Number Of Live Mites Research Articles

In Vitro Efficacy of Carica papaya, Chromolaena odorata and Piper betle Leaves Extracts against Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis

Increasing concern on the efficacy of antimicrobials has spurred a demand for research on natural-based alternatives. This study assessed the efficacy of Carica papaya, Chromolaena odorata and Piper betle leaves extracts against mites (Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis). Efficacy was defined as the percent reduction in the number of live mites after 6 h of exposure to the treatments. The study utilized 100% fresh crude extract (FCE), 50% fresh crude extract in water (FCW), 50% ethanolic extract reconstituted in 60% ethanol (EEE) and 50% ethanolic extract reconstituted in distilled water (EEW) of the plants for the in vitro assay against S. scabiei var. canis. All plants exhibited varying acaricidal efficacy at different extraction procedures. Their FCW, EEE and EEW showed excellent acaricidal efficacy with P. betle showing maximum efficacy within 30 min of exposure. Thus, the three plants are potential sources of natural-based products for the treatment of canine sarcoptic mange. Further pharmacological and in vivo studies are recommended to validate their acaricidal efficacy.

Efficacy of fluralaner spot-on solution for the treatment of Ctenocephalides felis and Otodectes cynotis mixed infestation in naturally infested cats

BackgroundCats can be infested with several ectoparasite species, especially Ctenocephalides felis and Otodectes cynotis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single topical application of fluralaner against C. felis and O. cynotis natural infestation in stray (study 1) and owned (study 2) cats in central and southern Italy.ResultsThe number of live fleas found on each cat on Day 0 ranged from 1 to more than 30 (arithmetic mean live flea count = 11.9 in study 1; 14.6 in study 2) while no live fleas were found on days 7 and 84 post topical application of fluralaner. The number of live mites found on each cat on Day 0 ranged from 1 to 42 (arithmetic mean live mite count = 6.4 in study 1; 8.9 in study 2) while no live mites were found on days 7 and 84 post topical application of fluralaner.ConclusionsTopical fluralaner completely eliminated fleas and ear mites from infested cats and was 100% effective against both parasites up to 84 days after treatment.

Efficacy of fluralaner plus moxidectin (Bravecto\xae Plus spot-on solution for cats) against Otodectes cynotis infestations in cats

BackgroundThe efficacy of the fixed combination of fluralaner plus moxidectin for the treatment of Otodectes cynotis infestations was evaluated in cats after topical application.MethodsSixteen cats experimentally infested with O. cynotis were allocated randomly to two groups of 8 cats each. One group was treated topically with the fixed combination of fluralaner plus moxidectin at the minimum dose rate of 40 mg fluralaner and 2 mg moxidectin/kg body weight. The other group was treated with physiological saline solution. Before and 14 and 28 days after treatment the ears of all cats were examined otoscopically for live mites and for the amount of debris and cerumen. Twenty-eight days after treatment, the cats were sedated and had both ears flushed to obtain the total number of live mites per animal. Efficacy was calculated, based on the results of the ear flushing, by comparing mean live mite counts in the fluralaner plus moxidectin treated group versus the saline group.ResultsA single topical application of the fixed combination of fluralaner plus moxidectin to cats reduced the mean mite counts by 100% (P < 0.001) by 28 days after treatment. No mites were visible during otoscopic examination at either 14 or 28 days after treatment. All fluralaner plus moxidectin treated cats had less ceruminous exudate 28 days after treatment compared to pre-treatment and 14 days after treatment. No treatment related adverse events were observed in any cats enrolled in the study.ConclusionsSingle topical application of the fixed combination of fluralaner plus moxidectin was highly effective against O. cynotis infestations in cats.

Toxicity of fipronil in rabbits as a therapeutic drug for "Psoroptes cuniculi": A preliminary observation

In the current report, a preliminary observation to study the adverse effects of the broad use acaricides fipronil (FPN) in rabbits infested with Psoroptes cuniculi. Two separate groups (5 rabbits/each) treated topically (poured on at the base of the neck) with fipronil 5%, 1 vial/ 10 kilogram body weight (kg bw) and 1 vial/ 5 kg bw. After FPN spot on application, rabbits in both groups examined microscopically on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day post treatment and the number of live mites (larvae, nymphs, and adults) on each rabbit counted at the end of the experiment (28th day). The results showed that the number of mites in rabbits topically treated with FPN did not show significant decrease, moreover a decrease in both treated rabbits body weight (bw) and in performance observed clearly, with some attendant mortality. In conclusion, this work showed that FPN was with limited efficacy on P. cuniculi and had some undesirable side effects. Further and in-depth studies on FPN toxicity in rabbits and other animals are necessary.

Clinical Studies on the Efficacy of Different Topical Drugs with Ivermectin Injection in the Treatment of Egyptian Water Buffalo Calves Infested with Psoroptes Spp. Mites

A total of thirty water buffalo calves at smallholder farm suffering from skin lesions and clinical signs compatible with mange were investigated clinically and parasitologically. The efficacy of three topical drugs with ivermectin in the treatment of psoroptes mites was investigated. Infested calves were randomly allocated into four groups (6 calves each) in addition to a positive control group. The four uncontrolled groups were treated with a single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin at the rate of 1mL/50kg body weight. Three groups were treated with different topical agents including benzyl benzoate 25%, crotamiton 10% and permethrin 5% once daily for two consecutive days. The number of live mites in skin scrapings was obtained before and after treatment for eight weeks. Severity of skin lesions was evaluated and scored. The synergistic effect of each topical agent with ivermectin were compared for eliminating mites, aiming to obtain the ideal treatment model. Mite counts of the treated animals with ivermectin plus permethrin were significantly (p

Efficacy of fluralaner against Otodectes cynotis infestations in dogs and cats

BackgroundThe efficacy of fluralaner for the treatment of Otodectes cynotis infestations in dogs and cats was evaluated after oral (dogs) or topical administration (dogs and cats).Twenty-four dogs and sixteen cats were experimentally infested with O. cynotis and randomly allocated to equal sized groups (n = 8/group). Dog groups were treated once, either orally with fluralaner at a minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, topically with fluralaner at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight or topically with saline solution (control). Cat groups were treated once, either topically with fluralaner at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight or topically with saline solution. Ears of all animals were examined otoscopically for live visible mites and the amount of debris and cerumen before, and 14 and 28 days after treatment. Twenty-eight days after treatment, animals were sedated and both ears were flushed to obtain the total number of live mites per animal. The efficacy was calculated, based on the results of the ear flushing, by comparing mean live mite counts in the fluralaner treated groups versus the saline solution treated group.ResultsA single topical treatment of cats with fluralaner reduced the mean mite counts by 100% (P < 0.001) at 28 days after treatment. Similarly, a single oral or topical treatment of dogs with fluralaner reduced the mean mite counts by 99.8% (P < 0.001) at 28 days after treatment. Cats treated topically with fluralaner had no mites visible during otoscopic examination at either 14 or 28 days after treatment. All dogs treated orally or topically with fluralaner had no mites visible during otoscopic examination at 28 days after treatment. At 14 days after treatment, only 1–2 mites were visible in three dogs (oral treatment: 2 dogs, topical treatment: 1 dog). All fluralaner-treated animals showed improvement in the amount of cerumen exudation compared with observations performed before treatment. No treatment related adverse events were observed in any dogs or cats enrolled in these studies.ConclusionsIn this study, fluralaner administered topically to cats and orally or topically to dogs was highly effective against Otodectes cynotis mite infestations.

The acaricidal efficacy of aqueous neem extract and ivermectin against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in experimentally infested rabbits

Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi is one of the most important veterinary ectoparasites in rabbits and results in considerable loss of weight, productivity, and wool quality. The acaricidal activity of aqueous leaf extract of neem (CAN) and ivermectin (IVR) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo against S. scabiei var. cuniculi. Rabbits were classified into four groups (ten rabbits each). The first group (group 1) was designated as the negative control group. Each rabbit of the other groups was experimentally infested with 50 mites. One month post-infestation, the second group (group 2) was not treated and taken into account as the positive control group. The third group (group 3) was subcutaneously injected with 1% IVR (200μg/kg body weight, three times within a week interval). The fourth group (group 4) was treated topically with CAN (25%) every 3days for three consecutive weeks. Index scoring of lesions was described weekly. The number of live mites (larvae, nymphs, and adults) on each rabbit was counted on the 14th, 28th, and 42th day post-treatment (PT). Blood samples were taken 28 and 42days PT for estimation of some chemical parameters. The body weight and cumulative body weight gain were recoded 14, 28, and 42days PT. CAN (40%) was highly efficacious against larvae of S. scabiei var. cuniculi as 100% mortality was reached 24h PT. On the other hand, all treated mites with CAN (20%) and IVR died 48h PT. The lethal values of CAN (LC50, LC90, LC95, and LC99) were 7.496, 14.67, 17.75, and 25.37%, respectively, 48h PT. Lesion scoring in groups 3 and 4 were significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05), reaching 0.20 and 0.40, respectively, when compared with that of group 2 (4.00), 42days PT. Twenty-eightdays PT, the reduction percentages of mites infesting rabbits were 93.38 and 93.09% for IVR and CAN, respectively. However, complete mite reduction was reached 42days PT. Rabbits treated with CAN did not show signs of restlessness or irritation, respiratory signs, or inflammation on the eye and/or skin at the time of application or afterwards. Regarding biochemical analysis, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and total cholesterol in rabbits treated with CAN were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) than those of rabbits of the positive control group and those treated with IVR. On the other hand, the levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin of rabbits in group 4 were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased when compared with the corresponding values of groups 2 and 3. The body weight and cumulative body weight gain of rabbits treated with CAN were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) when compared with such values of groups 2 and 3, 28 and 42days PT. The present data indicated that CAN had in vitro and in vivo acaricidal efficiency similar to that of IVR and improved the performance of rabbits without inducing adverse effects on treated rabbits; consequently, CAN could be suitable as a promising alternative acaricide for veterinary use.

The treatment of bovine sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis) using eprinomectin extended-release injection

The efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (ERI) formulation was evaluated in cattle harbouring induced infestations of Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis (sarcoptic mange) in three studies conducted in Germany (two studies) and Austria (one study). A total of 44 cattle were included in the studies, 12 in one study and 16 in each of the other two studies. Approximately eight weeks following initial induced infestation, cattle in each study were formed into replicates of two animals each on the basis of pre-treatment bodyweights. Within replicates the animals were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: ERI vehicle (control) or Eprinomectin 5% (w/v) ERI (1.0mg eprinomectin/kg). Treatments were administered at 1mL/50kg bodyweight by subcutaneous injection in front of the shoulder once on day 0. The number of live mites in skin scrapings was determined prior to treatment and at weekly intervals for eight weeks after treatment. Severity of skin lesions was evaluated and scored when skin scrapings were taken. In all studies, animals were weighed before infestation and again prior to and at 56 days after treatment.Mite counts for treated cattle were significantly (p<0.05) lower than counts for controls from Day 7 onwards. Cattle treated with Eprinomectin ERI were Sarcoptes mite-free from seven, 21 or 28 days post-treatment to the end of the study in the three studies, and lesions regressed accordingly. Mean weight gain over the post-treatment period was significantly higher for treated cattle than for controls in two studies. All animals accepted the treatment well.

Efficacy of a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin against Caparinia tripilis in African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)

BackgroundThe efficacy and safety of a combination formulation of 10% imidacloprid + 1.0% moxidectin spot-on (Advocate® for Cats, Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany) was tested in 40 African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) naturally infested with Caparinia tripilis.MethodsThe optimal dosage level of the combination for hedgehogs was determined by assigning 20 hedgehogs into three treatment groups (0.1, 0.4 and 1.6 ml/Kg b.w.), and one untreated control group of 5 hedgehogs each. Twenty naturally infested hedgehogs were then randomly assigned to either treatment or control group with 10 animals each, and the number of live mites was counted from 13 body regions on day 0, 3, 9, 16, and 30 after single treatment at the dosage level of 0.1 ml/Kg.ResultsBefore the chemotherapy, the highest density of mite was observed in external ear canals followed by the dorsal and the lowest in the ventral regions of the body surface. The dosage level of 0.1 ml/Kg, which corresponded to the recommended dosage level for cats, containing 10 mg imidacloprid and 1 mg moxidectin was also the optimal dosage level for hedgehogs. No hedgehogs in the treatment group showed live mites from day 3 post treatment. Side effects such as ataxia, depression, nausea, and weight fluctuation were not observed during the whole period of study.ConclusionsThis report suggests that a combination formulation of 0.1 ml/Kg of 10% imidacloprid + 1% moxidectin spot-on for cats is also useful for the control of Caparinia tripilis infestation in hedgehogs.

Essential Oils of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants as Botanical Biocide for Management of Coconut Eriophyid Mite (Aceria guerreronisKeifer)

The present study investigated the efficiency of essential oils extracted from different aromatic and medicinal plant sources onAceria guerreronisKeifer, one of the serious pests of coconut. The essential oils and the herbal extracts were prepared in two different formulations and were used both in laboratory and field conditions to assess the efficiency of the formulations against the coconut mite infestation. The field trial results showed that reduction in infestation intensity was found to vary between 73.44% and 44.50% at six different locations of trial farms with an average of 64.18% after four spells of treatment. The average number of live mites was higher in the third month old nuts both in the control as well as the treated nut samples. The laboratory experiments on the efficacy of botanical biocide showed that the time taken for dehydration and shriveling of body cells took only sixty seconds. The multilocational field trials revealed the overall efficiency of the biocide to significantly control the eriophyid mite in coconut crop in an ecofriendly and sustainable manner without adopting any chemical pesticide.

Sobrevivência do ácaro Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross &amp; Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae) na ausência de alimento

The ability of a natural enemy to tolerate starvation increases its chances to survive in the absence of food, what is an important factor for its success in storage grain environment. The objective of the present work was to assess the survival of Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) in the absence of food. The experiment used individualized physogastric females of A. lacunatus placed in petri dishes (5 cm diameter) and maintained at 20, 25, 28, 30 and 32 degrees C, 50+/-5 % R.H. and 24h scotophase. The number of live mites was recorded every 6h thus assessing the progeny survival without food at different temperatures. The mites died within 60h at the temperatures 30 degrees C and 32 degrees C, while they survived for up to 108h at 20, 25 and 28 degrees C. The mean lethal time for death was 58.6h for the lowest temperatures and 39.3h for the highest temperatures. Thus, A. lacunatus subjected to starvation lived longer under lower temperatures, what is probably due to its lower metabolism. In contrast, the mites survived for about 90h at 28 degrees C, temperature commonly observed in tropical and subtropical climates, what may favor their use as control agents of stored product insects in these regions.

Evaluation of suppression effect of total release aerosol containing a new candidate compound, amidoflumet, on house dust mite allergen under semi-practical conditions

A semi-practical test was conducted in order to evaluate the suppression effect of a total release aerosol (TRA) containing a newly developed acaricide, amidoflumet, on the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes. Three pieces of carpet sized 80 × 80 cm with harbored mites were maintained by distinct procedures: (1) TRA treatment with weekly vacuuming (Chemical treatment), (2) weekly vacuuming only without TRA (Control A) and (3) 5 vacuumings a week without TRA (Control B). The number of live mites and the mite allergen levels (Der f I and Der f II) obtained from 25 cm^2 area of the carpets were compared with up to 57 days posttreatment. The number of live mites in the chemical treatment carpet was reduced to 1% of the pretreatment level at day 8 and was maintained at the low level (< 5 living mites/25 cm^2) until day 43. The quantities of Der f I and Der f II in the chemical treatment carpet decreased to 45% and 55% of the pretreatment level, respectively. For the control A carpet, the number of live mites and the allergen levels kept increasing for 57 days, and the number of live mites, Der f I and Der f II at day 57 reached 36, 14 and 25 times more than the day 0 levels, respectively. In the contol B carpet, the numbers of live mite between day8 and day 22 were greater than that of day 0. The mite allergen levels of the control B fluctuated until day 22 and then decreased to 6% (Der f I) or 4% (Der f II)of the day 0 levels. This was due to less absolute weight of the collected dust in the control B. Consequently, a treatment of the amidoflumet TRA combined with weekly vacuum cleaning was considered to be a more effective strategy than frequent cleaning (5 times/week) alone for the house dust mite and mite allergen. It was also suggested that more frequent cleanings with a TRA treatment would enhance the allergen avoidance effect.

Effect of Leafspot Fungicides on Twospotted Spider Mite in Virginia Peanut, 1995

Abstract Selected fungicides were evaluated for effect on TSSM in cv. ‘NC-V 11’ Virginia-type peanut in Isle of Wight, VA. Comite 6, known to be efficacious against mites, was included for comparison. Peanuts were planted on 6 May using a 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied on 28 Jul and again on 11 Aug using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 20 ft. Treatments were evaluated on 28, 31 Jul and on 3, 7, 11, 16 and 22 Aug by comparing the number of live mites in a 1.5 cm diam area on 2 randomly selected leaflets per plot. Mite counts were made in the field using lOx magnification lenses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures. Cumulative mite-days (CMD) were calculated for each treatment over the entire test period using Σ(Xi+1 - Xi)[(Yi + Yi+1)/2], where Xi and Xi+1 are adjacent sample dates and Yi and Yi+1 are corresponding points of mean mite number per leaflet.

Effect of Selected Insecticide/Acaricides on Twospotted Spider Mite in Virginia Peanut, 1995

Abstract Selected insecticide/acaricides were evaluated for efficacy against TSSM in cv. ‘NC 7’ Virginia-type peanut in Isle of Wight County, VA. Peanuts were planted on 4 May using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied on 28 Jul. The Comite + 5 d treatment was applied again on 5 Aug. Karate, at the 0.025 and 0.04 lb (AI)/acre rates, Capture C, and Danitol were applied again on 9 Aug. All were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 15 ft. Treatments were evaluated on 28, 31 Jul and on 3, 7, 11, 16, 22 and 29 Aug by comparing the number of live mites in a 1.5 cm diam area on 2 randomly selected leaflets per plot. Mite counts were made in the field using 10x magnification lenses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures. Cumulative mite-days (CMD) were calculated for each treatment over the entire test period using Σ(Xi+1 – Xi)[(Yi + Yi+1)/2], where Xi and Xi+1 are adjacent sample dates and Yi and Yi+1 are corresponding points of mean mite number per leaflet.

The use ofdomestic steam cleaning for the control of house dust mites

Control of dust mites using extremes of temperature is an alternative to the use of acaricides. In the past we have attempted control by freezing with liquid nitrogen. The present paper deals with the opposite extreme, the use of steam. To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a domestic steam cleaner for the control of dust mites, its effect on mite populations and concentrations of the allergen Der p 1. A domestic steam cleaner was used to treat carpet squares that had been seeded in the laboratory with known numbers of dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). The number of live mites was monitored for a period of 4 months in eight treated carpet squares and eight controls. Dust samples were taken from 12 standardized areas of carpet in a tenement flat in Glasgow, UK, before and after steam cleaning treatment, and the concentration of allergen Der p 1 was compared with 12 adjacent, control areas. No live mites were found at any time in the treated carpet squares, whereas in the control squares geometric mean mite population density rose from 11 after 3 days to 39 after 1 month, 66 after 2, 122 after 3 and 185 after 4 months. There was a mean reduction of 86.7% in Der p 1 concentration (3.3-0.44 microgram/g) compared with a reduction of 4.7% (2.22-2.116 micrograms/g) in control areas, a difference that was statistically significant at the 5% level. These data indicate that steam cleaning has considerable potential as an highly effective and efficient method of killing dust mites and reducing concentrations of Der p 1 in domestic premises.

Control of Twospotted Spider Mite in Peanut, 1993

Abstract Selected pesticides were evaluated for control of TSSM in cv. ‘NC-10’ Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted using a 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied on 28 Jul and again on 10 Aug using a CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal formulation per acre at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A RCBD was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 20 ft. Treatments were evaluated on 28, 30 Jul and on 3, 5, 10, 13, 20, and 29 Aug by comparing the number of live mites in a 1.5 cm diam area on 4 randomly-selected leaflets per plot. Mite counts were made in the field using 10X magnification lenses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures. A cumulative index (CI) was calculated for each treatment using ∑(Xi+1 - Xi)[(Yi + Yi+1)/2], where Xi, and Xi+1, are adjacent sample dates and Yi and Yi+1, are corresponding points of total mite number.

Control of Eriophyid Mites on Baldcypress with Sunspray Ultrafine Spray Oil, 1993

Abstract Baldcypress, 75 to 100 ft tall, located on the property of Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of Sunspray Ultrafine Spray Oil on eriophyid mites. On 28 Jul, the trees were treated with a 1.5% solution of oil using an SDI sprayer operating at 700 psi with a #50 hollow cone spray nozzle tip. Treatment was performed at 5:00 am under clear skies, 27°C, 55% RH, and &amp;lt;5 mph winds. The treatment was evaluated by randomly sampling 5 branches from 4 sprayed and 4 unsprayed trees. From each branch, one leaf, 3A to 1 inch in width and cut to a length of 2 inches, was examined with a dissecting microscope. The number of live mites per leaf section was counted. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 1 and 23 DAT.

Citrus Red Mite Control on ‘4-40’ Satsuma Selection in Louisiana, 1991

Abstract The study was conducted on a plot of‘4-40’ satsuma mandarin trees located at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center’s Citrus Research Station, Port Sulphur, LA. Pretreatment mite counts were made 11 Jun, and all treatments were applied 13 Jun with the aid of a FMC model 100 CP airblast sprayer and a tractor speed of 3rd low 1200 RPM to generate an operating pressure of approximately 200 psi. The study consisted of 5 treatments with 10 single tree replications from which mite counts were determined by taking 5 leaves per tree and counting the number of live mites on the right bottom half of the leaf and then doubling the count to obtain the number of mites per leaf. After treatment application mite counts were made at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAT. All miticide spray solutions were buffered to a pH of approximately 6.0 with the addition of Triton AG-44 M (Latron AG-44 M).

Control of Citrus Red Mite on ‘Washington Navel’ Orange in Louisiana, 1991

Abstract The study was conducted on a plot of ‘Washington navel’ citrus trees located at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center’s Citrus Research Station, Port Sulphur, Louisiana. Pre-spray mite counts were made 11 Jun, and treatments were applied 13 Jun with the aid of an FMC model 100 CP airblast sprayer with an operating pressure of approximately 200 psi and tractor speed of 3rd low 1200 RPM. The study consisted of 5 treatments with 10 single tree replications from which mite counts were determined by taking 5 leaves per tree and counting the number of live mites on the right bottom half of the leaf and then doubling the count to obtain the number of mites per leaf. Once treatment application had occurred, counts were taken at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAT. When mite population built up to 10+ mites per leaf, that treatment(s) was reapplied. During this study, this occurred with the Kelthane treatment, which was reapplied 12 Jul and for both Morestan treatments which were reapplied 16 Aug. All miticide spray solutions were buffered to a pH of approximately 6.0 with the addition of Triton AG-44 M (Latron AG-44 M).

Control of Twospotted Spider Mite in Peanut, 1991

Abstract Selected pesticides were evaluated for control of TSSM in 'NC-llC Virginiatype peanut in Isle of Wight County, VA. Peanuts were planted using a 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were applied on 23 Jul using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal formulation per acre at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top and 1 on each side. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated 3 h before and 3 and 9 DAT by comparing the number of live mites in a 1.5 cm diam area on 2 randomly selected leaflets per plot. Mite counts were made in the field using 10 × magnification lenses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.