Number Of Hotel Rooms Research Articles

Parametric and non‐parametric measurement of efficiency in hotel industry: A systematic literature review

AbstractThis paper conducts an extensive systematic literature review on the measurement of efficiency in the hotel sector, which is the cornerstone of tourism. Thus, scrutinizing its performance measurement is vital for the advancement and strategic development of the sector. Exploiting the Scopus database, the paper offers a unique methodology for documenting sample transparency and selection objectivity and can constitute an example for future literature reviews. A range of articles is assessed to discern prevailing trends, key authors, and influential journals. A division of parametric and non‐parametric nature, various efficiency measurement methodologies, the input and output variables, geographical covering as well as various other metrics and benchmarks have been included. The study reveals a predominant focus on technical efficiency and commonly employed input variables such as the number of hotel rooms and employees. The paper suggests future research directions, advocating for a broader exploration of efficiency dimensions, including profit and cost aspects, the integration of emerging variables like digitalization and environmental factors and the use of larger samples. This study provides a comprehensive overview beneficial for academics, industry practitioners, and policymakers, synthesizing a clear orientation in the subject and indicating critical research routes for advancing the field's understanding and practical applications.

Peramalan Tingkat Penghunian Kamar Hotel Bintang Lima Provinsi Bali Menggunakan Metode ARIMA dan Fuzzy Time Series Lee

This research focuses on forecasting the Occupancy Rate of five-star hotels in the Province of Bali. The increase in Occupancy Rate directly impacts the increase in the number of hotel rooms, which is a key factor for Bali Province as a leading tourist destination in Indonesia and globally. The data used spans from November 2021 to November 2023, with the methods employed being ARIMA with a model of (1,1,1) and Fuzzy Time Series Lee. After conducting the research, the accuracy of the forecast is evaluated through Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE for ARIMA (1,1,1) is found to be 71.4413, while the Fuzzy Time Series Lee method yields a MAPE of 1.1778. With a significantly lower MAPE, the Fuzzy Time Series Lee method is considered more accurate in forecasting the Occupancy Rate of five-star hotels in the Province of Bali for the December 2023 period, with a forecast result of 70.4033%.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERIMAAN PAJAK HOTEL DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

The regencies/cities in the East Java Province are among the regions that possess diverse and significant potential for tourism and local resources or wealth. This research aims to determine the influence of the number of hotels, the number of tourists, the number of hotel rooms, and economic growth on hotel tax revenue in the regencies/cities of East Java Province. In this study, the chosen method is quantitative method with panel data regression analysis. The research results indicate that the Number of Hotels, Number of Hotel Rooms, and Economic Growth have a positive and significant impact on hotel tax revenue in the Districts/Cities of the East Java Province. Meanwhile, the Number of Tourists does not have a effect on hotel tax revenue in the Districts/Cities of the East Java Province.

Determinants of International Tourist Arrival in Nigeria

This paper examines the effect of economic and non-economic factors on international tourist arrival in Nigeria. Annual data on tourist arrival from 53 countries and explanatory variables from 2010-2016 were analyzed using the dynamic panel data regression technique. Results suggest that travel cost, internet use, political stability and number of hotel rooms are the main determinants of tourist flows. The income of tourist-origin countries outside Africa negatively and significantly affects tourist arrival. Travel cost has a robust negative effect on tourists from within and outside Africa. The number of hotel rooms and urbanization rate positively influence tourist arrival, indicating the importance of tourism infrastructure. Government and policymakers must provide an enabling business environment, infrastructure, and policies to improve the country's global competitiveness.

INTERNET-BASED HOTEL MARKETING STRATEGY IN INDONESIA: EMPIRICAL STUDY WITH VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION MODEL

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine how the Indonesian hotel sector may use the internet as a productive and successful marketing tool. Theoretical Framework: The opportunities offered by the internet include ease of accessing and disseminating information about hotel products and services, the ability to reach a wider and more diverse market, and the opportunity to improve the quality and efficiency of services (Kapoor & Kapoor, 2021). However, the internet also poses challenges, such as increasingly fierce competition, changes in consumer preferences and behavior, and threats to data security and privacy (Bandara, Fernando, & Akter, 2020). Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses secondary data from the World Bank and UNWTO regarding Internet users, Number of hotel rooms, Total guests, and Tourism arrivals from 2000 to 2022. This research applies a vector autoregression (VAR) model with two lags to test the relationship between five time variables. series, namely Total Guests, Tourism Arrivals, Room Rate, Number Of Rooms, and Internet Users. The VAR model was chosen because it has the lowest information criteria values, namely AIC, SC, and HQ, which shows a high fit to the data. Findings: Number of Rooms is the variable that has the most influence on other variables, which indicate the capacity and quality of hotel accommodation. Therefore, hotels are advised to increase the Number Of Rooms in order to attract more tourists and increase revenue. Apart from that, Total Guests, Tourism Arrivals, and Room Rate also have a significant effect on several other variables, which reflect the dynamics of market demand and supply, as well as hotel competitiveness. Therefore, hotels are advised to maintain and improve these variables with appropriate marketing strategies, such as promotions, distribution channels and social networks. Meanwhile, Internet User is the weakest variable in the VAR model, which has a negative relationship with Total Guests, Tourism Arrivals, and Room Rate, which reflects the influence of information technology on consumer behavior. Research, Practical & Social Implications: This research makes a practical contribution by providing solutions for the hotel industry in Indonesia to increase performance and income by utilizing the internet as an effective and efficient marketing medium. Originality/Value: This research provides a theoretical contribution by examining the influence of the internet as an effective and efficient marketing medium for the hotel industry in Indonesia, which is a topic that has rarely been researched before.

Analisis Kontribusi Pendapatan Sektor Pariwisata terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) di Kabupaten Simalungun

This study aims to determine and analyze the contribution of tourism sector revenue to regional gross domestic product in Simalungun Regency. The type of research used is this research, namely qualitative research. Types and sources of data using a qualitative approach with secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of Simalungun Regency. The results showed that the occupancy rate of star hotel rooms and other inns in Simalungun Regency increased to 27.93 percent in 2018. Thereafter it has decreased every year from 2019 to 2021 to 18.02 percent. The number of hotels and other lodgings in Simalungun Regency in 2021 is 74. The number of hotel rooms and other lodgings in Simalungun Regency in 2021 is 1,891 rooms. The number of beds in hotels and other inns in Simalungun Regency in 2021 is 2,859 beds. The average length of stay for foreign guests in 2021 is 1.59 days while domestic guests are 1.14 days.
 Keywords: Simalungun Regency, Accommodation and Hotels

Hotel employees' knowledge of monkeypox's source, symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment in Egypt

BackgroundThe re-emerging human monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a global threat. The rising number of confirmed MPXV cases worldwide is a significant reason for concern. This study aims to investigate (1) hotel employees' knowledge in Egypt of MPXV source, signs/symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment, (2) the primary sources of their information about MPXV, (3) whether or not they received information about MPXV from their hotels, and (4) the differences of employees’ knowledge in terms of gender, age, marital status, level of education, type of contract, professional category, hotel department, type of hotel, seniority in the hotel, and the number of hotel rooms. MethodsUsing a quantitative approach, we collected data from 453 employees in Egyptian hotels via a web-based questionnaire. The survey included questions regarding the MPXV source, signs/symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment, as well as its primary information sources. The questionnaire also included questions regarding participants’ demographics and hotel characteristics. ResultsThe findings indicated that more than half of hotel employees have inadequate knowledge of MPXV. Additionally, the majority of employees selected social media as their primary source of MPXV-related information. Surprisingly, most participants reported that their hotels neglected to provide them with the MPXV's information. Age, marital status, education, professional category, and tenure in the hotel all have a significant impact on their MPXV knowledge level. ConclusionThe current paper presents significant implications for both theory and practice. This study provides government agencies and hotels with guidelines for preventing the outbreak of MPXV. According to our knowledge, this is the first study conducted with hotel employees in the MPXV Egyptian context.

Property Market Analysis of the Hospitality Sector in Central Lombok District

The number of tourists visiting and the number of hotel rooms available in Central Lombok Regency are growing in line with the development of tourism in Central Lombok Regency. To estimate the need for the number of hotel rooms in Central Lombok Regency, it is necessary to research the property market condition of the hotel sector in Central Lombok Regency. This study aims to analyze the property market conditions in the hotel sector in Central Lombok Regency by using the theory of six steps of property market analysis to get the conclusion that the property market conditions in the hotel sector in Central Lombok Regency are in an undersupply or oversupply state. This research is a quantitative study by calculating the level of demand and supply of hotel rooms in Central Lombok Regency based on historical data on the growth of the number of tourists and the number of hotel rooms in Central Lombok Regency.

ГОТЕЛЬНЕ ГОСПОДАРСТВО ЯК СКЛАДОВА ІНДУСТРІЇ ГОСТИННОСТІ КРАЇНИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НІМЕЧЧИНИ)

Dissertation studies of Ukrainian scientists devoted to the development of the hotel industry are considered. Ukrainian researchers pay considerable attention to the issues of the development of the country's hotel industry, its management, improvement of the quality of hotel services, spatial optimization of establishments, etc. A detailed analysis of the hotel industry of the countries of the world has not been found in the works of domestic scientists. The dynamics of the number of overnight stays in tourist facilities in Germany for the period 2018–2022 were considered. It was established that during this period the maximum rate of overnight stays fell on 2019 and amounted to 495.6 million units. A significant decrease in the number of overnight stays (about 40%) occurred in 2020 and 2021, which is due to restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, when there was a ban on accommodation for tourists from November 2020 to December 31, 2021, and for business travelers were allowed to live only if their stay was "absolutely necessary". In 2022, about 450.8 million overnight stays of tourists were recorded in tourist facilities in Germany. This indicator is only 9% less than in 2019, which indicates the active travel of tourists and the restoration of the functioning of accommodation facilities. An analysis of the number of overnight stays made by domestic and foreign tourists for the period 2018–2022 in the country's tourist accommodations was carried out. It was established that the number of nights spent by domestic tourists is higher. An analysis of hotels in Germany by star category was carried out. It was established that the most represented star category among German hotels is three stars, the second place was occupied by four-star hotels. Spatial analysis of the number fund by federal states of Germany was carried out. The leader in the number of hotel rooms is the region of Bavaria (39%), the last position is occupied by the region of Baden-Württemberg (0.1%). The leading cities in terms of number of hotels are highlighted: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Frankfurt. These megacities control one third of the total room stock of the country's hotel market.

The Condition Assessment of Hotel Business Development in Ukraine

Topicality. In this article activities of collective accommodation facilities (CAF) in Ukrainian regions are analysed, in particular, hotel enterprises (accommodation fund). In the hotel market, the competition strengthening between hotels can be observed, that is from the world hotel concerns. Therefore, hotel enterprises are trying to increase their productivity and competitiveness by implementing effective organisation and management methods. Aim and methods. The aim of the article is to analyse activity of CAF, identify problems of effective hotel business functioning in Ukraine. General scientific methods are used in this study: information materials of statistical and reference publications, analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison. Results. Based on official data from the State Statistics Service, it can be mentioned that for the period from 2018 to 2020 the number of similar accommodation facilities decreased from 4719 to 1337 un. Accordingly, the number of places in CAF also decreased from 300 010 to 155 029 un. in 2018–2020. The provided official data show a general decrease in the number of hotel rooms and similar accommodation facilities. A significant decrease in the number of hotels and similar accommodation facilities is observed in 2020 compared to 2018. The segment of five-star hotels has suffered more than four- and three-star ones, due to the sharp drop in the flow of foreign tourists to Ukraine. During 2018–2019, the development of collective accommodation facilities, owned by natural persons-individuals of business entities, has a positive tendency. In 2020, a significant amount of accommodation fund is observed in hotels in Kyiv, as well as in Lvivska, Odeska, Kyivska and Ivano-Frankivska regions. Conclusions and discussions. Thus, the study highlights that the reduced demand for hotel enterprises services in crisis circumstances is the main problem of hotel business development. It is necessary to develop infrastructure, introduce innovation and project support for the hotel enterprises development, implicate investments in the economic sectors progress. In comparison with other real estate sectors, double standards, a significant payback period of hotel enterprises hinder the hotel potential amplification in the country.

СТРУКТУРНО-ДИИНАМІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ГОТЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article examines the structural dynamics of the hotel industry of Ukraine over the past decade and during the global epidemic crisis. Based on statistical data, the following indicators were conducted and analyzed: the share of services provided by hotel enterprises in the service sector, the number of collective accommodation establishments, the structure of hotels and similar and specialized accommodation facilities, the number of rooms in collective accommodation establishments. The essence of the hotel and restaurant enterprises is determined by the synergistic effect of the formation of work for a number of other sectors of the economy, namely: tourism, transport, retail, catering, insurance, culture and art, architecture and design, tour services, advertising industry. The field of tourism is closely connected with the hospitality industry, which has a significant contribution to the development of the state. The geographical position of Ukraine has a positive impact on the development of tourism enterprises and, accordingly, the hotel and restaurant business. Despite this circumstance, the number of hotel rooms per thousand inhabitants in Ukraine is almost eight times lower than in Europe. During the pandemic conditions, the hotel industry suffered significant losses, so its development is important because it forms the tourist image of the country, increases revenues to the state budget and creates new jobs. Ukraine has favorable conditions for the formation of tourism of various kinds (recreational, medical, entertainment, business, etc.), which will increase tourist flows. Therefore, the study of the hotel industry is relevant to meet the needs of consumers and prospects for its development. The aim of the article is to study the structural development of hotel enterprises in the dynamics and determine the state of this development in different regions of Ukraine. The development of hotel enterprises reflects a number of existing problems of this market of services: dynamic changes in external factors that require rapid response; lack of investment; small number of registered and certified enterprises; mostly outdated logistics of hotel enterprises; lack of legislative control over the quality of service; low dynamics of hotel chains development, etc.

Disasters and Domestic Tourist Arrivals in Indonesia in 2013-2017

The tourism sector is the leading sector in Indonesia's economic development in the future. One of the potential demand for Indonesia tourism sector comes from domestic tourist arrivals who show an increasing trend each year. On the other hand, the number of disasters in Indonesia in the last 10 years also showed an increasing trend. Starting from this phenomenon, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of disasters on domestic tourist arrivals in Indonesia. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and panel data with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. In this study, natural disasters were proxied through frequency of disasters and the number of fatalities. The results of the analysis indicate that frequency of disasters and the number of fatalities have a negative effect on the domestic tourist arrivals. However, only the number of fatalities has a statistically significant effect. Economic variables which also have a significant effect on domestic tourist arrivals are GRDP/capita, CPI, population, number of hotel rooms and accessibility. All of these variables have a positive effect on domestic tourist arrivals. Keywords: Disasters, panel data, tourism, domestic tourist JEL Classification code: Z38; O20; R58.

Model Prediksi Kebutuhan Air Berbasis Sistem Dinamik di Kabupaten Mojokerto

Mojokerto is one of the leading regions in East Java Province This of course has consequences for growth in all fields, especially industry and housing. So that it will have an influence either directly or indirectly on the growth of other supporting facilities growth in various fields leads to increased demand for water due to climate change, several springs in Mojokerto district have decreased by 60% from their original condition. This study aims to predict future water needs with the influence of changes in population, the effect of increasing the number of industries and facilities, both commercial and non-commercial using a dynamic system so that it can be used as a basis for water resource management decisions. In analyzing a complex system that works with real conditions, it is very risky and costly, therefore we need a model that can represent the conditions of the existing system. The stages in the research are as follows: 1. Secondary data collection in the study area which includes: Population data, data on the number of public facilities, data on the number of hotel rooms, data on the number of hospital rooms, data on rice fields, data on the number of livestock, data on the area of tourism and data on the number of markets; (2) Data Analysis; (3) System Dynamic Analysis;(4)Simulation of water demand prediction in the study area;(5) Model validation with the structure validation test and the AVE and AME validation tests. The simulation model for the prediction of water demand in Mojekerto Regency based on a dynamic system is declared valid because it has fulfilled the structure test and validation test both AVE and AME From the results of the scenario simulation applied, it was able to save water by 30% for domestic water needs and 92% for non-domestic water needs. It is necessary to make a model to determine the availability of existing water resources so that a model of water resources balance in Mojokerto Regency is compiled.

Acusotherapy as an Innovative Method of Recovery in SPA-technologies of Hospitality Enterprises in Ukraine

The topicality. Natural medical resources ofUkraine are a powerful resource base for the health tourism development. Important components of domestic recreation are coniferous forests, so it is important to study the prospects for the introduction of acusotherapy in the spa industry of hospitality.The purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of using forest plantations for the development of hospitality, analysis of the current state and determine the prospects for the use of acusotherapy in spa-technologies at the hotel industry. Methods, used in the study: system method, comparative and structural analysis.Results. The current state of forests inUkraine and the possibility of their use for health and recreation have been analyzed. It was found that ½ of the total area of forests are suitable for recreational activities, among the plantations of which coniferous trees are characterized by special healing properties. The healing properties of pine needles have been substantiated and the prospects of using acusotherapy as a kind of balneological therapy with the use of coniferous tree products as an innovative direction of development of the spa industry of the hospitality sphere have been characterized. The list of acusotherapy services provided by recreational hotel enterprises for the purpose of additional improvement has been established, and their positive influence on a human body has been proved.Conclusions and discussions. The research showed that the comprehensive implementation of acoustics in spa technologies of hotel enterprises is an urgent task of the service sector, as it will increase their efficiency and meet the need for rehabilitation of a large number of potential visitors, which will increase the number of hotel rooms and create a modern competitive recreational hotel product.

CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM INDUSTRY TO LABOR ABSORPTION IN JAMBI CITY

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the contribution of the number of hotels, the number of hotel rooms and tourists to the absorption of labor. Tourism sector is one of the strategic sectors that must be utilized for tourism development as part of national development, having the aim of, among others, expanding business opportunities and opening jobs. The data used in this study is secondary data. The data was obtained from literature related studies in jambi city such as BPS, Department of Culture and Tourism, Youth and Sports, previous research, and other relevant library materials. Data Analysis Method Tested with multiple linear regression models. Based on the results of the study found that Simultaneously independent variable Number of Hotels (X1), Number of Hotel Rooms (X2) and Tourist Visits (X3) affects the variable Absorption of Labor (Y) with a coefficient of determination of 6.5% which means independent variables Number of Hotels (X1), Number of Hotel Rooms (X2) and Tourist Visits (X3) of 6.5% and the remaining 93.5% are influenced by other variables outside this research. And the Number of Hotels had no significant effect on Labor Absorption with a regression coefficient of 0.141

Skillful Use of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in Leveraging Strategy Success and Holistic BSC-based Hotel Performances

Realizing that enterprise risk management (ERM) is not a straightforward topic or a competence to master, it is important empirical research can find a way to convince the management team to adapt ERM. This research exploits the concept of strategic management, underpinning on a logic that a strategic match of both internal management focus and external environmental condition is crucial for strategy success. Based on the structural equation model (SEM) model tests using Maximum Livelihood (ML) function, it confirms that, as the competitive environment becomes more challenging, the roles of mission clarity and core value communicated to the organizational members, and establishing risk governance system and cultures, become very important and should be aligned. This research extends beyond this fundamental concept, stressing that risk management can function to reduce loss possibility of strategy execution, which leads to SEM confirming ERM as a significant mediator. Besides, this research contributes further to exhibit linkages of both strategy success and ERM to BSC-based performances, which makes the ERM and strategic management more holistic in nature. The accomplishment was based on 215 valid returned participations of the hotels located in Uttaradit and Phitsanulok, Thailand. Besides the theoretical contributions, this research makes use of statistical comparative analyses of many demographic variables (i.e. position, type of job, number of hotel rooms, service types, HR and hotel operations) to offer a rich spectrum of practical implications.

DETERMINAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR PARIWISATA KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

The aims of this study will discuss the determinants of labor absorption, namely the number of tourists, the minimum wage, the number of hotel rooms and the tourism output (PDRB) in West Java. This research uses descriptive and quantitative analysis of the regencies / cities in West Java Province. The scope of this research is as many as 25 districts / cities in West Java with the 2013-2017 period in the form of panel data. The research model used is the Generalized Least Square model. The results of this study indicate that the number of tourists, the minimum wage and the number of hotel rooms have a significant effect on employment in the tourism sector. Local governments in West Java need to carry out promotional activities or market tourism objects in the Regency / City of West Java Province so that tourism demand increases which has an impact on increasing employment in the tourism sector. It is necessary to develop the tourism sector by creating new jobs so that they can absorb human resources around the tourist destination environment. In addition, the government needs to evaluate the district / city minimum wages in West Java in order to meet the standard of decent living needs. The development of minimum wages will affect labor productivity in the tourism and non-tourism sectors.

The THE INFLUENCE OF HOTEL MARKETING MIX ON TOURISTS’ REVISIT INTENTION Case Study at Kumala Pantai Hotel, Seminyak, Bali

Growth in the number of hotel rooms in Bali shows an increasing trend every year. Thus, hotel room number is far higher than the number of tourists visiting Bali. This triggered intense competition in the hotel industry especially in areas with the highest room number growth which are Sanur and Seminyak. Amidst fierce competition, the right marketing program becomes a superior strategy to ensure firm’s viability. This study aims to examine the relationship between marketing strategy in this case marketing mix strategy and tourists’ revisit intention, by conducting a case study in one of the hotels in Seminyak, Kumala Pantai Hotel. Data collection method was a survey method using a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis technique was used to test the effect of independent variables on dependent variable. The results showed that marketing mix consisting of product quality, price, promotion, and location significantly drives tourists’ intention to revisit Kumala Pantai Hotel. Aspects that need to be considered to improve product quality are unique hotel designs, providing necessary and superior quality facilities. In price aspect, hotel management needs to guarantee price affordability, price compatibility with service quality and target segment. In promotion aspect, hotel management needs to design attractive advertisements and be published in the mass media, provide price incentive, and send attractive promotional content to customers’ email. In location aspect, accessibility and the surrounding area play an important role in encouraging tourists’ interest to revisit the hotel.
 
 Keywords: product quality, price, promotion, place, marketing mix, repurchase intention, revisit intention.

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE HOTEL BASE OF THE COUNTRY BY STAR CATEGORIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FRANCE)

Problem Statement and Purpose. Hospitality is one of the components of the tourism industry. The material base, which is intended for accommodation of tourists, occu­pies one of the first places during the formation of tourist infrastructure. Quality of accommodation and adequate service affect the level of travel service. Regional dis­tribution of functioning of the hotel industry on the example of France is the purpose of scientific research.It is based on the use of scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign authors: Malʹsʹkoyi M.P., Velichko V.V., Puzentylo P.R. and others.Data & Methods. The main information and statistical base of the study was the ma­terials of the official website of the French tourism industry, as additional used other travel sites, in order to take into account a more objective picture of the characteristics of French hotels of a certain category. The following research methods are used in the article: 1) descriptive (characteristics of the main features of the hotel base of each of the categories, providing general information on its regional distribution); 2) comparative (comparison and comparison of the quantitative status and qualitative characteristics of hotels in France in terms of both categories and regions); 3) analyt­ical (search for causes and general qualitative assessment of the regional distribution of the studied phenomena and objects); 4) graphic (construction of diagrams for the purpose of visual representation of the received results); 5) cartographic (creation of a visual map of the regional distribution of the hotel base in France by star categories).Results. The state of France's hotel infrastructure has been analyzed by category. The highest class hotels are Palace hotels, which are characterized by an impeccable rep­utation and international recognition (15 units). At the beginning of 2019, there were 517 5 * hotels in the regions of France. The largest number is in the Provence-Alpes- Côte d'Azur region (132 hotels) and the smallest in the Center region - Loire Valley (5 units). The number of hotel rooms is found to be higher in areas where there is a large variety of entertainment or historic sites. It is estimated that among the 509 French 5-star hotels, 306 hotels have their own restaurant. There were 2,877 4-star hotels in France. The region's leader in the number of hotels in this class is the Іle-de-France region, with 544 hotels.In France, there were 8138 three-star hotel establishments. The leader in regions by number of hotels in this category is Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes, with 1,181 hotels. The last position is occupied by the Corsica region – 232 hotels. Within the French re­gions, 4913 two-star hotels were allocated. The leading positions are in three regions: Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes (761 hotels); Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (694 hotels); Languedoc – Roussillon – South – Pyrenees (650 hotels). The smallest number of hotels in this category is in the Corsica region – 111 hotels. There is a significant difference between the numbers of rooms in the regions. 42% of all two-star hotels have restaurants. There were 561 one-star hotels in France. The leader in the number of hotels in this category is the Ile-de-France region – 91 hotels, while the smallest number of one-star hotels is available in the Corsica region, with only 5 hotels. It is revealed that the main number of hotel establishments in the country belongs to the category "without stars", which is explained by the high requirements for accommo­dation establishments, which significantly complicates the process of obtaining an establishment of even one star (37161 hotels without stars).When conducting a regional analysis of the distribution of the entire hotel base in France, and for each category separately, it is impossible to observe certain clear geo­graphical patterns (increase or decrease with ascent to the mountains, approaching the coast or as increasing or decreasing urbanization, etc.). In general, the number of hotels, hotel rooms and restaurants at hotels is distributed throughout the territory according to the situation in France, their concentration generally corresponds to the places of concentration of any kind of tourist and recreational resources.

Investigation on the Efficiency of International Tourism Industry in Sri Lanka: An Application of DEA Production Frontier Approach

This study attempted at evaluating the performance of international tourism industry in Sri Lanka in terms of technical efficiency with the use of nonparametric production frontier approach which is based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). Accordingly, different DEA specifications were employed related to different combinations of outcomes of tourism industry. Official tourism receipts, direct employment generation and foreign guest nights were considered as outputs while number of beds / number of hotel rooms, international tourist arrivals and all items tourist price index was treated as inputs into the different models. Finally, a single model was estimated amalgamating all three different outputs into one model for the sample period. Findings revealed that the tourism industry has been operating inefficiently within the last three decades and have possibilities for further improvements altering the inputs of the industry since DEA efficiency scores are relative measures. It further revealed that investment on construction work such as construction of more hotels is wastage of resources and some strategies should be formulated to increase the room occupancy rate and control inflation on tourism activities in terms of the tourist prices. Marketing or promotional strategies need to be initiated to increase international visitor arrivals as well as average room occupancy rates since the industry is prevailing increasing returns to scale efficiency.