disaste r events data were collected from NSET and other government research papers, library etc. 26,665 events were reported during a 45 year and 43,868 people were died, 2,828 people were missing by disaster. Fire, flood landslide, accident and thunderstorms are major disasters in terms of occurrences and Earthquake, flood, and landslide are the major disasters in terms of damages and losses. The trend of disaster events is gradually increasing from the 1971 to 2000 but after 2000 the trend of disaster is drastically increasing to 2016. Annually 593 disaster events have occurred in Nepal. The data of impacts caused by the disasters also reveal that the estimated annual economic loss is increasing with the increasing frequency of disasters. The number of natural disasters as well as the number of corresponding casualties, injured and affected people, and economic loss is steadily on the rise. Tarai and Hilly districts are highly vulnerable than Mountain districts and Hill and Tarai region are most affected than Mountain region due different disaster in Nepal. The Tarai and some central hill districts are most vulnerable in terms of disasters occurrences. Among the seven provinces, province no 3 recorded the highest number of human deaths and disasters occurrences.

Optimal Positioning of Energy Assets in Autonomous Robotic Microgrids for Power Restoration

As the number of natural disasters and the duration of their aftermath continues to rise, the use of mobile and autonomous energy sources formed into a temporary and adaptive microgrid will improve response time and decrease overall recovery time. The optimal positioning of energy resources in the operating field is critical. There are many options for choosing an optimization technique but many of these assume specific connections between voltage source nodes and loads. This paper presents a brief overview of the genetic algorithm optimization in microgrid resource positioning in an operating field with obstacles. The indexing of the nodes and loads and the formulation for optimization of a general model of a microgrid system are presented. Next, the optimization of microgrids using the genetic algorithm approach is explained, as well as the shortest path algorithm used. The results show the success of optimization applied to a variety of test cases. Further research and expansions of optimization in the test cases are then explained.

The Role of Ecological Factors in Acute Enteric Infection Morbidity of Population of the People's Republic of Bangladesh

The studying of influence of natural factors on distribution of acute intestinal infections in the territory of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was organized and carried out for the first time. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The country occupies the 8th place of population density making up to 1237,51 people per km2. It is one of the poorest states in Asia with annual income per capita $520 (as of 2008) whereas the average world income per capita makes up to $10 200. One more feature of Bangladesh is the country annually is exposed to large number of natural disasters and the most frequent is flood. The dense population, poverty, unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions, illiteracy promote wide circulation in Bangladesh of acute intestinal infections which take first place in the structure of general incidence of the population of the country. It is shown that the nature of spread of acute intestinal infections in the country is defined by ecological, demographic, social and economic and sanitary and hygienic factors. As a result of a complex ecological hygienic research of the causes of wide circulation of acute intestinal diseases among population of the country the correlation relationship between natural features, social and ecological conditions and incidence for each of 64 administrative regions of the People's Re-public of Bangladesh were revealed. On the basis of the obtained regularities the recommendations were submitted to decrease epidemiological tension in the country related to diarrheal diseases.