Number Of Medical Students Research Articles

Where Are They Now? Alumni Outcomes From a Medical School Primary Care Pathway Program.

Many medical schools have implemented primary care tracks to increase the number of medical students pursuing primary care. The Primary Care Program (PCP) at the Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California is a 4-year primary care pathway that trains medical students to work in urban, underserved communities and has shown high student match rates into primary care residencies. This study evaluates the PCP graduates in residency and after residency, and assesses their career outcomes, their career characteristics, and the impact their PCP experience had on their careers. All PCP alumni who graduated between 2015 and 2022 were invited to complete a 21-item Qualtrics (Qualtrics, LLC) survey. Descriptive data analysis was conducted through Qualtrics, and open-ended data were coded for themes. Seventy percent of PCP alumni (86/122) responded to the survey, with 65% (56/86) in residency/fellowship and 35% (30/86) in practice. Among those who matched into primary care residencies (61/86, 71%), the percentage that practiced or intended to practice general primary care was 70% (43/61). Respondents in practice (30) described their practice characteristics, including locations and payor mix consistent with majority underserved communities. Open-ended responses captured the impact that the PCP had on alumni's careers, with themes including mentorship, friendship/community, educational/service experiences, future career, exposure to types/kinds of practice, and social determinants of health exposure. PCP alumni credit this program with impacting their retention in primary care and their career trajectories. This program can serve as a model for other institutions to help increase the number of medical students who pursue primary care careers.

Expansion of UK medical student numbers: what are the challenges and opportunities for undergraduate dermatology education?

This correspondence piece addresses the topical issue of the UK government's plan to expand medical school numbers and its implications for undergraduate medical education, affecting both learners and educators. The article summarises the results of a survey of undergraduate dermatology educators, highlighting their concerns about the challenges and impact of increasing student numbers. The article highlights the risk of a reduction in the volume and quality of clinical learning opportunities in undergraduate dermatology as a consequence of student numbers exceeding clinical departmental capacity and resources.

Proposed Solutions and Associated Problems Regarding the Shortage of Doctors in Essential Medical Fields

Recently, a sudden increase of 2,000 in the number of medical students has led to massive and prolonged strikes in medical fields. Although it remains controversial whether there is actually a shortage of doctors, many people, including physicians, agree that there is a shortage in essential medical fields. Recently, both the government and the Supreme Court have proposed several solutions in response to the problem. In this article, I would like to discuss the suggested solutions and their problems regarding the issue.

WP6.3 - Neurodivergence Toolkit for Trainers, Supervisors and Educators

Abstract Aim To create a simple and easy to use reference toolkit for trainers, supervisors and educators to support neurodivergent trainees. Methods Around 15% of the UK population is neurodivergent, increasing annually. Between 2014-2020 the number of autistic medical students doubled. Neurodivergent doctors have little support, as few as 32% of neurodivergent doctors disclose to a supervisor and only 15% to Occupational Health. Only half of those who had asked for reasonable adjustments had them implemented. Neurodivergence impacts training, delaying graduation for up to 25% of individuals, increasing acts of self-harm by 50% and 24% increase of attempted suicide. We set out to create a simple reference toolkit of adjustments beneficial to neurodivergent doctors without negatively impacting neurotypical doctors, so it can be implemented without need for disclosure of neurodivergence. A literature review was completed using the terms “neurodivergent”, “neurodiversity”, “autism” and “education”, “training”. Adjustments in different clinical settings were developed with experts in higher education, neurodivergence and supervising trainers. Results A reference toolkit divided by training setting and by level of adjustments has been completed and will be published by in full for use by trainers and trainees in early 2024. Conclusions Effective adjustments can be made in a number of domains with varying levels of required trainer effort: Planning: Educational brief, Checklisting, Flexibility Environment Modification: Ambient noise reduction, Task completion, Reduced distractions Metacognition: Refocus on aims, Breaks from engagement, Two way communication Feedback: Specific behavioural feedback, achieved competency frameworks, reframing of difficulties, written descriptive feedback

The role of emotions in academic performance of undergraduate medical students: a narrative review

BackgroundThis paper is devoted to a narrative review of the literature on emotions and academic performance in medicine. The review aims to examine the role emotions play in the academic performance of undergraduate medical students.MethodsEight electronic databases were used to search the literature from 2013 to 2023, including Academic Search Ultimate, British Education Index, CINAHL, Education , ERIC, Medline, APA Psych Articles and APA Psych Info. Using specific keywords and terms in the databases, 3,285,208 articles were found. After applying the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria to include only medical students and academic performance as an outcome, 45 articles remained, and two reviewers assessed the quality of the retrieved literature; 17 articles were selected for the narrative synthesis.ResultThe findings indicate that depression and anxiety are the most frequently reported variables in the reviewed literature, and they have negative and positive impacts on the academic performance of medical students. The included literature also reported that a high number of medical students experienced test anxiety during their study, which affected their academic performance. Positive emotions lead to positive academic outcomes and vice versa. However, Feelings of shame did not have any effect on the academic performance of medical students.DiscussionThe review suggests a significant relationship between emotions and academic performance among undergraduate medical students. While the evidence may not establish causation, it underscores the importance of considering emotional factors in understanding student performance. However, reliance on cross-sectional studies and self-reported data may introduce recall bias. Future research should concentrate on developing anxiety reduction strategies and enhancing mental well-being to improve academic performance.

Medical Students' Confidence After "CardioSim": A Low-Fidelity, Peer Role-Play Simulation.

Plans to increase medical student numbers will increase costs and potentially reduce clinical exposure. Simulation can be utilised to fill that gap. Low-fidelity simulation with peer role-play (PRP) provides reduced costs and standardisation of experience compared to high-fidelity or simulated patient RP simulation. This study aimed to assess changes in confidence in common graduate-level skills following a low-fidelity PRP scenario. Forty-three fourth-year medical students were divided into groups of three and five students. A Likert-scale questionnaire was completed at the start of the session. During the simulation, they had the opportunity to be the doctor and the patient and observe the remaining scenarios. Finally, the same questionnaire was answered. All students gained confidence in at least two aspects. All students were confident in history taking and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) management at the end of the session. The biggest improvement in overall confidence was in the management of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (62.8%) and Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) handover (60.5%). Six students improved their confidence by at least one ranking in every question, and one student improved their confidence by three rankings in four questions. SBAR handover and management of pneumothorax had the biggest improvements. Low-fidelity RP simulation allows the development of confidence in technical and non-technical skills. Given increasing student numbers and increasing medical education costs, it can be utilised effectively as part of a simulation syllabus that helps prepare students for clinical practice. Areas of further research include focus groups, knowledge tests and comparisons to other forms of simulation.

Efforts to Reduce Bias in Clerkship Evaluations: A CERA Study.

As the number of medical students who identify as underrepresented in medicine (URiM) increases, the disparities related to gender and URiM status persist. This study examines the current initiatives within family medicine clerkships to reduce bias in evaluations. Our 10-item survey was included as a module in the 2022 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance national survey of family medicine clerkship directors. Our survey questions asked about whether programs had strategies to reduce bias in student evaluations, antiracism initiatives, perceptions on effectiveness of the initiatives, and type and cadence of faculty development on evaluations for preceptors. The overall response rate for the survey was 59.12% (94/159); all respondents completed our module. Seventy percent said they had implemented strategies to reduce bias in evaluations, 60% felt these were effective, and 80% felt that reducing bias in evaluations was a priority. The majority, 89/91(95%), indicated that their medical schools had a current social justice, diversity, or antiracism initiative. We identified a positive association between specific antibias medical school initiatives and clerkship directors undertaking practices to reduce bias in evaluations (P=.005). Most programs had implemented strategies to reduce bias and felt that doing so was a priority. Community-based preceptors were less likely to have faculty development around reducing bias compared to those in academics. Further improvements may need to prioritize including community preceptors in educational efforts to reduce bias.

Gambaran Kompetensi Mahasiswa Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan Universitas Esa Unggul

Knowledge is the result of curiosity through the process of perception, especially the sense of sight and hearing of certain objects. The D-III Medical Records and Health Information Study Program is a program that prepares students skilled in managing health information management. The aim of the research is to determine the competency description of Esa Unggul University Medical Records and Health Information students. Descriptive research method with a quantitative analysis approach. The population in this study were Esa Unggul University Medical Records and Health Information students from the 2020 and 2019 regular and parallel classes with a total of 94 students. Research results: the characteristics of the majority of students were female (73.6%), student age ≤ 22 years (63.7%), the largest campus base was regular Kebon Jeruk (51.6%), the largest class of 2020 (73.6%). The results for competency in Clinical Classification Skills, Codification of Diseases and other Health Problems, and Clinical Procedures showed that the percentage of competent was 51.3%, while the percentage of incompetent was 48.7%. Competency in the Application of Health Statistics, Basic Epidemiology and Biomedicine obtained a competent percentage of 49.9% while the percentage of incompetent was 50.1%. RMIK Service Management Competency obtained a competent percentage of 50.3% while the percentage of incompetent was 49.7%. Conclusion: The number of competent Medical Records and Health Information students was 55 students and 36 students who were not competent. Suggestion: Registration officers improve and understand more in serving and conveying more precise and clear information. It is recommended to maintain and improve the quality of learning and increase student learning motivation in order to increase the percentage of competency.

The impact of a curriculum-based research training program on medical students’ research productivity and future research interests: a longitudinal study

BackgroundIncorporating scientific research into undergraduate medical education is necessary for the quality of future health care. However, providing rigorous research training to a large number of medical students at one institution remains one of the major challenges. The authors studied the impact of a curriculum-based Research Training Program (RTP) for all undergraduate students at Zhejiang University School of Medicine (ZUSM) on research productivity and future research interests.MethodsMedical students (n = 2,213) from ZUSM who completed the course of RTP between 2013 and 2020 were studied. The authors measured the academic performance, research publications, and research projects of students across years, and evaluated potential factors that contribute to student research productivity and increased interest in future research.ResultsAcross the years, there was an increase in the number of student publications, a greater proportion of students with publications, and a greater proportion of projects involving three or more students (P < .01 for all). The academic performance of the course was associated with increased publications (P = .014), whereas overall satisfaction of the course (OR 2.07, 95% CI [1.39, 3.10], P < .001), Skill Composite Score (SCS) (OR 1.70, 95% CI [1.16, 2.50], P = .007), and male gender (OR 1.50, 95% CI [1.06, 2.12], P = .022) were associated with increased future research interests.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the curriculum-based RTP improved students’ research productivity, and that overall program satisfaction and self-assessed performance were associated with increased students’ intent to participate in future research.

Could the Obstetrically Underserved Areas Disappear After the Increase in the Admission Number of Medical Students?

Could the Obstetrically Underserved Areas Disappear After the Increase in the Admission Number of Medical Students?

Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Symptoms Among Medical Students in Punjab: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Pain is evident, pressure, hopelessness and anxiety-is equally well-known to students with each passing academic semester in medical school. To understand the frequency and reasons of mental symptoms in MBBS students, the current study aims at investigating the level of MBBS students at several medical colleges in Punjab, Pakistan. Objective: To compare the results of stress, depressive, and anxious symptoms of several numbers of medical students studying in different medical colleges in Punjab and secondly, to evaluate the role of several demographics on these mental health indicators. Methods: The cross-sectional survey was completed between September 2023 to May 2024 with 350 medical students from multiple private and government medical colleges in Punjab. A cross-sectional survey was carried out including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) as the research tool and the data aspires to be statistically analyzed. Results: the results indicated that the percentage of the medical students who reported to be stressed, sad, or anxious was 47.3%, 55.7%, and 61.4%, respectively. Female students also claimed higher levels of depression compared to male students 58.3% vs. 50. 1%, (p ≤0.01) and higher levels of anxiety 65.2% vs. 55.1%, (p ≤0.03). Students in rural locations reported greater levels of stress (52.6% vs. 43.2%, p ≤0.04) than urban ones. Conclusion: The study linked high levels of mental symptoms among medical students in Punjab to characteristics such as being a female student or originating from a rural area. The current study emphasizes the necessity of targeted programs and activities in the areas of mental health promotion and preventive measures among medical college students.

Identification and Accommodation of ADHD in Family Medicine Residencies: A CERA Study.

An increasing number of medical students applying to residency programs request accommodations for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early implementation of accommodations for individuals with ADHD during family medicine (FM) residency could help learners and programs, but the number of programs prepared to invite learners to disclose ADHD and to implement accommodations is unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe practices employed by FM residency programs to identify residents who need accommodations for ADHD. We also chose to examine the frequency with which basic categories of ADHD accommodations are used and whether review of technical standards (ie, resident job description) is associated with timing of accommodations. We analyzed responses from the 2022 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) national survey of FM residency program directors, which was distributed via email invitation to all US programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. A total of 298 program directors (44.3%) responded. Approximately one in six FM residency programs are proactive in their identification of learners with ADHD, typically recognizing the need for accommodations during the interview process or orientation. Once the need is identified, most programs implement accommodations within 1 month, and many employ multiple types of accommodations. While a small subset of programs has developed processes to identify and accommodate ADHD proactively, results suggested that the majority of programs approach accommodation processes on an ad hoc basis. In turn, ad hoc identification precludes a proactive approach, given use of poor performance to identify the need for supports.

MANGOU (Miyazaki Advanced New General Surgery of University) Wet Lab Training Relieves Anxiety About Surgical Skills in Surgical Education: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To increase the number of medical students or residents who want to become surgeons, we must evaluate our program that recruits new young surgeons. We planned surgical training programs for medical students and residents that we named the MANGOU (Miyazaki Advanced New General surgery Of University) training project in the Department of Surgery, Miyazaki University, Japan. From January 2016 through December 2022, we asked trainees who attended this training to complete questionnaires to evaluate their interest in surgery, confidence in surgical skills, and training. Scoring of the questionnaire responses was based on a 5-point Likert scale, and we evaluated this training prospectively. Among the 109 trainees participating in this training, 61 answered the questionnaires. Two participants found the training boring, but 59 (96.7%) enjoyed it. All of them answered "Yes" to wanting to participate in the next training. Respective pre- and post-training scores were as follows: confidence in surgical skills, 2.2 ± 1.0 and 3.0 ± 1.0 (p < 0.0001); interest in surgery, 4.2 ± 0.8 and 4.4 ± 0.5 (p = 0.0011); and willingness to become surgeons, 3.9 ± 0.7 and 4.1 ± 0.6 (p = 0.0011). All scores rose after MANGOU training. We planned MANGOU surgical wet lab training for medical students and residents that aimed to educate and recruit new surgeons. After joining the MANGOU training, the trainees' anxiety about surgery was reduced, their confidence in performing surgical procedures improved, they showed more interest in surgery, and they increased their motivation to become surgeons.

Physician Workforce in Lithuania: Changes during Thirty Years of Independence.

Healthcare human resource planning is one of the biggest challenges facing the healthcare systems in many countries. Inadequate decisions in human resource planning can lead to an insufficient number of healthcare professionals then healthcare inequalities. One of the components of resource planning in the healthcare system is long-term data monitoring and the identification of potential trends. Since 1990, the number of physicians in Lithuania has decreased by 15.3% (-2266), but the decrease in the population has led to a 13.61% increase in the number of physicians per 10,000 inhabitants (5.32). During the analyzed period, the largest decrease in the number of physicians workforce by specialty was the number of medical physicians (-73.08%), epidemiology and hygiene (-69.30%), children's diseases (-49.08%), the most increased number was of family/general practitioners (GPs), geneticists, physical medicine, and rehabilitation specialists. Since 1992, the number of visits to physicians in Lithuania, which has been decreasing for a long time, began increasing, and in 2022 (9.3 visits) it has almost reached the number of visits (9.5) per capita as in 1991. The aim of this research was to collect long-term data from various databases, summarize them, and identify possible trends and the reasons for data changes. The study analyzed data from the Lithuanian healthcare system from the Declaration of Independence of Lithuania to the last 30 years. The data includes or affects the indicators of the healthcare system, changes in population and doctors, the number of visits to doctors, the number of medical students and residents, and data determining inequalities in the healthcare system. Long-term data analysis is useful for developing a model of healthcare human resource planning and for planning healthcare resources.

Frequency of Self Medication Among Health Science Students in Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan

Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and practices of self-medication among healthscience students. The research sought to identify factors influencing self-medication practices, includingdemographics, program of study, and access to medical facilities.Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study design.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad,Pakistan including the Departments of MBBS, BDS, Nursing, and DPT over six months, from February 2023 toJuly 2023.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, involving students from a private universityin Islamabad, including those in MBBS, BDS, Nursing, and DPT programs. The study was conducted over sixmonths, from February to July 2023, using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. A validatedquestionnaire was utilized for data collection, pre-tested for clarity and relevance, and translated from Arabicto English. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, involving descriptive and inferential statisticsto elucidate self-medication trends and associations.Results: Among the participants, 60.9% engaged in self-medication within the past six months. The most usedmedications were pain relievers (61.9%), antibiotics (39.1%), and cough syrups (35.8%). Motivations for selfmedication included perceiving the illness as non-serious (47%), saving time (46.4%), and relying on pastexperiences (36.4%). Access to personal knowledge (52.3%) and understanding the importance of prescribedmedicines (54.3%) were prevalent among the participants.Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant number of medical students practiced self-medication,primarily motivated by underestimating the severity of illnesses. Over-the-counter painkillers and antibiotics,despite requiring a physician's prescription, were the most commonly self-prescribed medications among thestudy population. How to cite this: Tahi Sk, Zaidi N, Shabbir M, Eman S, Batool A, Qureshi MH, Tariq MD. Frequency of Self Medication Among Health Science Students in Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan. Life and Science. 2024; 5(2): 222-227. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.505

Psychiatry as a career choice: determinants of attraction towards psychiatry among final year medical students in a Nigerian university

Background: Despite an increase in the overall number of medical students, the shortage of psychiatry trainees in Nigeria and worldwide reflects diminishing interest in psychiatry among medical students. The study examined the degree and factors influencing attraction towards psychiatry as a career choice. Method: A cross-sectional study of 71 final-year medical students who enrolled at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto State (UDUS), Northwest Nigeria between 2006/07 and 2013/14 academic session were interviewed in 2021 while in 600 level. The questionnaires were adapted from similar studies. Results: The ATP-30 revealed a high prevalence of negative attitudes towards psychiatry, the degree of preference for psychiatry as a career option was classified as low and high. Almost half (47.9%) of the participants had a low degree of preference for psychiatry as a career choice. Most (92.9%) of the participants rated job satisfaction (p&lt;0.001) and intellectually challenging (86.7%) (p&lt;0.001) poorly, as negative influences for not being attracted towards psychiatry as a career choice. A low proportion (8.5%) of the participants selected psychiatry as their most preferred area of specialization. Generally, the majority (85.7%) viewed psychiatry as not attractive. Among the participants, the majority perceived psychiatry as unattractive. Students' misconceptions about job satisfaction and the negative view of not being intellectually challenging were the associated factors for the negative views towards psychiatry. Conclusion: There is a need for strategy and policy to promote interest in psychiatry early in medical school and residency programs as recommended by the World Psychiatric Association.

Effectiveness of physical activity counselling and exercise prescription education among medical students: a systematic review

Background: Providing physical activity counselling and prescribing exercise increases patients’ activity and cardiorespiratory fitness, but healthcare providers experience challenges in promoting activity to patients. Implementing educational intervention during medical training may be an effective strategy to promote physical activity and exercise counselling/prescriptions. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the impact of educational interventions on medical students’ physical activity counselling and exercise prescription perceptions and practices. Methods: Systematic review procedures were registered in PROSPERO (ID# CRD42022331755) prior to conducting the study. Studies were included if they conducted an educational intervention to medical students or residents aimed at improving activity practices. Sources were searched in May of 2022 and included Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Academic Search Premier (n = 3412 citations without duplicates). The National Institutes of Health quality assessment tools were used. Results: Fifteen interventions were included. The average quality of the included controlled trials (n = 6) and pre-post studies with no control group (n = 9) were 5.0±1.5/12 and 6.2±1.3/14, respectively. Most studies (n = 4/6) that reported the total number of medical students providing activity counselling to patients before and after receiving intervention observed improvements in exercise counselling behaviours. Eleven of twelve, and ten of eleven studies reported increases in confidence and perceptions toward various features of exercise counselling and physical activity promotion, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the heterogeneous nature of intervention designs, this review supports that relatively brief interventions using a structured lecture format incorporated into curriculum promote acute improvements in medical students’ perceptions and confidence in providing exercise counselling, albeit based on low-moderate study quality.

Medical students' impression of a generalist in Japan: A cross-sectional study.

Despite the increasing global demand, few medical students aspire to become generalists. To address this shortage, we investigated medical students' impressions of generalists in Japan. This cross-sectional study used a web-based questionnaire from a previous study. The participants chose the impression of a generalist from four categories based on the previous report: family physician, hospital family physician, hospitalist, and general internal medicine. Medical students' impressions were as follows: family physicians (32%), hospitalists (28%), general internal medicine staff (20%), and hospital family physicians (18%). Students considered reasonable working hours, research opportunities, a clinical clerkship in generalist medicine, and information from university faculty as essential for making career choices. The study demonstrated that the number of Japanese medical students who considered generalists to be family physicians/hospital family physicians and the number of those who considered generalists to be hospitalists/general internal medicine were almost equal. To increase the number of medical students who consider and choose to become generalists, understanding their impressions of generalist practice and their needs regarding work settings in that role is crucial.

The Association Between Caffeine Consumption and Academic Success in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia.

Theconsumption ofcaffeinated beverages has increased significantly, particularly, among young adults. They usecaffeinated drinks foravariety of reasons. The most popularreason is to enhancemental alertness by improving brain function, wakefulness, and productivity. Thehigh prevalence rate of caffeinated drinks among young adults may affect theiracademic performance level. Adescriptive cross-sectional study based on an electronic questionnaire via Google Forms, conducted in February 2022 after the biomedical ethics committee obtained the ethical approval at Umm Al-QuraUniversity (UQU), College of Medicine, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,the sample size was593 medical students inMakkah region. Atotal number of 593 medical students participated in this study, most of the medical students who participated (47.20%) had average GPA of 85%-95%. The largest number of medical students (45.30%) consume only one cup of caffeinated beverages per day. We reported no association between caffeinated beverages consumption and academic performance. Our studydemonstrates thatcaffeinated beverages are a popular practice among medical college students. Majorityof the medical students in Makkah region consume coffee as the most popular drink, while energy drinks are considered to be the least consumed drink,but energy drinks are easilyaffordable and available. Therefore, primary prevention of excessive consumption of caffeine is essential.

What Training Do Foundation Doctors Feel They Require to Develop as Clinical Teachers?

PurposeTo explore the teaching that foundation doctors at the University Hospital of North Midlands undertake and what training they believe is necessary to develop as clinical educators.MethodsA mixed methods approach consisting of questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs), following an explanatory sequential design. FGD data was thematically analysed.ResultsThirty-four responses to the questionnaire were analysed. 97% respondents felt that teaching was an important part of their job role. The amount of time spent teaching each week varied from no time to more than two hours, and on average 25% of this teaching occurred outside of clinical hours.Foundation doctors enjoy teaching and want to help others. Challenges described were lack of time, shortage of opportunities and others’ perceptions of their ability to teach. Foundation doctors requested tailored training and formalised feedback to facilitate their development as teachers.ConclusionThis study has shown that foundation doctors undertake a significant amount of teaching and there is a clear desire for additional training. These doctors utilise different teaching methods to their seniors and therefore any training should focus on ad hoc sessions, ward supervision and bedside teaching. Local trusts, medical schools and the UK foundation programme could do more to support foundation doctors’ development as educators by giving them protected time and formalised feedback opportunities. Foundation doctors could be an untapped resource to support the medical school expansion plan in educating the increased numbers of medical students over the coming years.