Number Of Man-hours Research Articles

Effects of Some Herbicides on Cotton Weeds in the Sudan Gezira

SUMMARYPre-emergence application of the herbicides fluometuron, oxadiazon, oxadiazon + diuron and norflurazon gave satisfactory weed control, particularly during the early stages of cotton growth, but supplementary hand-weeding 6 weeks after sowing was necessary for control of resistant weed species. The number of man-hours required for supplementary weeding was considerably less than on the untreated control (6–52%). The economic implications of supportive hand-weeding is briefly discussed. No herbicides had any adverse effect on cotton except fluometuron at 0.95 kg/ha and norflurazon at 1.59 kg/ha.

A two channel slide method for lecture presentation

The author concludes that for a given lecturing ability, the degree to which educational requirements are fulfilled will be improved by a departure from the traditional blackboard presentation of the visual material of the lecture to a two channel slide presentation. In this way the lecturer, by improving the 'visual' side of his programme, can save much time for a large body of students and therefore cause a net reduction in the total number of man hours spent on the lecture by both teacher and students. Coupling this point to the assumption that a student has only a finite amount of work time, which itself is insufficient to cover the whole course in depth, a reduction in the time spent per topic would result in more material being understood.

Current trends in computer-assisted instruction

In the widest sense, "Computer-Assisted Instruction" (CAI) refers to any application of computers to teaching, a definition which includes the restricted concept of a tutorial where the computer does all the work of a teacher and also the broader concept of "Computer-Supplemented Instruction" (c si), in which the machine acts as a supplement to regular teaching, to drill and possibly test students on material they have learned elsewhere. Even most broadly defined, however, the use of computers in instruction up to the present has been rather limited compared with their use in educational administration and research, an imbalance likely to be only temporary. Already a substantial number of C AI programs have been written (Leakan, 1970) and several newsletters devoted to the subject are now being circulated.' This show of interest suggests that as computers become more common, there will be an increase in their use in teaching. There are still many problems in getting CAI accepted by educators, especially in the humanities, where the greatest pessimism about the use of new instructional technology is expressed (Wilcox, 1972). "Although dedicated individuals continue to devise programs, it is very likely that the number of man hours that have gone into the development and discussion of computer applications to instruction exceed the number

The Empirical Assumptions of Ricardo's 93 Per Cent. Labour Theory of Value

Over broad long term historical trends, the labour theory of value does retain its essential contact with reality. . . after all, and contrary to (the) weight of received opinion, are the deficiencies of the theory as a general guide to the determination of prices, anything like so grave as they have been alleged to be? After all, the deflection of prices of production from values as determined by man hours ... is not very wide. It remains true that 'in equilibrium' the number of man hours ... is the predominant determinant of the ratios at which these will in the long run tend to exchange.... If this were not so, if say jet liners on which an enormous amount of man hours had been directly and indirectly expended sold for less than bicycles, or if electric kettles fetched more than turbo generators, then we shall have to say the labour theory of value had no contact with reality.2

The Stirling County Study of Psychiatric Disorder & Sociocultural Environment. Vol I: My Name is Legion: Foundations for a Theory of Man in Relation to Culture

For more than a decade an impressive research project to determine the prevalence of psychiatric illness and its relationships to social and cultural factors was carried out in a Canadian county. A total of 115 individuals worked on the project, as well as 31 consultants and 13 secretaries. Three large volumes and 32 other publications present the findings to date. Presumably a vast number of man-hours and dollars have been expended. It is questionable whether the results justify the effort. The first volume, My Name is Legion , tells about the project. Mainly, however, the director, Alexander Leighton, indicates his views on personality, psychiatric disorder, and the significance of social disintegration. In a skillful combination of illustrative examples and theoretical discussion, he presents many interesting ideas and explains the philosophy underlying the research project. The book seems overlong, perhaps because of frequent summaries and repetitions. People of Cove and Woodlot describes

A simultaneous section adjustment for small computers

Summary We have been using the Jerie Analogue computer for the horizontal adjustment of blocks of sections for cadastral purposes. The operations were speeded up by using an electronic computer for all computations associated with the Jerie Analogue giving satisfactory results. The section block adjustment was adopted for future projects and it was decided that a numerical solution would be the best approach to use. The following are some of the characteristics that are most important for numerical adjustments: — it must of course give satisfactory results — it must be economical: this should include computer hours and man hours both for development and for normal production — it should have the minimum possible restrictions concerning the geometry of the sections and the positions of the ground control points and tie points — it should require tittle data handling; this is to prevent blunders and reduce the number of man-hours — it should be integrated with existing production schemes. The paper gives the formulation and shows how it is implemented in a working computer programme. We were more concerned with the organization than with the solution itself. An iterative solution was chosen because it permits us to solve more equations without using demping procedures, thus giving us more freedom. The solution used has a very interesting behaviour. The system does not converge asymptotically but oscillates about the path of convergence. The oscillations decay as the iterations proceed. During these oscillations it is not possible to compute and apply acceleration factors. After some experimenting it was found that these oscillations could be damped externally by applying “undercorrections” during the initial steps of the solution. Once the oscillations are damped out it is possible to compute the acceleration factor. During one adjustment the system was iterated 600 times. Even with this large number of iterations the solution costs only $ 120. including man-hours. We are therefore satisfied with the programme as it stands. It seems worthwhile to pursue the study of the system as it might have some use where other methods fail; more work is necessary to determine the “dynamic” properties of the system. At the present time it is relatively easy to accelerate the convergence by a factor of 3 with the use of damping factors and accelerators. The results of our tests will soon be published in full.

The Anatomy of Miss Byrd

* At three o'clock in the afternoon of the first Tuesday in November, almost everyone in Australia except Shirley Byrd stops work. Twenty or thirty horses line up on a fine, green racecourse in the south west, and the nine or ten million people trapped by the sun on Australia's fairly inhospitable brown earth give up all battles and gather by radios-or TV sets now, if they are lucky-to wait for one of those horses to win the Melbourne Cup. Almost everyone except Shirley Byrd has a ticket in a sweep, and even if the nation loses an unbelievable number of manhours that day, many Australians take home with them that night undeniable evidence of profit. I have been in a Melbourne Cup sweep every year since I was a boy of eleven, and I have missed hearing only one race since I was sixteen. The year I missed was the year I began working for the Department of Lands, in Sydney-the year Bill Wotton and Shirley and I all began there, in fact, though Shirley was the first of us. At three o'clock on Cup Tuesday, Mr. Little and Mr. Bullock and Bill and the rest of them were down near Roberta's desk-Roberta, at Bill's request, had brought in a black and gold beach portable for us all to listen by over afternoon tea-and, just as I came in, Mr. Bullock called out to Shirley to stop her typing because they couldn't hear. Down by the sunny windows at the far end of the long office they turned back to their radio then, and at her desk by the door Shirley

Strikes Under the Wagner Act

Previous articleNext article No AccessStrikes Under the Wagner ActJohn V. SpielmansJohn V. Spielmans Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Political Economy Volume 49, Number 5Oct., 1941 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/255764 Views: 8Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.