Number Of Motor Vehicles Research Articles

About the Optimized Design of the Parking Space on the Campus of a College

In recent years, with the large increase in the number of motor vehicles in colleges and universities and the lag in campus planning, the relative shortage of parking spaces on campus has become increasingly serious. Taking Baoding College as an example, this article analyzes the current situation of static traffic on campus and finds out the problem of parking on campus through questionnaire surveys and field surveys. Analyze the growth trend of the number of motor vehicles based on the data, use the GM (1, 1) model and the linear fitting model to predict the number of motor vehicles in the future, and determine the size and layout of the parking lot based on the campus size, functional zoning, and road layout. The big campus-based parking system planning method based on big data can effectively solve the problems of small sample data, low accuracy, and poor timeliness of traditional methods, which improves the practicability and scientificity of planning results.

Study on Influence of Opening Roads in Community on Urban Traffic Planning and Scheduling

With the development of modern economy and society, the urban population grows and the number of motor vehicles keeps increasing. The traffic jam follows up, and has become a common problem in many cities, especially in the large cities. How to plan and schedule in advance is an intelligent planning problem. Reasonable planning and scheduling can effectively alleviate the urban traffic jams. In this paper, AHP method is used to establish a hierarchical structure, and demonstrate the effect of opening roads in community in different time by the qualitative to quantitative principle. In view of this, this paper gives rational suggestion of the opening roads in the community, and provides reference for the construction of the new intelligent living community in the future.

Thinking beyond lockdowns and social distancing: Identifying the predictors of spread for COVID-19 pandemic using ecological correlation study

Background: COVID-19 (SARSCoV2 or 2019 novel coronavirus [nCov]) pandemic has spread to every continent except Antarctica, and cases have been rising daily globally. However, COVID-19 is not just a health crisis. Aim: The present study was aimed to identify the predictors defining spread of the pandemic. Methodology: An ecological correlation study was conducted to identify the factors predicting the spread of COVID-19 (SARSCoV2 or 2019 nCov) pandemic worldwide. For this purpose, countries affected with Covid-19 worldwide from both the northern and southern hemispheres were included using a predefined inclusion criteria. Data from the selected countries were retrieved for the duration extending from January 1, 2020, to March 31, 2020. Results: A significant moderate positive correlation between cumulative Covid-19 cases and number of motor vehicles registered per 100 persons was observed in January 2020 (r = 0.623, P = 0.01) and March 2020 (r = 0.620, P = 0.01). Population density remained positively correlated with the cases of Covid-19. A strong significant correlation was observed in February (r = 0.746, P = 0.001). Increase in the length of highway road in countries was statistically significantly correlated with the increase of cases in the month of March 2020 (r = 0.644, P = 0.007). However, after accounting for all the variables, none of the variables could be identified as an independent predictor of cumulative cases except for time (in form of months). The R2 of the model was 41.4%. Conclusions: Urbanization, urban clustering, and population density may be the important contributors in spread; however, their role as independent predictor may be questionable. Therefore, it is time to think beyond social distancing and lockdowns and strengthen primary care and public health.

Development and Implementation of Integrated Road Traffic Injuries Surveillance - India (IRIS-India): A Protocol.

Road traffic accidents stand as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity across the globe. The reasons for the high burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in developing countries are increasing in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, inadequacy of health infrastructure and poor transport facility. However, the systematic collection of road traffic data is not well developed in many developing countries including India and under-reporting of RTIs and deaths are common. Hence, surveillance of RTIs is recommended to assess the burden, to identify high-risk groups, to establish an association with probable risk factors and to plan interventions to control the RTIs. The broad objective of this study is to establish an electronic-based comprehensive and integrated RTI surveillance system, to assess the burden of RTIs, its risk factors and outcomes across rural and urban settings in India. This study with the support of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is progressing in three cities (Chennai, Delhi and Jaipur) and two rural areas (Chittoor and Tehri-Garhwal). At each centre, major sources of data can be categorized under two categories including health facilities and community. In urban areas, one trauma centre, one private hospital and a community of 10000-population are included in the study. In rural areas, a district hospital, a private nursing home and two sub-centres areas of different primary health centres at each site are included for the surveillance. Passive surveillance is done at the trauma centres/district hospitals, while active surveillance is done in private hospitals/nursing homes, sub-centres and communities. Before establishing the surveillance system, situational analysis has been undertaken. Surveillance-related software was developed during the preparatory stage. This electronic surveillance platform allowed to gather data electronically across multiple sites. This internet-enabled surveillance platform has several modules to capture and analyse the data. The present study provides a model of surveillance including both passive and active surveillance to cover maximum number of RTIs. This study further provides the first comprehensive epidemiology of RTIs. The results of these studies will contribute to the setting of research and investment priorities to tackle the burden of RTIs.

Variation trends and principal component analysis of nitrogen oxide emissions from motor vehicles in Wuhan City from 2012 to 2017

In addition to fine particulate matter and oxysulfides, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by motor vehicles are among the most important pollutants affecting air quality and public health in those urban areas where centralized heating and chemical industry absent. We utilized correlation analysis (pearson correlation coefficient and spearman correlation coefficient) and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the variation trends and main causes of NOx emissions from motor vehicles in Wuhan City. We considered the total number of motor vehicles (TN), ratios of motor vehicles of different emission standards (RE), rations of labeled motor vehicles (RL), and rations of motor vehicles’ fuel types (RF). The results show that: 1) with an increase in the total amount of motor vehicles, the NOx emissions of motor vehicles have been decreasing since 2015; 2) three sub-categories (the ratio of the State III emission standard, the ration of yellow label diesel vehicles, and the ration of diesel vehicles) were recognized as key indexes of PE, PL and PF, respectively, in the PCA; 3) a new parameter, the ESindex is proposed as an index to represent the variation trend of the NOx emissions of motor vehicles in Wuhan City.

Smart Secure and Warning System in Hair Pin Bends at Hill Stations Based on ZigBee Technology

The main reason which has led, traffic congestion as a ‘worldwide’ phenomenon over the last few decades is the increased population growth and the number of motor vehicles. With the help ofZigbee communication the system of management of road traffic has been significantly improved. The ant colonies and the principles of swarm intelligence have enlightened the system of road traffic management which has been proposed in this paper. Camera is fixed in every part of the bend .The sensor which is of ultrasonic in nature is used to find if there is any obstacle that is transmitted through theZigbee transmitter and the receiver section fixed in every car receives the information and that is announced in speaker and if any abnormalities the buzzer will alert the driver and these are displayed in the LCD display. Ultrasonic sensorsare used to find the distance of the neighbor vehicles and transfer the adapted data to receiver.IR is used to find the number of incoming vehicles.

Research about the construction of intelligent transportation system under the big data of vehicle networking

In recent years, the number of motor vehicles in China has been increasing, but the construction of road traffic system is still relatively backward, and traffic jams and traffic safety problems often occur. At present, the concept of vehicle networking technology has gradually emerged. We can collect the position, status and surrounding environment information of vehicles by the technology, and then use big data method to analyse and process the information, so as to effectively manage and control the road traffic system and provide comprehensive services for drivers. In this paper, based on vehicle networking and the big data technology, the construction method of the Intelligent Transportation System will be further discussed, and the design scheme of the Intelligent Transportation System of a certain area will be provided.

Addressing GHG emissions from land transport in a developing country

The number of motor vehicles in Malaysia is growing at a significant rate, from around 15 million in 2005 to around 25 million in 2014. Based on the National GHG Inventory as reported to UNFCC, as a whole the transport sector has consistently remained the second largest GHG emitting sector in the country, accounting for 20% of the country’s total GHG emissions in 2014 of which about 18% comes from road transportation. In this paper, a possible approach in addressing the GHG emissions from the land transport sector is presented. The avoid-shift-improve strategy is employed to determine the possible measures to deal with mitigating the GHG emissions. Computation of GHG emissions for 2014 revealed that car is the vehicle with the biggest contribution, due to its large numbers and also VKT. Motorcycles, on the other hand, have relatively lower GHG contribution despite its huge numbers, while goods vehicle have significant GHG contribution despite its small number of vehicles. Public transport (both rail and bus) can significantly reduce GHG emission for each passenger-kilometer compared to other alternatives. Opting for smaller vehicle can also reduce GHG emissions. Another potential solution towards lower GHG emission is adoption of electric mobility and alternative fuel.

Spatio-temporal evolution of ozone pollution and its influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

Ozone has become a major atmospheric pollutant in China as the pattern of urban energy usage has changed and the number of motor vehicles has grown rapidly. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, also known as the Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration (hereafter, JJJUA), with a precarious balance between protecting the ecological environment and sustaining economic development, is challenged by high levels of ozone pollution. Based on ozone observation data from 13 cities in the JJJUA from 2014 to 2017, the spatio-temporal trends in the evolution of ozone pollution and its associated influencing factors were analyzed using Moran’s I Index, hot-spot analysis, and Geodetector using ArcGIS and SPSS software. Five key results were obtained. 1) There was an increase in the annual average ozone concentration, for the period 2014–2017. Comparing the 13 prefecture-level cities, ozone pollution in Chengde and Hengshui decreased, while it worsened in the remaining 11 cities. 2) Ozone pollution was worse in spring and summer than in autumn and winter; the peak ozone pollution season was from May to September; the average ozone concentration on workdays was higher than that on non-workdays, showing a counter-weekend effect. 3) Annual average concentrations were high in the central and southern parts of the study region but low in the north. 4) Prominent positive spatial correlations were observed in ozone concentration, with the best correlations shown in summer and autumn; concentrations were high in Baoding and Xingtai but low in Beijing and Chengde. 5) Concentrations of PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and PM2.5, as well as average wind speed, sunshine duration, evaporation, precipitation, and temperature, all had significant effects on ozone pollution, and interactions between these influencing factors increased it.

Temporal variation of suspended particles (TSP, PM10, and PM2.5) and chemical composition of PM10 in a site at the coast of the Gulf of Mexico

A study of temporal variations of particulate matter in different size fractions (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) was undertaken in the city of San Francisco de Campeche (SFC), in southeast Mexico, in the years 2014 and 2015 in order to assess the contribution of the chemical components. The samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and ion exchange chromatography (IC) for PM10. XRF identified the presence of Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn. The results of a cluster analysis (CA) indicates a strong correlation of S and P in the three fractions due to agricultural land use and this may be related to the burning of biomass during the dry season. Also the CA also suggests that the elements Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe can be associated with a geological origin. The results of the IC analysis show high levels of Na+, Cl−, and SO4−2 and the latter must be related to anthropogenic sources. The application of principal components analysis (PCA) suggests that Na+, Cl− and Mg+2 are associated with marine aerosols; NO3− and SO4−2 are from emissions related to fuel combustion due to increase in the number of motor vehicles in the city.

The use of crumb rubber for replacing fine aggregate in cold mixture asphalt

In order to consider the environmental impact, this study investigated the effect of crumb rubber on the mechanical performance of cold mixture asphalt. Crumb rubber was obtained from the process of recycling waste tires, which this waste material becomes a major environmental problem due to the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles in Indonesia. Cold mixture asphalt is an environmental friendly option on flexible pavement, which reduces energy consumption because it does not need heat during the process as in hot mixture asphalt. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted for Dense Graded Emulsion Mixture Type IV. The first stage in this study was to perform laboratory experiments on compacted mixture to determine the optimum residual bitumen content. In the next stage, a series of tests on crumb rubber mixtures were conducted in the optimum residual bitumen content condition to investigate the effect of crumb rubber as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. Fine aggregate in cold mixture asphalt was replaced with 50% of crumb rubber. Three different sizes of crumb rubber, 20 mesh (0.841 mm), 40 mesh (0.42 mm) and 60 mesh (0.25 mm), were applied in a series of laboratory experiments. Tests were done using Marshall Test equipment to obtain the mechanical performance of cold mixture asphalt. The finding indicated that finer crumb rubber produced higher stability than the larger size of crumb rubber. Even though the use of crumb rubber decreased stability of mixtures, it still met the minimum specified requirement of cold mixture asphalt. The stability of the crumb rubber cold mixtures were also comparable to hot mixture asphalt. Replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber on cold mixture asphalt is expected to overcome the environmental problems by reuse the waste materials to preserve the natural aggregates.

Environmental Impact of ICE Vehicles and Battery Electric Vehicles: Comparison and Assessment of Impact Factors

In 2017 the number of motor vehicles, being in operation in the world, exceeded 1,5 billion units. Motorization has caused serious problems for safety of the environment, life and health of humans.This article discusses various factors of impact of motorisation and automobilisation on the environment.Until recently, harmful emissions from vehicles have been considered as the main significant factor in environmental pollution. Due to implementation of the technical policy for implementation of EURO environmental standards, the «center of gravity» in the problems of improving the environmental safety of vehicles is moving towards minimising the heat entering the environment after being emitted by motor vehicles engines. The greatest practical interest is associated with the recovery of energy spent on traction, as the recovery increases the energy efficiency of road transport while reducing the negative impact on the environment.A comparative assessment of cars with internal combustion engines and battery electric vehicles showed that the overall negative impact of comparable vehicles on the environment currently differs slightly.It is necessary to continue research and development in the field of energy recovery problems.

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA C 4.5 DAN ALGORITMA ID3 UNTUK MENGANALISIS KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP PELAYANAN BENGKEL KENDARAAN BERMOTOR

AbstractThe growth of motor vehicle repair services business is a business that can be said to have a very high growth in Indonesia. This is due to the large number of motor vehicles in the country. Customer satisfaction in a business is important because of the satisfaction of the customer who will move the business forward. In this study results of consumer satisfaction survey in the workshop was analyzed using classification method with C 4.5 algorithm and Iterative Dichotomiser algorithm 3 (ID3). The results of the C 4.5 algorithm and the Iterative Dichotomiser algorithm 3 (ID3) Customers are satisfied with the reliability, Assurance (assurance) and responsiveness (responsiveness) attributes, while the less attributes are tangible (physical evidence). The C 4.5 algorithm and the Iterative Dichotomiser algorithm 3 (ID3) can be used to find the level of customer satisfaction with good value, enough, and less. From the calculation result two methods namely algorithm method C 4.5 and ID3 algorithm Get the result of the same decision tree, although the formula of two methods is different. While the suggested improvement of the results of this research is an improvement on the tangible attribute (physical evidence).Keywords : Workshop, C 4.5, Dichotomiser Iterative 3 (ID3), Classification.

Introducing the RZ model for definition and optimization of the boundary of low emission zones

Abstract Poor urban air quality is one of the most pressing environmental problems, and the rapid growth in the number of motor vehicles is a major contributor to it. To tackle this problem, low emission zones (LEZs) were introduced and they have been applied in many of the mega cities around the world. Yet, a scientific approach to design the boundaries of LEZs is missing. This study develops an innovative model to address this gap, using total vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) as the basis. The model allows defining and/or optimizing the LEZ boundaries. It is applied for the Tehran metropolitan area, as a case study, and the results show the optimality of the existing LEZ boundaries; however, they challenge the efficiency of the proposed policies on modifying current boundaries.

Air Pollution Monitoring System using Node Mcu and Air Quality Sensors

In today’s world, due to the fast growth in number of motor vehicles and industrial evolution, the environment around us is more polluted. The pollution majorly affects the quality of air and causes the major health issues to living beings. The major reason for atmosphere contamination is due to releasing of harmful gases like carbon di-oxide, carbon monoxide etc. from factories, vehicles and from combustion of fossil fuels. It is necessary to monitor the percentage of pollutant present in the air which will leads to environmental issues. To overcome this, we have designed a tool using IoT technology. The air pollution monitoring tool includes Microcontroller and Sensors that provides the provision to monitor the quality of air by detecting the harmful gases present in the atmosphere. The pollution level can be monitored remotely using PC or smart phones. The data is store in cloud and can be accessed remotely.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Environmental Noise in Institutional Area

Environmental noise is identified as unwanted sound arises mainly from motor vehicles. The increasing number of motor vehicles in institutional area would negatively affect the environment and students learning process. This study assesses the variability of environmental noise in institutional area in terms of temporal and spatial analysis. Noise level was taken in Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) campus by using sound level meter at varying time intervals of 0700hrs - 1000hrs (morning), 1100hrs – 1400hrs (afternoon) and 1500hrs – 1800hrs (evening) and noise mapping was constructed by using Surfer14® and SketchUp® software. Lmax (78.8 dBA, weekday (WD) and 84.4 dBA, weekend (WK)), LAeq (75.0 dBA, WD and 75.5 dBA, WK), Lmin (43.9 dBA, WD and 41.3 dBA, WK), L10 (66.8 dBA, WD and 58.5 dBA, WK) and L90 (47.5 dBA, WD and 44.4 dBA, WK) were evaluated. Motor vehicles from Class M (cars and buses) shows strong correlation with noise level (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, r=0.74, p<0.01, WD) while Class L (motorcycle) shows strong correlation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient r=0.59, p<0.01, WK). The finding from this study is important for UMT management team to control noise pollution in campus in line to reduce noise exposure towards university students and staff.

EFEKTIVITAS E-SAMSAT, PAJAK PROGRESIF DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR

The Effectiveness of E-Samsat, Progressive Tax and Quality of Service in Improving Vehicle Tax Compliance. The more the economy develops, the more needs and welfare of the community will increase, thus increasing the implementation of government tasks in development and services to improve the welfare of the community. As time goes on, Indonesian State revenues increasingly depend on revenues from the tax sector. Tax is the most dominant source of revenue and is one of the government's efforts to realize national development. Motor Vehicle Tax is one of the highest tax contributors in Regional Original Income and each year the number of motor vehicles continues to increase. Therefore the government issued an E-SAMSAT innovation as a means of convenience for taxpayers to pay taxes, and imposed a progressive tax to control the level of congestion that was generated by the high use of motorized vehicles, as well as the quality of services provided to taxpayers to feel comfortable when performing their obligations. This study has a focus on problems, namely the effectiveness of E-SAMSAT, progressive tax and service quality on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance in 2018, whether by implementing the system and the regulation can improve motor vehicle taxpayer compliance.The results of the study found that the effectiveness of the use of e-Samsat can affect motor vehicle tax compliance in the UPT. Regional Revenue Agency of the Province of Bali in the City of Denpasar. With the implementation of the Progressive Tax at the UPT. The Regional Revenue Agency of Bali Province in Denpasar City greatly influences the level of compulsory tax compliance of motorized vehicles. The level of compliance of motor vehicle taxpayers declined but was not very meaningful. Service quality at UPT. The Provincial Revenue Agency of Bali in Denpasar City strives to be improved in accordance with the rules and SOPs of regulation, by providing the best attitude, excellent service to improve service quality. The application of eSamsat and Progressive Tax and the quality of service can improve motor vehicle taxpayer compliance.

Use of Multi-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Fine-Grained Roadside Air Pollution Monitoring

With increasing numbers of motor vehicles, vehicle exhaust gas has become one of the most important sources of urban air pollutants. After being emitted from the motor vehicle, exhaust gas spreads through the air along the road and is gradually deposited in the surrounding area, having an adverse impact on pedestrians and residents. At present, most research on vehicle exhaust directly measures the total emissions from the exhaust pipe or monitors the time variation of air pollutants at the roadside by setting roadside monitoring stations. The spatial resolution of these two methods is very low, however, and it is impossible to describe accurately the diffusion patterns of exhaust gas in the atmosphere after discharge. Some scholars have conducted research on the quality of roadside air by hand-held portable devices, but these are limited by the speed of travel, and the spatial and temporal resolution of the acquired data is also very low. By using multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and portable equipment, this study demonstrates an atmospheric environment monitoring system based on multi-rotor UAV by designing corresponding hardware circuits and software programs. With flexible requirements for takeoff or landing sites and high maneuverability of multi-rotor UAVs, the system increases the capability for high resolution spatial and temporal monitoring of the diffusion of traffic-emitted pollutants. The system can conduct fixed-point measurement by hovering, and can also measure air pollutants in complex urban terrain, providing an innovation in the study of vehicle exhaust gas diffusion.

Analisa Pengaruh Kecepatan Kendaraan terhadap Tingkat Kebisingan yang Terjadi pada Ruas Jalan dengan Perkerasan Kaku

Along with the increasing needs of people inMakassar city for the mode of transportation, the number of thegrowth of motor vehicles that operate on the road becomes largerthan the growth of the number of roads built. This has causedsome problems in the transportation sector. In addition tocongestion problems, problems arise from road surface damagedue to increasing traffic loads that must be borne by the roadsurface. To anticipate this, some strategic streets in the city ofMakassar then designed by using a rigid pavement that hasgreater strength in carrying the burden. Another problem thatarises from the growing number of motor vehicles that operateon the road is greater than the growth of the number of roadsbuilt is the higher levels of noise pollution or traffic noise. Noise issourced from the sound of a vehicle engine and the frictionbetween the vehicle tire and the road surface. So that roads withrigid surface pavement surfaces that have a rougher surfacetexture, potentially lead to higher noise levels. This study aims todetermine how much noise levels that occur in roads that userigid pavement in the city of Makassar. The road segments, suchas Jl. Abd. Dg. Sirua, Jl. Batua Raya and Jl. Adhyaksa. The toolused to measure traffic noise is the Sound Level Meter (SLM).The survey was conducted for 1 day for each of the roadsegments reviewed. The data taken are the level data of flatnessof road surface, vehicle speed data and traffic noise level data.Data processing is done by analyzing the relationship between thefactors that affect the noise with the noise level that occurs on theroad with rigid pavement. The results of this study are expectedto provide information about how big the effect of vehicle speedon the noise level that arises on the road with rigid pavement.Keyword--Noise; speed of vehicle; Rigid Pavement

Nonlinear optimization to management problems of end-of-life vehicles with environmental protection awareness and damaged/aging degrees

In the past one decade, an increasing number of motor vehicles necessarily results in huge amounts of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) in the future. From the view point of environment protection and resource utilization, government subsidy and public awareness of environmental protection play a critical role in promoting the formal recycle enterprises to recycle the ELVs as many as possible. Different from the existing similar models, a mixed integer nonlinear optimization model is established in this paper to formulate the management problems of recycling ELVs as a centralized decision-making system, where damaged and aging degrees, correlation between the recycled quantity and take-back price of ELVs, and the public environmental protection awareness are considered. Unlike the results available in the literature, take-back prices of the ELVs are the endogenous variables of the model (decision variables), which affect the collected quantity of ELVs and the profit of recycling system. Additionally, due to distinct damaged and aging degrees of the ELVs, the refurbished or dismantled amounts of ELVs are also regarded as the decision variables so that the recycle system is more applicable. By case study and sensitivity analysis, validity of the model is verified and impacts of the governmental subsidy and environmental awareness are analyzed. By the proposed model, it is revealed that: (1) Distinct treatment of ELVs with different damaged and aging degrees can increase the profit of recycling ELVs; (2) Compared with the transportation cost, higher processing cost is a main obstacle to the profit growth. Advanced processing technology plays the most important role in improving the ELV recovery efficiency. (3) Both of government subsidy and environmental awareness seriously affect decision-making of recycle enterprises.