Number Of Natural Disasters Research Articles

Quantifying and enabling the resiliency of a microgrid considering electric vehicles using a Bayesian network risk assessment

With the increase in the number of natural disasters, caused by climate change, the role of emission and resilience has become more outstanding. In this paper, a novel model for quantifying and enabling the resiliency of a microgrid, using a Bayesian network risk assessment approach is presented. The three objective functions of cost, pollution, and resilience are optimized simultaneously using an improved lexicographic augmented ɛ-constraint method. It should be mentioned that these items are included in the proposed model due to the irreplaceable role of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution systems. Moreover, with the Bayesian network, the interaction between random variables is considered and a graphic view of casual relationships between stochastic and probabilistic variables is investigated in this study. The Monte Carlo scenario-based technique has handled the uncertainties of EVs and RESs. The proposed mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is implemented in the GAMS software environment under the CPLEX solver and finally, the results are discussed.

LIMITATIONS OF PAPER HOUSING

Natural disaster not only causes loss of life but also causes loss of property. It is observed that there is increase in number of natural disasters over the past years. Post disaster scenario shows there is increase in number of homeless people. After a disaster occurs its role of an architect to provide accommodation to people where people can live with dignity, security and comfort, a space where people can work, rest and sleep. Paper housing are designed to meet the local circumstances. These temporary housing is aid to people who lost there home in disaster until they shift to their permanent accommodation. Through this literature review and analysis of case studies, these research discusses the materials and its properties, rapid construction techniques and technology used in paper housing. It also explores permanent paper housing example. This research paper aims to do study of limitations of paper housing. Keywords: Disaster, Temporary housing, Paper housing, Post disaster, Rapid construction

A Study of Insurance Company Underwriting Strategies Based on TOPSIS Entropy Weights and Cost-Benefit Analysis

Frequent extreme weather events triggered by climate change pose an increasing risk to property owners and insurance companies. To address this challenge, this paper explores how to optimize resource allocation strategies for property insurance with the aim of improving the ability of the insurance system to pay future claims while safeguarding the long-term stability of the company. In order to give an underwriting strategy for disaster-prone areas, the number of natural disasters, the number of people affected, and the economic losses are screened as key influencing factors. Subsequently, TOPSIS entropy weighting analysis was used to assign appropriate weights to these factors, and the K-mean algorithm was used to cluster these data into low, medium, and high-risk levels. To more accurately assess underwriting risk, I constructed an underwriting risk assessment model using cost-benefit analysis. Applied to the U.S. and Switzerland, the scores were 0.49 and 0.02, respectively. This suggests that the U.S. is a high-risk country and cannot be insured, while Switzerland is in a low-risk area and can be insured.

Evaluation of the physical-functional resilience of Isfahan City center using spatial statistics methods and ELECTRE*

ABSTRACT Human populations and social wealth are generally concentrated in urban areas-which may be vulnerable to natural or anthropic disasters. In recent decades, increase in the number of natural disasters has caused much economic damage and human loss. Therefore, special attention is needed to reduce vulnerability and increase the capacity and adaptability of urban systems by way of urban resilience in order to deal with natural disasters. The city of Isfahan, located in Iran, is a city with a long history. Isfahan’s location in a low-risk zone has led researchers and urban managers to believe that earthquakes will probably never occur in this city, while recent geological findings have proven the opposite. Therefore, for the first time, this study seeks to determine the physical-functional resilience in the center of Isfahan in terms of enduring a hypothetical earthquake. To achieve this goal, first the required information was collected using library and field methods and then it was analyzed by spatial statistical methods in ArcGIS software, as well as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the ELECTRE Multi Criteria Decision Making method. Based on the results of this study, it seems necessary to propose a special focus on increasing the physical-functional resilience of Naghsh-e Jahan, Khalja, and Shahshahan neighborhoods out of the 25 neighborhoods located in the central districts of Isfahan. Accordingly, the study can help urban science researchers, investors, city managers and local and national organizations to identify resilience districts and focus on addressing their major weaknesses, thus preventing the loss of humn, financial and various limited urban resources as a result of earthquake through increasing the resilience of the physical-functional system of the city.

Effective and Sustainable Disaster Tradition based on Scientific Evidence

A number of natural disasters have occurred in Japan, largely owing to where it is located. These include volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, as well as floods and cyclones. Due to the regularity of such incidents, there is much expertise around what to do in the event of such a disaster but there is always room for improvement. By learning about past natural disasters, researchers can apply this knowledge to implementing more effective and sustainable disaster response procedures. Professor Shosuke Sato and his team at the Tohoku University International Research Institute of Disaster Science in Japan are committed to developing effective and sustainable responses to natural disasters based on scientific evidence. The institute is interdisciplinary, with four departments: Risk Evaluation and Disaster Mitigation Research (Science and Engineering); Disaster Humanities and Social Science (Humanities and Social Sciences); Disaster Medical Science (Medicine); and Practical Research and Collaboration Division. Sato and his team are working to shed light on the mechanisms and factors behind disaster experiences and memories that have been successfully passed down over many years, and to build a system which can effectively and sustainably pass down disaster experiences and memories. They have developed a disaster storyteller training programme and tested the method using examples from people who had experienced war. By listening to narratives, it is possible to feel the reality of disaster response and to increase the options for disaster response.

ANEMONYMS — EPISTEMOLOGICAL BASIS FOR CATEGORIZING THE NAMES OF NATURAL PHENOMENA AS A CATEGORY OF ONOMASTIC VOCABULARY

The article is devoted to anemonyms — proper names of natural disasters. The relevance of the study is due to the scanty, fragmentary data on anemonyms in Russian onomastics that hardly correlate with the results of foreign studies, while before our eyes the anemonym has transformed from a marginal onomastic implicature into an independent onymic unit that performs functions inherent to all categories of proper names. In connection with the climate crisis, the number of natural disasters is growing, not only causing enormous damage to the global economy, but also threatening survival. The linguo-pragmatic conditions for the choice of names, the origins and modern forms of anthropomorphism of anemonyms are revealed. It has been established that anemonyms are formed from anthroponyms (female and male personal names), toponyms, agionyms, caronyms, onyms from the sphere of biota, as well as on the basis of similarity in form.

Disaster preparedness of Hiroshima community health nurses: A mixed-method study

The number of natural disasters has increased globally as a result of climate change. Community nurses become frontline workers in disaster-struck areas, protecting their clients from harm and risk. The number of community-based healthcare providers in Japan has increased in recent years, along with the shift from cure-focused acute healthcare to home-based care settings. Many studies have investigated the preparedness and willingness to provide care in the aftermath of a disaster. However, there is still a dearth of knowledge on disaster preparedness among community-based healthcare professionals globally. This study investigated the preparedness of community nurses in Hiroshima, Japan, focusing on nurses providing home-based care. A mixed method design was employed, and data were collected through surveys and interviews. The survey results indicated a positive association between disaster experience and training, as well as training and the existence of a disaster plan. Further, participants reported that healthcare providers neglected the preparation of disaster plans due to time constraints and a lack of incentives; our results suggest that incentives may promote disaster preparedness.

Clustering Daerah Rawan Bencana Alam Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Provinsi Dengan Metode K-Means

Indonesia is a country located in a strategic geological position and is at the confluence of three world plates. This position causes Indonesia to become a country frequently hit by natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides and other natural disasters. Based on data obtained from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), from year to year the number of natural disasters always increases. The increase in the occurrence of natural disasters has led to the need for further research to find out how vulnerable areas are in Indonesia and can later reduce the risks posed when natural disasters occur. Researchers will use the K-Means Clustering method to classify natural disaster areas based on their level of vulnerability to natural disasters. Clustering is a process for grouping data into several clusters or groups. K-Means is a method for grouping non-hierarchical data (partitions) which can divide data into two or more groups. The source of this dataset comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and consists of 12 columns and the data used are landslides and no natural disasters. Then a search for the optimal K value was carried out using the elbow method and Silhouette Analysis which produced 2 clusters namely cluster 0 and cluster 1. The results of the clustering indicated that cluster 1 was classified as a disaster-prone area in Indonesia including Aceh, North Sumatra, West Java, Central Java, East Java.

Health and Safety Challenges Among Post-Disaster Reconstruction Workers

With the increase in the number of natural disasters in recent years, post-disaster reconstruction (PDR) efforts have become increasingly important to aid community recovery. Accordingly, a large body of recent research has focused on identifying the best practices for accelerating recovery and restoring impacted communities. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to the health and safety challenges experienced by reconstruction workers that aid post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts. The current investigation focused on addressing this knowledge gap by seeking to uncover the health and safety challenges that reconstruction workers experienced in the context of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal – that was responsible for nearly 9,000 deaths and 22,000 injuries. The data collection effort involved in-depth interviews with several stakeholders, including construction workers, supervisors, site engineers, general contractors, homeowners, and governmental officials. This study enhances our understanding of the health and safety challenges experienced by PDR workers. The study also offers insight on how the obtained knowledge can be leveraged by government and stakeholders with supervisory roles to ensure proper health, safety, and wellbeing of the reconstruction workers.

Profiling sociodemographic attributes and extreme precipitation events as mediators of climate-induced disasters in municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

IntroductionData indicate an increase in the number of natural disasters in Brazil, with a large share of these events occurring in the state of Minas Gerais. This study examines precipitation-related natural disasters recorded between 1991 and 2016 in Minas Gerais by identifying municipality profiles (encompassing the number of droughts, flash floods, and flooding events), their sensitivity to geophysical and extreme climatic exposure, and their relation to sociodemographic and infrastructure characteristics.MethodsWe combine climate data on seven extreme rainfall indices with elevation data for each municipal seat. We obtained data on droughts, flash floods, and floods from the Center for Engineering and Civil Defense Research and Studies. Population and socio-sanitary characteristics were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census. First, we modeled the climatic-geo-socio-sanitary data using latent class analysis as a pure latent cluster model (LCM) without covariates on seven extreme precipitation indices coupled with altitude data. Subsequently, the LCM was used to identify precipitation-related disaster clusters, including clusters from the 1S-LCM as an active covariate (2S-LCM). Finally, we utilized sociodemographic and infrastructure variables simultaneously with the clusters from the 2S-LCM on an LCM without active covariates (3S-LCM).ResultsOur results show an increase in precipitation-related disasters in Minas Gerais, with municipalities located in the northern part of the state being particularly affected. The state registered 5,553 natural disasters in this period, with precipitation-related disasters representing 94.5% of all natural disasters. The 1S-LCM identified four homoclimatic zones, encompassing a low-altitude dry zone, a relatively low-altitude intermediately wet zone, a relatively high-altitude intermediately wet zone, and a high-altitude wet zone. The 2S-LCM produced four precipitation-related disaster classes, denominated low risk, high risk of excess precipitation, intermediate risk of precipitation deficit and excess, and high risk of precipitation deficit.DiscussionCities with better infrastructure and sociodemographic profiles in semi-arid regions are more resilient to droughts. In richer areas, floods are still a concern where incomplete urbanization transitions may undermine resilience to these events as they increase in intensity with the advance of climate change.

The Presence of a Play Space for Post Disaster Recovery

From the year 2000 to the year 2022, Indonesia has had a number of natural disasters that were big enough to be called "national disasters." After a natural disaster occurs, it has a significant physical and social impact. The Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method is applied to determine the handling priority after a disaster due to the simple calculation process. The physical and psychological impacts caused by natural disasters in Indonesia are often ignored consciously. With the aim of normalization, it is necessary to repair and restore all aspects of public or community services as part of an effort to rehabilitate post-disaster areas. It is important to recognize the contribution to post-disaster reconstruction for victims who lost daily routine activities, emotional disturbance, family loss, and a sense of security. Trauma can be categorized as acute versus chronic and early versus late. The focus of this study was examining the presence of play spaces for post-disaster recovery. The hope is that this research aims to find out the extent of the presence of play spaces in providing services for post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Numbers and Severity of Natural Disaster in Ghana

Purpose: Ghana has suffered some disasters both natural and manmade. Several natural disasters have occurred from the days of biblical Noah until now. These natural disasters have taken various forms; floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruption tsunamis, tornadoes, landslides, hurricane, and among others. Within the past decades, natural disaster has become a global pandemic which hampers economic and social development. This global phenomenon has affected over 6 million people and cause economic damage of approximately $870,700,000 in Ghana .it is necessary or advisable to ascertain the causes of the natural disasters(floods) in Ghana and the propose an approach that disaster(floods) impacts and save lives and properties. My case study will be in Accra, the capital town of Ghana, which have been employed in my study since it recorded the highest natural disaster like (floods) and how best it can be managed using the statistical approach.
 Methodology: The study used Desktop literature approach.
 Findings: The study reveals that natural disasters are a great threat to humanity. Although they occurred long before the first human populated the planet, we likely contribute to an increase in natural disasters through our behavior. The number of natural disasters seems to be positively correlated to an increase in the earth’s temperature.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that countries should improve their emergency measures in order to save as many people as possible. They should also work together in order to mitigate the problem of natural disasters and ensure a livable future for future generations

UAV Trajectory Optimization in a Post-Disaster Area Using Dual Energy-Aware Bandits.

Over the past few years, with the rapid increase in the number of natural disasters, the need to provide smart emergency wireless communication services has become crucial. Unmanned aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gained much attention as promising candidates due to their unprecedented capabilities and broad flexibility. In this paper, we investigate a UAV-based emergency wireless communication network for a post-disaster area. Our optimization problem aims to optimize the UAV's flight trajectory to maximize the number of visited ground users during the flight period. Then, a dual cost-aware multi-armed bandit algorithm is adopted to tackle this problem under the limited available energy for both the UAV and ground users. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could solve the optimization problem and maximize the achievable throughput under these energy constraints.

Data quality assessment of Copernicus Climate Change Service health domain data for the development of disaster risk reduction plans

Bulgaria, located in the Balkans, is subject to a number of natural disasters including floods, earthquakes, landslides, forest fires, strong winds, droughts, heavy snowfall and extreme temperatures. In addition to natural disasters, the country is at risk for man-made events like industrial and nuclear accidents, transport accidents, and infectious diseases. Disaster planning and prevention is a complex process that requires multiple data sources. At the same time, spatial data are often not available on-line, so the country's GIS specialists may find existing spatial data to be a great challenge. This research analyses the application of the health sector data provided by the Copernicus Climate Change Service to support the development, implementation and evaluation of disaster risk management plans in Bulgaria. The climate data visualizations provided by the service enable scientists and other stakeholders to view climate change data in a format that is simple to use, visually understandable, and usable for decision makers in government, business, and non-governmental organizations. Many of these visualizations are interdisciplinary and may be critical for gathering and applying information needed to develop disaster risk reduction plans.

Aggie Disaster Response Mental Health Recovery Network: Hurricane Disaster Recovery in North Carolina

As the number of natural disasters and the population of the world continues to increase, it is extremely important that new models of community response and recovery are developed, particularly related to longer-term mental health recovery. To that end and given the need to address behavioral health concerns within North Carolina (NC) for those impacted by Hurricanes Florence and Michael, the Aggie Disaster Response Mental Health Recovery Network (ADRMHRN) was created to support those in post-disaster mental health distress. This network sought to connect clients to services through the creation of an extensive community resource network along with robust mental health service provider partnerships to treat those experiencing longer-term behavioral health recovery challenges. Disaster behavioral health, mental health first responder, clinical best practice trainings for community members, current service providers, and the future behavioral health workforce were additional project components with the ultimate goal to increase quality client care in the community. Preliminary results and implications for future effective disaster response are also shared.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF MEASURES TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

The problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is global in nature and requires not only the joint efforts of all countries, but also the use of effective mechanisms to address it. Greenhouse gas emissions from the oil and gas industry are a negative phenomenon associated with the extraction, storage, processing, transportation of hydrocarbons. They have a negative impact on the environment and the safety of human life. The development of modern approaches to the selection and comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the oil and gas industry is an urgent scientific problem that requires the development and implementation of advanced methods, especially today, when climate change has become one of the world’s major environmental and economic problems. Global climate change is driven by a steady increase in greenhouse gas emissions, accompanied by an increase in the number of natural disasters and, as a result, the scale of economic losses. The type of target function for the assessment and selection of options for the implementation of environmental measures as a minimization of specific losses reduced to the unit of reduced greenhouse gas emissions is substantiated. It takes into account production, technological, environmental and social constraints and allows you to choose the option that provides the maximum reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the oil and gas industry at minimum cost. An ecological and economic mechanism has been developed, which allows to reasonably choose measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions taking into account all factors, to assess options for their implementation in the implementation of environmental activities in the oil and gas industry.

Impact of natural disasters on the income distribution

During the last decades, the United States experienced an increase in the number of natural disasters and their destructive capability. Several studies suggest a damaging effect of natural disasters on income. In this paper, I estimate the effects of natural disasters on the entire income distribution using county-level data in the United States. In particular, I determine the income fractions that are affected by natural disasters. The results suggest that in the short-term natural disasters primarily affect middle incomes, thereby leaving income inequality levels unchanged. In addition, the paper examines potential channels that intensify or mitigate the effects, such as unemployment insurance or disaster severity. The findings show that unemployment benefits are an important adaptation tool that reduces the effects of natural disasters. In contrast, the occurrence of multiple and severe disasters aggravate the effects. Finally, the analysis detects heterogeneous effects on incomes by disaster type.

Increased Medicaid Funding for Territories Urgently Needed, Experts Say

Increased Medicaid Funding for Territories Urgently Needed, Experts Say

Mini Special Issue on Studies of Historical and Archaeological Materials for Disaster Research

Japan is a country that experiences a considerable number of natural disasters. It sees frequent seismic and volcanic activity because it is located on the boundaries of multiple plates. In addition, the temperate monsoon climate brings heavy rains and therefore floods and landslides. Since ancient times, the Japanese have repeatedly recovered from various natural disasters. That history has much to teach those living alive now. In Japan, observation systems for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have been set up, and research based on the records of these instruments is actively being done. However, some earthquakes and eruptions repeat at intervals of hundreds of years, making the investigation of historical and archaeological materials essential if the true circumstances of such natural events and damage they caused are to be learned. A part of the historical disaster research currently being conducted in Japan is presented in this mini special issue. This mini special issue contains four papers. Ebara’s paper, taking up the ways in which artificial development has transformed the topography in the last 500 years, considers the relationship between the original topography and the damage caused by typhoons. Kaneko’s contribution considers the damage sustained by one village that was hit by the tsunami that resulted from the great earthquake in the early 18th century. Kaneko surveys archaeological sites and tombstones that reveal that many of the victims were women and children. Sugimori et al. elucidate the exact time of the great earthquake in the 19th century by using historical materials written in Japanese, English, and Russian. Along with the importance of comparing and contrasting various literatures, the work teaches us that disasters have no borders. Murata proposes a method of utilizing archaeological excavations in earthquake research. It also presents a case in which the condition of the ground, which cannot be understood by surface observation alone, is estimated from traces of a disaster. From these papers, readers can learn the potential of historical and archaeological materials in disaster research.

Analysis of existing models of climate change and identification of zones which are suitable for agricultural production in the context of rural territories

The object of research is the methodology of existing models of climate change and the identification of areas that are suitable for agricultural production. The consequences of natural disasters (floods, tornadoes, tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions etc.) are the destruction of local ecosystems and the local economy, the emergence of threats to food and water supply, the creation of social conflicts, internal and external migration. Damage from natural disasters is estimated at billions of dollars. The economies of countries in which natural disasters are being synchronized cannot recover on their own and need international assistance, especially the placement of climate refugees in other countries. An analysis of recent research and publications shows that its authors do not even pose such a problem. In the period from 2011 to 2020 alone, the number of natural disasters in the world increased 7 times, in particular in Europe – 41 times. The study shows that the concept of anthropogenic impact on climate change, sustainable development and possible adaptation through environmental and energy and resource conservation measures must be considered erroneous. International spending on climate change adaptation programs around the world is inefficient. The theoretical basis on which these concepts have been built so far needs to be revised, and the environmental policy of all countries of the world is subject to radical transformation. The practical significance of research is to improve the model of climate change, which is used to develop forecast scenarios for world events, based on the dependence of CO2 emissions. from anthropogenic human activity. Since the results of any mathematical model depend on the input data and the correlation of the relationships embedded in such a model, the percentage of reliability and probability of implementation of such a model is also estimated. Therefore, climate models developed at the initiative of the International Group of Experts on Climate Change cannot be used as a basis for substantiating recommendations for the transformation of agriculture in accordance with climate change.