Number Of Mental Foramen Research Articles

Cross sectional analysis of positional and numerical variations of mental foramina in dry human mandibles

Introduction: During lower jaw surgeries, mental nerve block is given at mental foramen level. However, mental foramen is prone for variations in its location and number, which could lead to iatrogenic injuries to neurovascular structures in this region. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to provide precise information of variations of site and number of mental foramen for helping dental surgeons to avoid injuries to mental nerve and vessels. Hence, the objective of the study is to analyze changes in site and number of mental foramen in the form of accessory foramina osteologically in Gujarat’s population. Materials and Methods: Three hundred dry mandibles of unknown sexes, and bearing all teeth or intact alveolar margin were included in the study. In 37.33% of mandibular sides, mental foramens were found between 2nd premolar and the 1st molar teeth. Numerical variations in the form of accessory foramina were found in 16.66% mandibles, more on the left side, showing statistically significant difference in laterality distribution. Conclusion: Iatrogenic injuries of mental neurovascular structures could better be avoided with precise idea of variations in site and numbers of mental foramen, which may ease the work of dental surgeon. Keywords: Dry mandibles, Mental foramen, Anaesthesia, Anatomical variation.

The Symmetry and Position of Mental Foramen in Population of Jaipur City Using Digital Panoramic Radiograph

Background: The mental foramen may be round or oval in shape, it may be absent, unilateral, bilateral and in some cases may be multiple on one or both sides of the mandible. It is also often reported to open with a posterosuperior orientation. Thus it is important to have knowledge of the probable location the mental foramen on the basis of age gender and symmetry of the mental triangle. Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of oral & maxillofacial surgery in Mahatma Gandhi Dental College And Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The study comprised of 400 digital panoramic radiographs of age group ranging from 18-60 years of both sex (200 male and 200 female), from the database of oral medicine and radiology department, which satisfied inclusion criteria. Results: The present study showed that the maximal percentage of mental foramen as oval shaped seen in right side (87.5% & 98.0% in male and female respectively) and in left side (75.0% & 96.0% in male and female respectively). The maximum number of mental foramen was seen between first and second premolar (109 in right side & 110 in left side), followed by 79 in right side & 72 in left side mental foramen situated in line with second premolar in male and in female, the maximum number of mental foramen was seen between first and second premolar 96 in right side & 108 in left side, followed by 92 in right side & 79 in left side mental foramen situated in line with second premolar in panoramic view in radiograph. Conclusions: An accurate assessment of position of mental foramen is very useful for the prevention of postsurgical neurovascular complications and also holds the potential of contributing as an aid for forensic identification. Multicenter studies within different populations would help in establishing its role in forensic odontology.

Morphometric analysis of mental foramen in human dry mandibles of nepalese population

Background: Mental foramina are located bilaterally in the antero-lateral aspect of the body of mandible. It transmits mental nerve, and vessels. The location, shape, size, direction and number of mental foramen in human mandibles are subject of variation. Aims and Objective: To establish the location, shape, size, direction and incidence of mental foramen (MF) in dry human mandibles of Nepalese population.Materials and Methods: One hundred dry human mandibles of unknown age and sex were selected randomly. Shape, size, position of MF with respect to tooth and other anatomical landmark were determined. Student paired t-test was used for specific statistical analysis.Results: In most cases (61%), the MF was oval in shape & situated below the apex of second premolar (58% on right side and 69% on left side). Various parameters investigated were, the horizontal distance between (1) base of mandible and MF was 12.24 mm on right and 12.26mm on the left, (2) alveolar margin and MF was 13.95 mm on right &13.75 mm on left (3) symphysis menti of mandible and MF was 26.71 mm on right and 26.49 mm on left, (4) posterior border of mandible and MF was 65.34 mm on right and 65.68mm on left.Conclusion: By the knowledge of position, shape, size, direction and distance of the mental foramen from various landmarks and the presence of the accessory foramen may be of much use to dental surgeons.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 82-86

Unilateral variation of the mental foramen

Introduction Mental foramen is present on the anterolateral aspect of the body of the mandible. Mental nerve and ves­ sels pass through it and supply the area from canine to first molar. The mental nerve is the neurosensory nerve. Foramen present on the body of the mandible other than the men­ tal foramen is considered as acces­ sory foramen. This study reports a case of unilateral variation of the mental foramen. Case report During the anatomical teaching cur­ riculum, we observed an accessory mental foramen on the right side of dried mandible. Morphometric ana­ lysis of mental foramen and acces­ sory mental foramen from various anatomical landmarks was done and results were tabulated. Discussion Variations in the number of mental foramen are important when the premolar region is targeted for sur­ gical intervention like osteotomy, root canal treatment and maxillo facial surgeries. Determination of implantation site and achievement of complete nerve block in that region depends upon the anatomical posi­ tion and possible variation of mental foramen. Conclusion Variations in number of mental foramen is not uncommon. The knowledge of accurate position of MF is important to avoid damage to neurovascular bundles passing through it and also to achieve abso­ lute anaesthetic effect at the antero­ lateral mandibular region.

English

Abstract Introduction Mental foramen of mandible has been found to vary in its position, number and distance from the surrounding bony landmarks. This variation occurs with populations as well as with factors like ethnicity, age, sex and sides. Knowledge of this variation is important for localisation of the mental nerve during surgeries in this region. This study was undertaken to document the variations in number and location of mental foramen with sexes and sides in dry mandibles of Indian origin. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 83 dried mandibles of known sex, 53 males and 30 females. The position of mental foramens was measured in relation to mandibular teeth and its distance from three bony landmarks—mental symphysis, alveolar border and lower border of mandible. Incidence of accessory mental foramen was noted. Results The most common position of mental foramen was at the apex of the second premolar (48.8%) and the next was between the apices of the first and second premolars (30.1%), this pattern being the same for both sides of both sexes with no statistical significance. Accessory mental foramen was found in 7.22% sides, bilaterally in 4.81% and was more common in males and in the right side. Mean lower border, alveolar border and mental symphysis were 12.60 ± 1.63, 12.39 ± 2.32 and 26.47 ± 2.54 mm respectively, with all values being significantly higher for males; differences between the sides were statistically insignificant. Conclusion The current study provides insight into the location and number of mental foramen in Indians and explains the discrepancy seen among findings of earlier studies.