Number Of Migrant Workers Research Articles

The COVID-19 experience among international migrant workers in the Republic of Korea: knowledge and awareness of treatment and immigration policies

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed various health risks and inequities experienced by international migrant workers. The number of migrant workers in the Republic of Korea (ROK) is rapidly growing and is expected to continue growing. Health related research on migrant workers in ROK is limited, especially among undocumented migrant workers who were more vulnerable to the pandemic. This study aims to examine the experiences of migrant workers and their knowledge and awareness of treatment and immigration policies during the pandemic.MethodsWe used data from the International Migrant Workers’ COVID-19 Health Literacy and Access to Medical Care project, a cross-sectional survey conducted with international migrant workers residing in ROK in 2021 (n = 537). Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression models were employed to understand different demographic, occupational, and immigration factors affecting migrant workers’ knowledge and awareness of treatment and immigration policies.ResultsUndocumented migrant workers had a longer length of residence in ROK and earned less compared to workers with work visa status. None of the undocumented migrant workers had access to health insurance since they were ineligible to enroll in the national health insurance scheme. In the early days of the pandemic, most undocumented migrant workers experienced a decrease in their average income. After adjusting for demographic differences and language proficiency, undocumented migrant workers (AOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.78) were less likely to be aware of the policy allowing foreigners, including undocumented individuals, to access COVID-19 testing and treatment without the risk of deportation. Workers with a longer length of residence (AOR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.53) were more likely to be aware of this policy.ConclusionUndocumented migrant workers were often less informed about COVID-19 policies. While most of the survey respondents were knowledgeable about governmental policies regarding COVID-19 treatment and immigration, our results reveal multiple occupational and health insurance vulnerabilities of undocumented migrant workers living in ROK. More attention is needed to understand healthcare service barriers and how to provide adequate resources for this vulnerable population.

Internal Communication Between TKI and PT Alfira Perdana Jaya Distributor

Indonesian workers or commonly known as TKI are Indonesian citizens who are working or looking for work abroad with the intention of finding economic opportunities, to realize these jobs there must be communication with the distributor, namely PT Alfira Perdana Jaya. The purpose of this study is to understand how internal communication between migrant workers and the distributor of PT Alfira Perdana Jaya and the internal communication obstacles between migrant workers and the distributor of PT Alfira Perdana Jaya. The approach method used is qualitative through documentation and in-depth interviews with a number of migrant workers and distributors, so that in conducting interviews they carry out the purpose sampling technique method, namely in collecting data first studying and exploring several journals, books, and related documents. The results and conclusions of this study are that internal communication between TKI and TKI can be done through various ways, such as social media, messaging applications, or face-to-face meetings if they are in the same place, then Internal Communication of TKI (Indonesia Manpower) to Distributors, the distributor provides comprehensive communication for all TKI, the last is Internal Communication of Distributors to TKI (Indonesia Manpower), PT Alfira Perdana Jaya gave directions to migrant workers regarding the tasks they will perform in their new workplace. However, there are significant challenges or obstacles in internal communication between migrant workers and distributors, such as differences in language, culture, and understanding.

The path from home to school: study on migrant workers' children in Haining, Zhejiang Province

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the number of migrant workers is increasing. As a result, the problem of whether children move with them has arisen, which has led to the emergence of a group of children who are in urgent need of child-friendly attention. At the institutional level, the most important measure of the Chinese government is to ensure the enrollment of migrant children, but now the institutional optimization is not enough. For example, the ' enrollment difficulty ' still exists, and many migrant children are forced to go to schools far away from home. This also leads to the lack of non-institutional level, such as the long distance to school so that these children cannot go to school independently. Through the data of parent interviews and behavior logs, this study verifies that the transfer of children significantly increases the cost of childcare for migrant workers, indirectly verifies the importance of school distance, and proposes that schools and matching public service facilities should be configured near industrial parks where migrant children are concentrated.

Subsidy-Dominated Non-Farm Income Improves Herder Household Livelihoods and Promotes Income Equality in North Tibet, China

The non-farm sector is critical in supporting sustainable economies, alleviating poverty, and improving human well-being. However, the drivers of non-farm income and how it impacts income inequality remain underexplored, especially in alpine regions worldwide. Herein, we conducted face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires with 665 herder households across 54 villages in North Tibet from 2018 to 2020. We assessed the role of non-farm income in household economies and explored the determinants of household income using basic statistical methods, Gini coefficient analysis, and mixed-effects modeling. Our results showed that non-farm income accounted for approximately 80% of the total household income. It contributed to lower income inequality in rural North Tibet, with government subsidies playing a more vital role than wages and business income in this reduction. Results indicated that the number of migrant workers was the most significant positive predictor of both non-farm income and total household income, whereas livestock units dominated farm income. Given the modest contributions of livestock-derived income (~5%) and wage and business revenues (~18%) to overall earnings, this study suggests that policies should primarily focus on strengthening rural livestock husbandry. Simultaneously, it is imperative to foster environments that encourage entrepreneurship and non-farm activities and to expand access to skill-based training. Such initiatives and measures are essential for diversifying livelihood strategies and improving resident welfare in North Tibet.

Health seeking behavior among Myanmar migrant workers in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

Background: Numbers of migrant workers have been increasing in Thailand, 69% of low skilled migrant workers are from Myanmar. Migrant workers are at highest risk of work-related injury and illness as compared to immigrants. There is limited study focusing on the magnitude of health seeking behavior and its associated factors among Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. Objectives: To determine the proportion of the health seeking behavior and its associated factors among Myanmar migrant workers. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study using quantitative data where 423 Myanmar migrant workers were included and the study was carried out in the Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Community people working in a fishing net factory and a construction site were selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection was done via face-to-face interviews. Multiple logistic regression was used for data analysis. The association was described with Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) at the statistically significant level of p value < 0.05. Results: A total of 423 participants aged between 18 and 56 years (mean: 30.89 ± 7.95 years) and 61.7% currently married were enrolled in this study. Three-fourths (76.36%) of participants had income of more than 10,000 baths per month. Around 87% respondents were healthy. Overall, 46.81% of participants had appropriate health seeking behavior. Factors significantly associated with appropriate health seeking behavior were fishing net factory workers (AOR:1.80, 95% CI: 1.03-3.13), ability to speak Thai (AOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.52-4.39), non-drinkers (AOR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.01-2.53), unhealthy workers (AOR:2.30, 95% CI: 1.21-4.39), injured (AOR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.67-6.61) and having chronic diseases (AOR: 2.92,95% CI: 1.55-5.52). Conclusion: The proportion of appropriate health seeking behavior of Myanmar migrant workers was unsatisfactory. Occupation, ability to speak Thai, nondrinker, unhealthy, injury and chronic diseases were statistically significantly associated with appropriate health seeking behavior. Language translators should be assigned in the health centres to solve the barrier of health seeking behaviour of Myanmar migrant workers.

Influence of Migration on the Situation with Syphilis in the Russian Federation

Syphilis is a socially significant disease, and the relevance of monitoring its incidence rates remains constant. The spread and level of syphilis morbidity in the Russian Federation is strongly influenced by migration processes. Over the last 7 years the migration flow in the country has increased by 17.5% and the number of migrant workers, them has increased 3 times. It is contingent of people, that being a “vulnerable group”, and most off all exposed to risky sexual behavior and STI infection. In 2021 and 2022 there was a significant increase in the incidence of syphilis in the Russian Federation, compared to 2020 — by 69.7%. The increase in the incidence of syphilis is largely due to the growth of this indicator among foreign citizens (from 2801 cases in 2020 to 12 748 cases in 2022). The proportion of registered cases of syphilis among foreign citizens in 2022 was 45.9% of all detected cases, while 80% of syphilis patients were citizens of one of 3 countries — Kyrgyz Republic (30%), Republic of Uzbekistan (27%), Republic of Tajikistan (23%). In the structure of clinical forms of syphilis detected in foreign citizens 98% are hidden and unspecified forms of the disease, only 13% of migrants with syphilis were treated and 87% have no information about the fact of treatment. Thus, latent forms of the disease and low percentage of treated foreign citizens with diagnosed syphilis have a negative impact on the epidemiological situation of syphilis incidence. These facts testify to the formation of risks of epidemiological danger of syphilis among foreigners entering the territory of the country, which poses a direct threat to biological security of the Russian Federation and requires the development of a set of measures to prevent the spread of the disease.

Do Store and Brand Attachments Influence Customer Loyalty? Evidence From Migrant Workers in Taiwan

The number of migrant workers in Taiwan has been increasing annually. Over the past decade, migrant workers have contributed to the nation’s economic growth, particularly in the construction, fishing, nursing, and public service sectors. Although many practitioners and scholars have articulated the significance of managing and understanding the migrant workers’ work and living conditions, research on the complex influences targeting their shopping behavior, attachment, and customer loyalty has not been steady. This study aimed to develop and empirically test a framework to examine the effects of store image, service quality, product attributes, and sales promotion on store and brand attachments, affecting customers’ loyalty to stores among migrant workers. The study employed the Mehrabian-Russell Model and attachment theory as theoretical bases. Empirical data was collected from 504 migrant workers in Taiwan through the purposive sampling technique using a questionnaire survey. Data analysis, hypotheses testing, and model validation were performed through SmartPLS 3.2.8 statistical software. The findings showed that store image and service quality were positively related to store attachment. Product attributes and sales promotion were positively related to brand attachment. Additionally, store and brand attachments are positively related to customer loyalty. Therefore, store and brand attachment were mediators linking store image, service quality, product attributes, and sales promotion to customer loyalty. According to the findings, the study offers implications and suggestions for researchers and practitioners in the retail sector, especially for retail stores related to migrant workers.

Indonesian Migrant Workers After Job Creation Law: A Challenging Problem for Protection Welfare

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="AbstractText">Job Creation Law has severely impacted the protection of foreign workers with changes to the Company Permit for Placement of Indonesian Migrant Workers (SIP3MI). This research aims to analyze changes to SIP3MI and its impact on the licensing mechanism for Indonesian migrant workers, which is related to the implementation of supervision of migrant workers as a juridical-administrative consequence of SIP3MI issuance. The research methodology used in this paper is a normative legal research method with a statue approach and conceptualization of legal protection, licensing, supervision, labour, and social justice to realize the protection of migrant workers when contracting and completing contracts. This research indicates an urgency for the government to protect migrant workers, seeing the increase in the number of migrant workers and complaints. The SIP3MI regulation, degrades the concept of protecting Indonesian migrant workers. The change in providing SIP3MI information from the relevant Ministry to the authority of the Central Government and being equated with Business Licensing thus changes the mechanism for issuing permits, which could severely impact the implementation of supervision and protection of Indonesian migrant workers. Therefore, the protection of migrant workers is no better than before the publication of the Omnibus Law. Legal certainty is needed to provide protection. Equating SIP3MI with business licensing is quite controversial and has the potential to create legal protection for migrant workers who are increasingly being pushed into a corner.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

The Influence of Parental Migration on Left-behind Children’s Development in China

Both the number of migrant workers and the number of kids being left behind have substantially increased since the programme was opened up. This study attempts to show how parental migration affects children who are left behind and explore the causes of such negative effects. It turns out that when parents move away, it has a variety of repercussions on the children who are left behind, including their emotional health, academic performance, level of cooperation, and cognitive development. Governments must play a crucial role towards enhancing the living conditions for children who have been left behind in rural areas. This includes providing more opportunities for migrant workers to reunite with their families, providing greater opportunities and time for parents to watch their children, and emphasising relative caring policies in teachers' daily lesson plans. Rural families also have to change their mindset for degrees, and giving more expectations of their children’s learning.

Statistical Analysis of Medicolegal Autopsy of Migrant Workers in Korea

The number of migrant workers is increasing worldwide every year, and their number and role in Korean society is also increasing. However, the poor conditions faced by migrant workers often become a social issue, and it is not uncommon for them to be the subject of forensic autopsies. This study aimed to investigate the current status of medicolegal autopsy on migrant workers in Korea. We collected data of medicolegal autopsies on migrant workers conducted in Korea from 2016 to 2020 by requesting data from the institutions performing medicolegal autopsy. We calculated the autopsy rate and analyzed manner of death and cause of death. The medicolegal autopsy rate for foreign deaths was 16.4%, which was more than five times higher than the autopsy rate for Korean deaths. By manner of death, 43.7% were natural death, 6.4% were homicides, 8.5% were suicides, 23.6% were accidental deaths, 2.7% were undetermined unnatural deaths and 15.0% were unknown. These results showed a high rate of homicide, accidental death, and unknown death compared to Korean. And the proportion of industrial accident deaths and sudden manhood death syndrome were high. Through this study, it was confirmed that medicolegal autopsies are performed at a relatively high frequency when migrant workers die, and the characteristics related to the deaths of migrant workers were identified.

Towards Solving School Enrollment of Migrant Workers' Children: Inspiration and promotion on the education model of World Association of United World Colleges

With the development of China's economy, the number of migrant workers is increasing. Due to the urban-rural dual economic structure and the differences in education level between urban and rural areas, the problem of compulsory education in the accompanying children of a new generation of migrant workers has come to the forefront. It is especially manifested in the difficulties for children of migrant workers integrating into urban schools, such as failure in language communication, lack of adaptability to the school atmosphere, lagging behind in school performance, and even falling into psychological problems. Therefore, it is urgent to help children of migrant workers to integrate into their schools. In fact, the education model of World Association of United World Colleges (UWC) is considered as a potentially promising solution with focusing on cultivating global citizenship and social responsibility. It improves students' comprehensive quality and ability through cross-cultural exchanges and practical activities, which helps migrant workers' children to better adapt to the social environment, and enhances their competitiveness and development prospects. Hence, such an education model could also provide us with a new idea and methodology. We could draw lessons from the model and promote its excellent philosophy to help children of migrant workers to integrate into their schools.

What Determines the Health-related Quality of Life of Vietnamese Migrant Workers in Korea?

Purpose: Over time, the number of migrant workers in Korea has shown a steady increase. Notably, among all migrant workers, those from Vietnam constitute the third largest group in Korea. The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the health-related quality of life of Vietnamese migrant workers. The study aimed to provide essential data for the development of customized nursing intervention programs and policy preparation in the future. Methods: A total of 220 Vietnamese migrant workers aged between 18 and 64, who were employed in Korea through the Employment Permit System and had been residing in the country for more than 91 days, participated in this study. Results: The study results revealed that physical activity (β=.19, <i>p</i>=.002), hope (β=.50, <i>p</i> <. 001), cohabitation with colleagues (β=.16, <i>p</i> =.003), and sleep hour (β=.11, <i>p</i> =. 031) had a statistically significant impact on health-related quality of life. The findings showed that higher levels of physical activity and hope were positively associated with higher health-related quality of life. Moreover, cohabiting with colleagues and sleeping for more than six hours were also significantly related to higher health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Given these findings, it is imperative to develop programs that encourage physical activity and enhance the health-related quality of life of migrant workers from Vietnam. Policymakers and employers should also consider providing adequate living conditions that facilitate cohabitation with colleagues and sufficient time for sleep to improve the health and well-being of migrant workers.

Effects of land recuperation on farmers’ social capital: a Chinese field analysis

ABSTRACTSocial capital is an integral part of farmers’ life, which can be exogenously affected by land recuperation. Based on 1240 farmer field survey data in Gansu Province, this paper used the Logit model to analyse the influencing factors of farmers’ participation in land recuperation, and used the entropy method to measure social capital from the three dimensions of social network, social trust and social norms, and further used the propensity matching score method to measure the effect of land recuperation on farmers, and then compared the effects under different fixed ages and education groups. The following factors significantly affected farmers’ participation in land recuperation: age, years of education, migrant workers’ relationships with family and friends, relationship between migrant workers and friends and colleagues in the workplace, number of migrant workers away from home, cultivated land area, and family living standards. Land recuperation had the greatest promotion effect on farmer’ social network (163.9%), followed by social trust (28.0%) and social norm (11.3%). According to the results of group differences, land recuperation most significantly affected the social capital of farmers aged 45–55 years and household heads educated for 9–12 years compared to other age and education groups.

Antenatal Care Services for Migrant Workers in Northern Thailand: Challenges, Initiatives, and Recommendations for Improvement

AbstractThis review article emphasizes the importance of addressing the unique health care needs of migrant workers in northern Thailand, with a focus on antenatal care services. There has been an increase in the number of migrant workers in the region. The challenges include language and cultural barriers, legal and administrative issues, inadequate health facilities and staff, and stigma and discrimination. However, by implementing a comprehensive set of recommendations, including strengthening collaboration, developing culturally sensitive programs, and increasing health care facility accessibility, stakeholders can create a more inclusive and supportive health care environment for migrant workers. This will ultimately contribute to healthier pregnancies and better outcomes for both mothers and their newborns. Prioritizing the needs of migrant workers is crucial for the successful integration of this population into the local health care workforce, thereby improving the health care system in northern Thailand.

Impact of labor migration on human capital and GRP of Russian regions

The article presents an analysis of the impact of external labor migration on human capital and GRP that indirectly reflects the labor demand in Russian regions. The results of the study showed the contradictions that have developed in the Russian regions: demand for skilled labor and shortage of labor resources, which is covered by low-skilled labor migration. As a result, a negative trend is developing — segmentation of labor markets in regions where two parallel demands for skilled and low-skilled labor are formed. The study recorded a positive relationship between the number of migrant workers and GRP, which indicates a steady demand for foreign labor force (FLF). Along with this, the impact of migrant workers on human capital in the Russian regions has undergone significant changes, and not all regions have received and receive a positive contribution from foreign labor force. Also, the results of the study confirmed not only the important role of labor migration for human capital, but also confirmed the hypothesis that labor migration has a positive impact on human capital by enhancing its qualitative characteristics in difficult or critical moments of the development of Russian regions, and therefore the demand for labor migration will continue in the medium term. In essence, labor migration, human capital and GRP are communicating vessels. The conclusion is made about underestimation of the program of voluntary compatriots' resettlement, which had a positive effect on the development of regional economies in 2014. In view of this, the author believes that the program needs a serious revision in order to attract skilled labor migration and increase the human potential of the country.

Unsustainable Urban Development Based on Temporary Workers: A Study on the Changes of Immigration in Macau between 1992 and 2019

Macau’s urban development model has many unique characteristics, including expansion of the city through sea reclamation, increasing population mainly through immigration, and economic development driven by the gaming industry. Based on data from the Macau Statistics and Census Service, this study uses the Error Correction representation of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL-ECM) to analyze the impact of urban development on the trends of immigration and labor migration in Macau between 1992 and 2019. Results show that both land area and wage level have positive effects on the number of migrant workers and negative effects on the number of immigrants, indicating that Macau is over-dependent on short-term migrant workers. Macau’s land and human resources are tilted towards the gaming industry, resulting in a decreasing living environment and resident carrying capacity as the city develops. Therefore, this paper suggests that Macau should reduce the cost of city expansion and improve economic diversity through strengthening cooperation with neighboring mainland cities, hence sparing resources to absorb non-local talent and ensuring sustainable urban development.

Characteristics and factors associated with morbidity of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo better understand the characteristics of migrant workers with pneumoconiosis in China, and the factors that contribute to their morbidity.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted in Shanghai, Nanning and Shenzhen,...

Rationalization of the Economy through Migrant Workers in the Unorganized Sector of Kerala

Purpose: Kerala has seen a considerable influx of migrant workers from various parts of India in recent years. Kerala is an attractive job market for workers from outside the state because of higher earnings, plentiful employment options, and a scarcity of local labourers. The goal of this article is to look at the availability of casual migrant workers in Kerala's labour market as well as their impact on the state's economy. Also looked at how migrants' financial and social status improves as a result of migration. Design/Methodology/Approach: Descriptive Research was used in this study, which is focused on secondary data sources. Secondary data is gathered through books, newspapers, journals, articles, and government websites. Originality: The influences of migrant workers in the rationalization of the economy are discussed. Value: The study will aid in assessing the financial and social upliftment of migrant workers owing to migration by looking at the availability of migrant workers, labour force participation rate, worker population ratio, and wage rate. Findings: There has been a whopping increase in the number of migrant workers in the labour market of Kerala, it figured out that there were 4,12,849 migrants in 2001 and it soared to 31,50,000 migrants in 2020. It is mostly owing to increased job availability and high remuneration rates, which can be seen even in Kerala's unorganised industry. 60% of migrant workers are employed in construction, 8% in manufacturing, 7% in hotels and restaurants, 2% in trade and 2% in agriculture, with the remaining 23% engaged in other occupations. As a result of migration, people's quality of life increases. By educating people about different cultures, traditions, and languages, it enhances their social lives and encourages intergroup harmony, which in turn helps society as a whole. Paper Type: Descriptive study

Mediation: from theoretical aspects to the practical implementation of migrants labor rights

In the article, the authors explores the concept of mediation as a way to resolve labor disputes during the practical implementation of labor rights of migrants. The urgency of the research topic is due to the increase in the number of labor migrants from Ukrainian citizens abroad, as well as the gradual increase in the quality of labor in Ukraine from abroad. Migration processes are related to the realization by citizens not only of the right to work, but also of the right to social protection, living standards, and other inalienable rights. The authors emphasize that the problems of migrant workers are studied only in quantitative terms, and their practical solution through the improvement of the mechanism of mediation support in resolving labor disputes remains unnoticed by scholars and requires special attention. Under the concept of mediation, the authors understand the pre-trial method of resolving disputes, but focuses on the fact that the Law of Ukraine "On Mediation" does not contain a mechanism for protecting migrant workers and needs to be finalized in this area. The migration process involves the transfer of human labor not only from Ukraine but also in Ukraine (from among foreign nationals). The number of migrant workers is growing every year, and the number of cases of violation of migrants' labor rights, which require a mediator and mediation procedures involvement, is automatically increasing. There are two parties to individual labor disputes: the worker and the employer. Disputes in court can be resolved through administrative or civil proceedings. According to the authors, the essence of the dispute may be resumption of work, registration of employment, compensation for material damage, dismissal, formulation of reasons for dismissal, disciplinary action, payment for downtime, forced absences, and more. The appeal to the court to resolve the dispute on the part of the employee is associated either with awareness of legal norms that directly indicate a violation of labor rights, or with the acquisition of legal assistance (information from counsel, lawyer), or illustrative examples of such disputes. The employer's appeal to the court is motivated by awareness of the law, which he is directly guided by in its activities, as well as the presence of the legal service. The authors also give examples of the impossibility of resolving a labor dispute through the mediation procedure, to the special nature of the labor dispute. Signs of unmediability are the lack of a direct ban on mediation; the nature of the dispute or a direct indication of its resolution through mediation; the possibility of procedural registration of the mediation procedure; the subject and content of the dispute do not contradict morality and public order. The authors cite an accident at work and negligent attitude to work as an example of such a sign. In other cases, mediation is permissible. Specific issues of prohibition of mediation in labor law should be reflected in current legislation.

Measuring Social Acceptance of Resettlement Colonies for the Post COVID-affected Migrants in India

COVID across the world has created pandemic and a significant effect of these experiences is in the Global South. Within the Global South, the most affected are the most impoverished places in third-world countries. An unprecedented increase in the number of migrant workers has taken shelter in urban resettlement colonies in search of shelter and basic livelihood. In this scenario, India is no exception. The resettlement colonies among urban fringes have turned into large-scale urban settlements in the post COVID times. These resettlement colonies in India in post COVID times mostly display a sordid state of affairs where residents live in a state of great compromise. This article analyses the level of social acceptance in few of the resettled colonies that has been affected by addition of migrant workers during COVID. It tries to identify a methodology for measuring social acceptance in resettlement colonies and establish them through numerical analysis.