Number Of Motives Research Articles

The Unidroit Principles on International Commercial Contracts and sustainable development

Abstract A number of motivations currently drive multinational corporations to the inclusion, monitoring, and enforcement of contract requirements for sustainability. These can be either as a result of investor demand for environment, social, and governance policies; regulatory requirements for inclusion of such contract stipulations; or the increasing litigation for conduct leading to environmental harm, but they can also be a result of reputational risk linked to the failure of adoption of such policies. This article examines the role of contract law in enforcing such requirements, which have traditionally been viewed with suspicion due to their unilateral nature. The article poses the features of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law’s Principles on International Commercial Contracts as a beneficial regime to further the goals of sustainability through the use of contextual interpretation enabled through the good faith principle, the recognition of the importance of trade usages, and the limitations placed on party autonomy. The article posits that a major shift in the ideological orientation of contract law through the imposition of limitations on the pacta sunt servanda principle in order to protect the public interest is not warranted. Rather, tools such as contractual interpretation and the establishment of contractual standards of sustainability are better placed to ensure enforcement and compliance with the widely established practice of inclusion of sustainability standards and codes of conduct.

The impact of dividend payout policies on real estate market diversification

AbstractAn asymmetric DCC – GJR – GARCH model is applied to the Turkish and US REIT markets in order to estimate the time‐varying correlations between the REIT and stock markets. Using these estimated correlations, we investigate the impact of dividend payouts on the diversification potential of REITs for stock market investors. Our choice of the Turkish REIT market is based on its unique REIT dividend policy, while US data provide a benchmark for comparison. This study has a number of motivations and contributions that make it a worthwhile undertaking. First, we document that REIT dividend policy is related to the correlation between REIT and stock markets. Dividend paying REITs have lower correlations with stock markets, which makes the REIT market a viable portfolio diversifier. Second, we confirm that REITs and stock prices cointegrated more closely due to the 2008 global financial crisis. We additionally document that a similar effect was also present in the correlation during the global Covid‐19 pandemic crisis. It appears that REIT and stock markets become more correlated during times of financial turmoil and diversification opportunities are diminished. Finally, we document that there is a long‐term trend in the time‐varying correlations between REIT and stock markets. Türkiye has been experiencing a negative trend in this regard, while the US has been experiencing a positive trend.

VR/AR TECHNOLOGIES FOR E-LEARNING

The article is devoted to the analysis of the latest information technologies, the process of virtualization of the world educational space and the introduction of virtual and augmented reality technologies into the educational process of higher education institutions. The relationship between the real and virtual educational environment is identified and characterized. Mastery of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) is a prerequisite for a digital society. Modern students are a network generation for which the electronic way of receiving educational information is a component of their life. ICT has become their usual everyday tool, and e-learning gives them access to global educational resources and improves the quality of the educational process as a whole. In e-education, all educational content is presented only in electronic form. A feature of the development of higher education is the use of the latest advances in ICT and the emergence of a new environment – virtual, which transforms the traditional system of higher education into electronic. In many countries around the world, e-learning has become an integral part of modern education. Ukrainian higher education institutions are also moving towards e-learning as one that aims to acquire in-depth professional competencies and knowledge. Virtual reality technologies challenge researchers to increase access to the practical application of these technologies in solving professional problems. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of using the latest digital technologies, namely virtual reality technologies in the educational process of the higher education system of Ukraine. The article uses methods of application of the latest digital technologies, namely virtual reality technologies in the educational process of the higher education system of Ukraine. The main feature of the digital space is its unique opportunities for communication, self-expression and self-determination. The Internet activity of higher education students is accompanied by a number of motives, goals, needs, attitudes, phenomena, knowledge associated with this new environment. There are many useful applications and interesting educational channels through which you can learn something new.

Motivation for Meditation and its Association with Meditation Practice in a National Sample of Internet Users.

There is limited understanding of what motivates people to initiate and sustain a meditation practice. This study investigates initial and current motivations for meditation, demographic variability in motivations, and associations with ongoing and lifetime meditation practice. A national sample of internet users were recruited to examine initial and current motivations for meditation practice. 953 participants completed initial screening and 470 (49.3%) reported exposure to meditation practice. 434 (92.3%) completed a follow-up assessment. Participants most frequently reported mental health/stress alleviation as an initial motivation (n = 322, 74.2%) followed by spiritual (n = 122, 28.1%), physical health (n = 69, 15.9%), awakening/enlightenment (n = 64, 14.7%), cultural (n = 51, 11.8%) and other (n = 33, 7.6%). Participants reported a mean of 1.52 (SD = 0.83) initial motivations. Among those currently meditating, a significant increase in the number of motivations was found between initial and current motivations (1.60 [SD = 0.89] and 2.11 [SD = 1.16]), for initial and current motivations, respectively, Cohen's d = 0.45). The number of motivations was positively associated with meditation practice. Initial mental health motivation was found to be negatively associated with current and lifetime meditation practice, whereas spiritual motivation was found to be positively associated. While meditation started as a tool for spiritual attainment, findings suggest that it is predominantly used in the U.S. for mental health support and to manage stress. Findings suggest that both type and number of motivations may relate to the course of practice.

On the Question of the Literary Background of “Boris Godunovˮ by A. S. Pushkin (the Tragedy by M. M. Kheraskov “Borislavˮ)

The article deals with two tragedies – “Borislav&8j1; by M.M. Kheraskov and “Boris Godunov&8j1; by A.S. Pushkin; some common places in the texts of works are established. The plots, composition and poetics of the tragedies are fundamentally different, but there is a similarity in a number of motives and features inherent in the main characters – Borislav (“king of Bohemia”) and Boris Godunov. Both rulers are of conditionally low origin, they achieve power by harsh methods, they are seen as tyrants around, as a result of which both are tormented by an unclean conscience, which is expressed in almost similar images – bloody ghosts or shadows of the victims who appear to Borislav and Boris and create a feeling of personal inner hell of the heroes. Other similarities include the fruitless attempts of the rulers to win the gratitude of their subjects, the guilt in the misfortune of their daughters (real and imaginary), the motives of the ingratitude of the people, treason and rebellion. These parallels allow us to talk about the close acquaintance of A.S. Pushkin with the tragedy of M.M. Kheraskov and of certain influence of “Borislav” on “Boris Godunov”.

Motives for corporate philanthropy and charitable causes supported

PurposeThis paper examines how the inferred motives for corporate philanthropy relate to the types of charitable causes supported.Design/methodology/approachPublished data were obtained for 256 publicly traded and private corporations from a variety of sources.FindingsThe results demonstrated that a number of motives were not significantly related to total charitable giving, but were related to how charitable funds were distributed to various charitable causes. Thus, the study provides insights on the strategic use of corporate charity as means of achieving various business objectives and advancing a theoretical understanding of corporate philanthropy strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only investigated some of the presumed motives for corporate philanthropy. Even for the motives investigated in this study, no attempt was made to examine all the motivational factors that determine the level of need for a specific motive. Thus, while the present study provides some of the first evidence of a relationship between motivational factors and data on the types of charitable causes supported, there are other motivational factors that could be investigated in future studies.Practical implicationsThe results have a number of implications for managers of nonprofit organizations such as marketing/targeting potential donors. Additionally, the results could be useful for managers of for profit firms in terms of comparing corporate strategies with competing firms.Originality/valueThe study provides a framework for investigating the relationship between motivational factors and types of charitable causes supported.

EXAMINING MEDIATING EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEES’ PRODUCTIVITY IN BANGLADESHI SATELLITE TELEVISION CHANNELS

Purpose: The motivation behind this investigation is to assess the effect of motivation on employee's productivity with regards to satellite TV station in Bangladesh. Two motivation factors were recognized based on exploratory factor analysis specifically economic factors and organizational factors also. Two dimensions in economic factors, such as, reward, remuneration and another three dimensions, such as, job stability, work condition and occupation training were found in organizational factors accordingly. Employees productivity is also analyzed here the outcome of employees. Design/methodology/approach: Factor investigation was utilized to sum up an enormous number of motivations attributes to recognize the vital elements that sway on employee productivity. Reliability tests based on Cronbach’s alpha and rectified thing complete relationship coefficients was utilized to test the internal consistency of survey responses. ANOVA tests were in this way used to test for differences in respondent's impression of this components as per chose demographics. Conclusively, a multiple regression model investigation was led to look at the connection’s motivation and employee productivity as well. Findings: Result directed that economic factors and organizational factors positively affected employee motivation and afterward it is moved to productivity in like manner. It is likewise discovered that motivation really function as a mediator. Originality/Value: This examination has caused to notice the significance of the connections between employee motivation and employee’s productivity with regards to satellite TV station in Bangladesh. The discoveries have noteworthy consequences for researcher specially satellite TV station setting. In spite of the presence of exploration on the between connections among motivation and employee productivity in different orders, there are not many talked about in satellite TV context research.
 
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Ciklus Svetog Dimitrija u Pećkoj patrijaršiji - I

Ciklus Svetog Dimitrija u Pećkoj patrijaršiji - I

Born again?: (non-) motivations to alter sex/gender identity markers on birth certificates

ABSTRACTThis research will examine one type of official identity – the birth certificate – and how the ability to alter such a document, after the enactment of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 in the United Kingdom, affected individual trans people’s motivations to alter, or not, the official sex/gender identity marker on their birth certificates. An examination will be made of a series of interviews conducted with trans identified persons in order to better understand the motivation, or not, to change one’s official sex/gender identity marker on a birth certificate from that which was medically assigned at birth. Respondents reported a number of motivations including access to various social and legal benefits, a greater sense of psychological well-being, and a desire for jurisdictional coherence. They also reported a number of non-motivations including the financial burden, ethical objections to having to be judged by a panel of presumed experts, and the desire for conflicting documents as a form of willful political protest. The goal of this research is to better understand the motivations, or lack thereof, of individuals to alter (or not) the official sex/gender marker on their birth certificate.

FENOMENA SELEBGRAM ANAK: MEMAHAMI MOTIF ORANG TUA

Nowadays more and more child phenomenon shows up and the phenomenon of children’s personal instagram accounts. This study aims to analyze the motives of parents to upload photos of children on Instagram. This research uses Alfred Schutz’s phenomenology theory with the constructivist paradigm and phenomenology method. To collect data is done by in-depth interviews with 10 informants, and observations of the informants’ instagram accounts. The results of the study and data analysis showed that there were a number of Motives because of uploading photos of children on Instagram that were driven by two things: the experience of photo albums in the past and the disruption and limitations of the technology possessed by parents. While the Motives for (in order to motives) found are related to 3 things. First, it relates to parents’ efforts to make their children known to many people. Second, it relates to a demand to share the moment of child development with others, especially to distant families or friends who have not been met for a long time. Third, as an effort to realize the pride and gratitude of the parents for what they currently have. Based on the motives above, this study categorizes 3 Typics of Parents in uploading photos of children on Instagram, namely Existing Parents, Sharing Parents, and Memories of Parents. This research provides substance in the form of a new model about the type and motivation of parents to upload photos of children on Instagram.

Methods of Testing a Large Number of Motives for Vocational Guidance

There are a huge number of motives and 60 theories explaining them. However, it is not possible to compare the significance of various motives for an individual — there may be too many motives. And accordingly, the issues related to their testing becomes a very large number. Therefore, conclusions have to be made on the example of a very small sample of the most sought-after motifs. A technique is proposed that allows one to obtain the results of comparing a large number of motives with a relatively small number of questions asked. The test consists of 47 questions with pairwise opposition of 11 different motives. The result is obtained by solving a system of linear equations. As a result of the work done, we can predict the behavior of anyone tested, say what he chooses in a given life situation, if it can be interpreted as a confrontation between two motives. To assess the significance of the motive, a rating system was used, in which the motive rating was the higher, the more there was a choice in its favor in pairwise comparison with all other motives. The difference in the ratings of the two motives is linearly related to the probability of choosing both motives. This allows you to create a rating hierarchy of the motives of the subject without direct testing based on his decisions in everyday situations. The indicated method overcomes the well-known problem of the avalanche-like growth of the number of test questions with a large number of motives and forms the probabilistic value of the evaluation of the choice of one of the alternatives. A small number of questions allows you to significantly increase the value of the retest reliability of the answers of the subjects.

Beyond Right or Wrong: Attitudes and Practices of Physicians, Nurses, Psychologists, and Social Workers Regarding Attendance at Patient Funerals.

Health professionals' bereavement practices, including funeral attendance, have attracted relatively little attention from researchers. There may be a number of motivations and perceived benefits for health professionals to attend patient funerals. There are no published data comparing different groups of health professionals' perceptions of and practices in attending the funerals of their patients. To understand the attitudes and practices of health professionals toward attendance at patient funerals. Cross-sectional nationwide online survey of attitudes and practices toward attendance at patient funerals based upon data from interviews with health professionals. Australian health practitioners from medicine, nursing, psychology, social work, and other allied health professions (n = 1098). Attendance at patient funerals was predicted by age, telling colleagues about own funeral attendance practices, having discussions with colleagues about funeral attendance, having long relationships with patients, and having a majority of patients at the end of life. Nonattendance was predicted by believing that if they cannot attend all funerals, they prefer not to attend any, feeling that colleagues disapprove of funeral attendance, believing that attending funerals is crossing the line between the personal and the professional, and being a psychologist. Our findings emphasize the need for more open discussions and reflection among individuals and groups of health practitioners regarding attendance at funerals. Understanding the motivations of physicians, nurses, social workers, and other allied health practitioners to attend or not attend patient funerals is an important first step in working toward policies, protocols, and guidelines to support best practice.

Qur’anic Studies between University Theology and the Humanities: A Field Worth Cultivating?

ABSTRACTThis essay considers some of the past, present and possible future contexts and prospects of qur'anic studies in a Western academic context, particularly within the contested confines of so-called university theology and its sister disciplines of religion and cultural studies. It argues that qur'anic studies can and should cross – but not leave – its traditional borders within the humanities and re-engage with theological studies, and vice versa. This also includes a plea for a new recognition of committed and experimental readings, since scholarship inevitably implies an element of intervention and engagement, even when pursued with the strictest ideals of objectivity or fairness in mind. Therefore, a number of motivations for a renewed relevance of qur'anic studies within the orbit of university theology are adduced.

The Avatar's new clothes: Understanding why players purchase non-functional items in free-to-play games

Free-to-play online games create significant revenues through sales of virtual items. The argument that the sale of items that provide a competitive advantage (functional items) fuels a pay-to-win culture has attracted developers to business models that are solely based on the sale of non-functional items (items that provide no objective competitive advantage). However, the motivations for purchasing non-functional items remain under-examined. The present study therefore provides an exploration of hedonic, social, and utilitarian motivations underpinning purchase of virtual items within the top-grossing free-to-play game League of Legends. From interviews with 32 players, a number of motivations are identified and presented. In addition, a novel finding is that motivation for purchase may not stem from the value in the item but lie in the act of purchasing itself as a means of transferring money to the developer.

Motivation of obtaining higher pharmaceutical education of students of the National Pharmaceutical University

Choice of profession is the main factor in the further life of man, his attitude to himself and the world.
 When choosing a profession, a person is guided by a number of motives. In modern society, the motives of high school students are influenced by many socio-psychological factors: material living conditions, new reforms in secondary and higher education, individual-psychological characteristics of a senior pupil, his abilities, communication skills, families and socialization. All this causes changes in the motivational system of the individual, which in turn influences the process of choosing the future profession.
 All of the above proves the importance and urgency of studying the motives for the choice of the specialty and university by applicants.
 The research topic is the motives for choosing a university and specialty and their role in the formation of future professionals.
 The purpose of the study is to determine the channels for obtaining information about the university and the specialty, identifying the motives for choosing a university and the first impressions of being at the university.
 The subject of the study is students of the National Pharmaceutical University 1 course of pharmaceutical faculties N 1, N 2, N 3.
 The subject of the research is the motives for choosing a university and specialty, awareness of the profession, the sustainability of professional choice, satisfaction with the chosen institution and specialty.
 Methods of research – on-line questioning, study and analysis of data received during the survey.
 The results of the survey showed that social and professional motives for obtaining education, along with an orientation toward self-development, became the most significant for future pharmacists. It is found out that freshmen have inherent characteristics of creative confidence both in relation to the future profession and in relation to studying at the university. It was revealed that the Internet site takes the first place among the main channels for obtaining information about the NUPh and a specialty, but a significant potential is determined in the provision of information by college teachers, although this channel was not actively used by first-year students. It can be argued that the scientific and pedagogical staff of the university are dealing with students who positively perceive modernity and innovation. On the basis of data analysis, a portrait of a freshman from the NUPh was compiled.

ОБРАЗ РОССИИ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ИОСИФА БРОДСКОГО

The article is devoted to analyzing the evolution of the image of Russia in Iosif Brodsky’s poetry and prose. The analysis of most typical (in the chosen aspect) texts is conducted from the viewpoint of their endowment with the unique “signs” of Russian culture. The author concludes that for Brodsky the only form of patriotism is the language, which fills the emptiness of space and imparts meaning to existence. The paper traces the implementation of the image of Russia through a number of motives, the basic of which are the motives of memory, exile, Empire. An “imperial” approach to interpreting the image of Russia continues the traditions of Russian classical literature, and in this aspect Empire is not only tyranny as an instrument of state suppression system, but also great power - cultural formation linked together not by military force but by a common language. In this aspect Brodsky’s image of Russia is inseparable from its culture, literature and fits the Russian inter-text.

Образ Берлина в путевых заметках М. Е. Салтыкова-Щедрина «За рубежом»

The article deals with the features of the image of the artistic space of Berlin in travel notes of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Abroad.” The relevance of the study is determined by the need for imagological analysis of topos texts, which reflect the images of “foreign,” in particular, the German element in the framework of Russian culture. The German-marked locus of Berlin in M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s work is realized through a number of motives related to the changed image of the united Germany as a new European empire in the perception of the Russians of the late 19 th century, which, in turn, gives the author an opportunity to express his social and critical views on the prospects and trends of Europe. The author considers the motives of the German hidden threat as an aggressive expansion into the outer space, the militarization of Germany with distinguishing the image of a Prussian officer-“a hero” as the central one, spiritual and political unfreedom, order, boredom and at the same time the theatrical appearance of the German existence as the main motives related to the locus of Berlin identified in travel notes by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. It is shown that the basis of the description of the city is the observation of the street life of the German capital. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that in the work by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin Berlin is portrayed as non-chronical locus with the characteristics of mortality, which functions similarly to the mechanism on the principle of continuous cyclical movement.

DOES MOTIVATION AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE IN CLINICAL TESTS OF ENDURANCE OF DEEP NECK FLEXORS?

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the performance in two clinical tests for the endurance of deep neck flexors [Craniocervical Flexion Test (CCFT) and Chin Tuck Neck Flexion Test (CTNFT)] and the motivation of participants to continue and complete physical activities. Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated (men/women 13/8, age 21.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.37 years). Participants were asked to complete the Assessment Scale for Completion of Usual Physical Activities (ASCUPA), the Short Scale of Physical Activity Motives (SSPAM), a visual analog scale for the recording of their motivation to complete a physical activity (VAS motivation) and then they performed the CCFT and CTNFT. The CCFT did not present any significant correlation with either VAS motivation or ASCUPA. The CTNFT was not significantly associated with VAS motivation, but it was significantly correlated with ASCUPA ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Furthermore, the CTNFT was significantly correlated with the total number of motives for physical activity ([Formula: see text]). The correlation between the performance of the two tests was not significant ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The findings suggest that only the CTNFT is dependent on participants’ motivation to complete an activity.

Stakeholders’ perceptions on earnings management motivations and techniques in Libyan commercial banks

The issue of earnings management has continued to be problematic in the financial reporting context. It has proved to be an important topic that concerns a wide range of stakeholders including regulators, investors and preparers. This paper examines the perceptions of Libyan Commercial Banks' (LCBs) stakeholders regarding earnings management (EM) motivations and techniques. The paper reports on a questionnaire survey of stakeholders which yielded 102 Responses (response rate 53%). It is found that LCBs’ managers are engaged in EM practices as a result of a number of motivations. In consistent with accounting literature on EM, LCBs’ managers tend to use Loan Loss Provision LLP as well as other techniques to manage their earnings. However, the research finding reveal some other “techniques” that are being used for EM. Some of them clearly lay out of GAAP and law framework which may be seen as an explicit breach to bank managers’ accountability. The importance of the banking sector for society has been amply demonstrated in recent years. The evidence provided by the questionnaire results refer to a serious problem to the accountability of LCBs’ managers. The existence of these motivations, which appear to be unavoidable, put pressure on the accountability process and expose it to a lack of trust and disrepute which therefore may have an adverse effect on the relationship between LCBs’ managers and their stakeholders. LCBs’ manager should be free from such motivations in order to produce unbiased and fair accounting information.

Does the Strategic Planning of Local Development Result from the Motives Indicated in Literature? Contemporary Motivation of Polish Small Towns’ Authorities for Strategic Planning of Local Development

The international literature offers a numberof motives which should incline local authoritiestoward strategic planning of local development;it also emphasizes that they should be stronglymotivated to do that. Meanwhile, their actualmotivation for such planning can remain low anddominated by motives so far unrecognized in theliterature. The article presents research confi rmingthis assumption, conducted in 2014 amongthe authorities of Polish small towns.The results reveal that the general motivationfor strategic planning of local developmentamong 37.7% of the authorities of Polish smalltowns is low. It also disclosed that the motivefor obtaining means from the EU funds (so farunrecognized in literature) was and is motivatingstrongly at least 68.6% of these authorities forthe discussed planning and, moreover, that it is ashort-lived motive. The article indicates that thissituation may also refer to other local authorities,not just the Polish ones. It also indicates that itis an unintended effect of the dependence ofmunicipal development projects’ support by themeans from the EU funds on including them inthe local development strategy. The fi nal part ofthe article presents recommendations of actionsto rectify such an unfavorable situation and forfurther studies of planning motives followed bylocal authorities.