Number Of House Flies Research Articles

Efektivitas ekstrak kunyit (Curcuma longa) sebagai bioinsektisida alami untuk menghalau lalat rumah (Musca domestica)

Background: Fly-borne diseases are still a health problem in urban and rural communities, such as diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract, such as abdominal typhus, cholera, typhoid fever, diarrhoea, dysentery, and others. The simplest and most common mode of transmission is mechanical. In this method, the vector spreads the parasite through contact with the host without the parasite breeding on the fly.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) as a natural bioinsecticide to repel house flies (Musca domestica).Method: Quasi-experiment with only design with control design. The samples in this study were 20 houseflies in each of the two treatments and one control with three repetitions. The research was conducted at the Aceh Polytechnic Laboratory in 2022 and analyzed by ANOVA test at 95% CI.Result: It was found that the number of houseflies that rejected the administration of turmeric extract was 28, based on concentrations of 10gram/100ml, 15gram, 100ml and control (without adding extracts).At the concentration of control - 10gram/100ml (p= 0,005), 10gram/100ml - 15gram/100ml (p= 0,000), control - 15gram/100ml. There is a significant difference in each concentration (p = 0,000).Conclusion: Turmeric extract, as a natural bioinsecticide for house fly repellent, is most effective at a concentration of 15 grams/100 ml. It is suggested that the community can utilize turmeric extract can be recommended as a bio-insecticide and a house fly repellent in the household industry process.

Potensi Filtrat Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) Sebagai Bioinsektisida Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

Flies is one type of Arthropod insect as a vector and carrier of disease. Control of flies by using chemical insecticides continuously results in resistance to flies and can pollute the environment. Another alternative that can be used is a plant insecticide that is derived from breadfruit leaf plants. Phytochemical results of breadfruit leaves have 1.88% Flavonoids, Saponins 2.26%, and Tanins 1.05%. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of breadfruit leaf filtrate as a bioinsecticide of house flies (Musca domestica).This type of research uses pure experiments with a post test only control group design with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, control and 5 replications. The number of house flies used was 375. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test.The results showed p 0.05 which means that there were differences in the average death of house flies by using various concentrations of each treatment. Probit test obtained Lethal Concentration (LC50) results at the first hour ie at a concentration of 5.189%, the 12th hour at a concentration of 3.930% and the 24th hour showed a concentration of 3.086%.Suggestions for other researchers can do the same research by comparing with other plants that contain active compounds that have the potential to kill house flies (Musca domestica). Other plants that have higher active compound content can be used as a recommendation for bio-degradable plant-based insecticides.

House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Resting Preference on Various Cords and Potential of Fipronil- or Indoxacarb- Impregnation on Cords for Fly Control

Fly preference for resting on various cords was evaluated, and preferred cords were impregnated with insecticides for control of house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Numbers of house flies attracted to and resting on natural (manila, cotton, cotton wick, wool, and leather) and synthetic (nylon, polypropylene, and parachute cord) cords were counted. Synthetic cords attracted significantly fewer flies than natural cords, and the plant-based cords were more attractive than the animal-based cords. Manila cord had significantly more flies resting on it than any other cord. The most attractive cords were treated with 0.1% fipronil or 0.6% indoxacarb for laboratory testing. Insecticide-treated wool cord had the lowest LT50's (fipronil: LT50 = 12.9 h; indoxacarb LT50 = 32.6 h), and the impregnated cotton cord had the highest LT50's. The LT50's for the synthetic cords were significantly lower than those for the cotton and manila cords. Field evaluations in cages were conducted with wool cords impre...

Inexpensive Trap for Capturing House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Manure Pits of Caged-Layer Poultry Houses

An economical and easily constructed trap that captures large numbers of house flies, Musca domestica L., in dark interior areas such as the manure pits beneath high-rise, caged-layer poultry houses was devised. The trap is a Hodge-type trap with a single 40-W blacklight fluorescent bulb and a reflector. Over a 30-d period, three traps hung in the manure pit of a layer house that had a calculated daily fly population of 1,134,000 flies. Each trap averaged 10,500 flies (1% of the population) per day. The traps required cleaning only once every 30 d.

Permethrin Sprays for Fly Control on Horses, 1990

Abstract Three permethrin insecticide products, ThroughCare Power Plus (plus R-ll), ThroughCare Power Plus (minus R-ll), and Tri-Tec 14, were tested for fly control using 12 pastured thoroughbred mares. Three mares were randomly assigned to each treatment group and 3 mares were used as untreated controls. On 25 Jun, all mares were brushed and a 0.25 m2 area on each side of the treatment mares was sprayed with 15 ml of a test product: to wet the hair thoroughly without runoff. Mares were pastured by treatment groups. Twenty house flies and 30 stable flies were confined to the sides of each mare for 10 min using tea strainers (12.7 cm diam) held in place with elastic straps. Separate sets of straps and tea strainers were used for each treatment group. House flies were confined on one side and stable flies were confined on the other side of each mare 2 h prior to treatment, 1 h and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 DAT. Numbers of house flies and stable flies resting on each mare and knocked down were recorded after 1, 5, and 10 min. After exposure, flies were transferred to paper cages (473 ml) with screen tops and supplied with cotton soaked in 15% glucose. Mortality was determined 24 h after the exposure period. Temperature and relative humidity ranged from 10-35°C and 30-84%, respectively. Precipitation was limited to 0.3 cm on 5 Jul.

Evaluation of a Synergist when Added to Synthetic Pyrethroids for Control of the House Fly in Dairy Premises, 1982

Abstract Prentox PBO 8 (91.3% Piperonyl Butoxide Technical) was applied as a 5:1 tank mix with one-half recommended rates of Ectiban 5.7%EC and Ectrin 10%WDL, Jul through Sep, to dairy premises in Montgomery Co, VA. Standard treatments of Ectiban EC and Ectrin WDL were also applied to dairy premises for comparative efficacy. The treatments and rates were as follows: 1 qt Ectiban EC/12.5 gal water; 1 pt Ectiban EC & 5 pt PBO 8/12.5 gal water; 1 qt Ectrin WDL/10 gal water; 1 pt Ectrin WDL & 5 pt PBO 8/10 gal water. Each treatment was applied at separate dairies, not more than ca 5 miles from each other, with a high pressure sprayer operating at 100 psi. Weekly fly counts were made at all locations. Calf barns and loafing sheds were selected as the test areas. Two methods were used to determine fly populations. A Scudder grill was replicated at specific sites in a test area. After 1 min, flies that landed on the grill were counted. ‘Fly Catchers’ (Aeroxon) sticky tapes were also replicated at specific sites. The tapes were hung for 45 min, removed, and the total number of flies recorded. Pretreatment data were recorded. Post-treatment data were calculated as the weekly mean number of house flies for each sampling method per treatment. Weeks 4-11 were subjected to analysis of variance (P = 0.05).

Weight gain response and efficacy of washing and various insecticide treatments for prevention of flies feeding on shear wounds of summer shorn lambs.

Crotoxyphos + dichlorvos (Ciovap®), ronnel, and dioxathion sprays reduced by at least 90% the number of house flies, Musca domestica L., face flies, M. autumnalis De Geer, stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and blow flies (Phaenicia spp. and Calliphora spp.) feeding on lamb shearing wounds. Forced use of crotoxyphos dust was more variable than sprays but provided an average reduction of fly feeding of 75%. Treated lambs had an average daily gain (ADG) of 1.35 lb/lamb for 9 days posttreatment whereas untreated lambs had an ADG of 1.08 lb/lamb (significant at the 0.01 level t test). Washing lambs prior to treatment had no effect on efficacy of the insecticide.

エアゾール殺虫剤試験の為の新自動噴霧装置

Screening tests for various aerosol formulations of active insecticides necessitate a device which can deliver an accurate volume of aerosol insectisides at an extremely short period. For this need, an automatic mechanical device was invented. The present device is composed of a time gear which can be pre-set at any time between 0.1 sec. to 30 sec., and a magnet of which arm presses a nozzle button of an aerosol can with the constant pressure of 2kg/cm^2. A spring coil on the nozzle button, instead, pushes back the magnet-arm to cases spraying when an electric current is cut off automatically. By spraying the aerosol containing 0.3% DDVP, 0.1% pyrethrin and 1 mC of P^<32> in 90ml of xylene through 50cm long, and 9cm wide glass cylinder kept horizontally under a hood, 10 house flies were exposed at the other end of the cylinder for a test. Eight time repetitions were made for each spraying test pressed by either the device or a finger. At 10 seconds after puffing the aerosol, the air under the hood was ventilated and the number of house flies was counted. The doses of insecticide attached to house flies were calculated from the radioactivities picked up. The device was satisfactory on the following points and proved to be useful for testing aerosol formulations of active insecticides : 1) KT-50s increased proportionately with increase of the reciprocal values of time when sprayed by the device, however, irregularly by the finger. Especially, in such an extremely short spray as 0.2 sec. the finger could not control the time and tended to press longer. The standard deviations of the knock-down time were smaller when pressed by the device than by finger. This fact is of prime importance since the smaller deviations make the comparison among different candidate formulations more accurate. 2) The radioactivities, namely, the doses of insecticides picked by house flies also showed the proportional increase in accordance with increase of spraying periods when pressed by the device, but not so by finger. The standard deviations of the radioactivities of house flies were, however, indifferent between the tests by the device and by finger. There was a fine linear relationship between the log.-KT-50 and the log.-mean volume of insecticide attached to the house flies.

A dipping technique for selecting house-flies, Musca domestica L., for resistance to insecticides

A dipping technique for exposing large numbers of house-flies (Musca domestica L.) to measured doses of insecticide is described. It is suitable for selecting resistant populations and, while giving consistent results, is more rapid than other techniques used for this purpose.Up to 2,000 flies of both sexes, less than 24 hr. old, are immersed for three minutes in 100 ml. of a 70 per cent, mixture of acetone and water containing the required concentration of insecticide, using a 9-cm. sintered glass Büchner funnel as the immersion chamber. The liquid is then removed by suction, the sides of the funnel are wiped with filter paper, and the flies are allowed to drain for three minutes; they are then transferred in small batches to plastic recovery chambers containing food. Mortality is recorded next day, and the survivors are released into breeding cages.Experiments showed that immersion for three minutes in 70 per cent, acetone was virtually harmless to the flies and that the amount of insecticide deposited on individual flies was reasonably uniform (coefficient of variation about 20%). Batches of 2,000 flies, but not more, could be treated at one time.When the dipping technique was compared with topical application of measured drops of insecticide, using a susceptible strain of house-flies and two other strains that were resistant to DDT and diazinon, dipping gave steeper log-probit regression lines than topical application, and the LD50's and resistance factors of the resistant strains were smaller. With flies resistant to DDT, dipping gave straight regression lines whereas topical application gave compound lines.

Effect of Macrochelidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) on House Fly Production From Dairy Cattle Manure1

Caged areas of intact calf pen manure with the mite population undisturbed produced 61% to 67% fewer house flies ( Musca domestica Linnaeus) than did areas with the mites destroyed by Kelthanc® (l, l-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) when 20,000 fly eggs were added to each area. Outdoor piles of dairy cattle manure with the mite population undisturbed produced 31% to 45% fewer house flies than did piles with the mites destroyed by Kelthane, when 50,000 fly eggs were added to each pile. Indoor caged piles of fresh dairy cattle manure to which 20,000 house fly eggs were added produced 94% fewer flies when 200 Macrocheles museaedomestieae (Scopoli) and 200 Glyptholaspis confuse (Foa) were added than did piles to which no mites were added. Similar reductions in fly production in the presence of the mites resulted when 20,000 and 60,000 eggs and fresh manure were added to the piles 3 weeks later. Addition of 60,000 eggs to indoor caged piles of fresh dairy cattle manure, to which were added 200 M. muscaedomesticae and 200 G. Confusa , resulted in 83% fewer house flies than were produced from piles with no mites. The reductions in numbers of house flies by the mites were large compared to the actual fly production from manure but were small compared to the potential production of flies from the numbers of eggs added.

Feed Additives for Control of House Fly Larvae in Livestock Feces1

There was no reduction in the numbers of house flies (Musca domestica L.) completing development from egg to adult in feces from a steer fed up to 100 gm./day of Polybor 3, (containing 98% of disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (Na2B8O13-4H20)). When mixed directly with cattle manure, Polybor 3 was an effective larvicide; a possible explanation for relatively higher rates in a steer ration not controlling larvae in feces is discussed. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner spores containing 25 billion/gm. mixed directly with cattle feces at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg./kg. and inoculated with 100 house fly eggs resulted in an average of 43, 41, 9, 5, and 0 adult house flies completing development, respectively. Feeding 20 gm. B. thuringiensis/day to a steer prevented development of house flies in manure, and 0.125 gm. B. thuringiensis/kg. ration greatly reduced the number of adult flies emerging from hen droppings. The presence of aureomycin did not decrease the effectiveness of this pathogen.

The Number of Stable Flies in Norwegian Barns, and Their Resistance to DDT1

By taking regular observations on the number of house flies (Musca domestiea L.), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) and Fannia species in barns of eastern Norway, it has been shown that stable flies make up a large part of the fly population during the summer months. Of 5954 flies observed in 11 barns during the summers of 1956 and 1957, 74.5% were stable flies, 15.3% house flies and 10.2% Fannia species. Four field-collected strains of stable flies showed differences of up to 5 to 6 times in their tolerance to DDT and lindane, when exposed to blotting paper treated with each of the insecticides. A higher level of resistance to DDT was built up in the laboratory by selecting one of the strains for this insecticide. After two laboratory generations the exposure time required to kill or knock down 50% of the flies (LT50) increased from 312 to 1440 minutes in the females, and from 78 to 918 minutes in the males. At the same time the LT50 for females from an unselected strain decreased from 312 to 78 minutes. Because of difficulties in the rearing technic some of the data were based on a low number of flies, and the cultures had to he discontinued after two laboratory generations.