Number Of Files Research Articles

Implementasi Kompresi File MP3 dengan Menerapkan Algoritma Levenstein

MP3 is an audio format that is often used because the data stored in MP3 format resembles the actual data when recorded.Storage space requirements will also rise if you keep a large number of MP3 files. Because of this, MP3 files must be compressed in order to prevent the storage space from filling up too quickly. This is because the compressed data will be lower in size. The Lossless compression method can be used to compress audio. The author uses the Levenstein Algorithm to implement audio compression in MP3 format. Levenstein's algorithm compresses data without any loss. When a file is compressed using lossless compression, the resulting file has the exact same size as the original file upon decompression. The author will be able to assess the effectiveness of MP3 file compression by using the Levenstein Algorithm to compress MP3 files. This will allow for faster transmission times and less data storage space consumption because the compressed MP3 file will shrink from its initial large size. After compression, the MP3 file's size—which was originally 128 bits—was reduced to 104 bits, yielding an 81.25% compression ratio. The purpose of this computation is to determine whether the compressed files are similar enough to be either decompressed or restored to their original size.

A blockchain-based DAC distributed access control model

Access control systems allow organizations to control user access to their resources with high reliability and availability. Blockchain technology can help in this case. However, when it comes to storing access control data, especially the matrix that defines user rights to files (DAC model) may be too large to be handled by blockchain as is. Thus, a decentralized access control model that results in a small amount of data storage on the blockchain can be beneficial in terms of the reliability of blockchain networks while allowing it to scale by adding large numbers of users and files. We present access control DAC model which uses a Merkle tree to store data, minimizes the storage size on the blockchain. This solution can be used with a variety of file storage systems, regardless of the used file storage technology. The proposed approach suggests additionally caching some requests to increase scaling. The proposed model was tested on 500 objects in a distributed environment.

XAI-PDF: A Robust Framework for Malicious PDF Detection Leveraging SHAP-Based Feature Engineering

With the increasing number of malicious PDF files used for cyberattacks, it is essential to develop efficient and accurate classifiers to detect and prevent these threats. Machine Learning (ML) models have successfully detected malicious PDF files. This paper presents XAI-PDF, an efficient system for malicious PDF detection designed to enhance accuracy and minimize decision-making time on a modern dataset, the Evasive-PDFMal2022 dataset. The proposed method optimizes malicious PDF classifier performance by employing feature engineering guided by Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP). Particularly, the model development approach comprises four phases: data preparation, model building, explainability of the models, and derived features. Utilizing the interpretability of SHAP values, crucial features are identified, and new ones are generated, resulting in an improved classification model that showcases the effectiveness of interpretable AI techniques in enhancing model performance. Various interpretable ML models were implemented, with the Lightweight Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) outperforming other classifiers. The Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) global surrogate model generated explanations for LGBM predictions. Experimental comparisons of XAI-PDF with baseline methods revealed its superiority in achieving higher accuracy, precision, and F1-scores with minimal False Positive (FP) and False Negative (FN) rates (99.9%, 100%, 99.89%,0.000, and 0.002, respectively). Additionally, XAI-PDF requires only 1.36 milliseconds per record for predictions, demonstrating increased resilience in detecting evasive malicious PDF files compared to state-of-the-art methods

A MATLAB virtual laboratory to support learning of auto-tuning PID approaches

This paper presents a small number of MATLAB APPs and livescript files designed to help students both understand and implement PID tuning. The paper presents the thinking behind the use of MATLAB and the topic itself before then describing the proposed resources in detail. The resources split into files with detailed mathematical and coding background students can use for self-study and assignments, and a virtual laboratory which is more intuitive and interactive and useful for familiarisation with core concepts. The files were recently added to the control101 toolbox (Rossiter, 2023).

Predicting Resource Utilization Trends with Southern California Petabyte Scale Cache

Large community of high-energy physicists share their data all around world making it necessary to ship a large number of files over wide- area networks. Regional disk caches such as the Southern California Petabyte Scale Cache have been deployed to reduce the data access latency. We observe that about 94% of the requested data volume were served from this cache, without remote transfers, between Sep. 2022 and July 2023. In this paper, we show the predictability of the resource utilization by exploring the trends of recent cache usage. The time series based prediction is made with a machine learning approach and the prediction errors are small relative to the variation in the input data. This work would help understanding the characteristics of the resource utilization and plan for additional deployments of caches in the future.

ПОКАДРОВАЯ АНИМАЦИЯ В ОБУЧЕНИИ НАЧЕРТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ГЕОМЕТРИИ

The paper presents using of frame-by-frame animation of geometric constructions in the course "Descriptive Geometry" to present educational graphic material in a more accessible and visual form for students.
 Electronic support of descriptive geometry classes used at the Department of Engineering Graphics at Bauman Moscow State Technical University made in the technique of frame-by-frame animation in the format of presentations and electronic text publications is presented.
 The technique of creating frame-by-frame animation is described. Geometric constructions are performed using computer graphics systems, in layers; each layer contains one step of construction. When layers are showed on alternately, a number of graphic files are created, which are inserted in a certain sequence on presentation slides or on the pages of an electronic text publication. During the demonstration, a visualization of the course of geometric constructions is created on the screen.
 Teachers when giving lectures and practical classes use electronic support of classes, made in the format of presentations to demonstrate the course material on the screen in the classroom. The presentations contain graphic material in the technique of frame-by-frame animation and minimal text material; the teacher gives the necessary explanations.
 Electronic support of classes, made in the form of an electronic educational visual aid, is used for independent work of students. Unlike classroom presentations, in an electronic educational visual aid, the animation of geometric constructions is accompanied by a text step-by-step description of the sequence of solving geometric problems.
 The main advantage of using electronic training software made in frame-by-frame animation technology compared to traditional software is the visibility and the ability to consistently, step by step, understanding the course of graphic constructions, with the ability to go back and repeat the sequence at any stage.

Why Can’t I just use Dropbox? A comparison of cloud file storage platforms used for research

Objective: Many researchers use cloud file storage platforms such as Box and Google Drive as the sole data management platform for all of their research data throughout the course of their projects. Researchers have lost access to their preferred platforms due to changes in licensing agreements and cost to their institutions, leaving researchers to figure out a new system on their own. This paper describes differences between these platforms that affect research data workflows. Methods: We selected four commonly used cloud file storage vendors (Box, Dropbox, Google Drive, and Microsoft SharePoint/OneDrive) to assess. The authors read public user documentation for the platforms and identified several differences, such as maximum file size, that could affect research data workflows. For each difference, we recorded the specifics of each platform then narrowed the scope to features that vary across the platforms. Results: We identified three areas where cloud platforms differed in ways that affect data management: data stewardship, storage capacity, and file organization. Data stewardship is affected by variations in the platforms’ approaches to individual vs. group ownership of files and how user roles are defined and assigned. The platforms also differ in limits on total capacity, individual file size, total number of files, and the amount of data that can be moved in and out of the platform. Some of these limits vary by access method (e.g. API vs web interfaces). Finally many differences affect how data can be organized, such as number of files per folder, synchronization, and file sharing restrictions. Conclusions: Some research data workflows may be negatively affected by moving between cloud file storage platforms. Researchers will need assistance identifying differences between the platforms and modifying disrupted data workflows. 

Düşük Kapsamlı WGS Verileri Kullanılarak Hızlı ve Yüksek Doğruluklu Guppy Baz Çağırma Modellerinin Varyant Çağırma Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Long-read sequencing technologies such as Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) enabled researchers to sequence long reads fast and cost-effectively. ONT sequencing uses nanopores integrated into semiconductor surfaces and sequences the genomic materials using changes in current across the surface as each nucleotide passes through the nanopore. The default output of ONT sequencers is in FAST5 format. The first and one of the most important steps of ONT data analysis is the conversion of FAST5 files to FASTQ files using “base caller” tools. Generally, base caller tools pre-trained deep learning models to transform electrical signals into reads. Guppy, the most commonly used base caller, uses 2 main model types, fast and high accuracy. Since the computation duration is significantly different between these two models, the effect of models on the variant calling process has not been fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different models on performance on variant calling.
 In this study, 15 low-coverage long-read sequencing results coming from different flow cells of NA12878 (gold standard data) were used to compare the variant calling results of Guppy. 
 Obtained results indicated that the number of output FASTQ files, read counts and average read lengths between fast and high accuracy models are not statistically significant while pass/fail ratios of the base called datasets are significantly higher in high accuracy models. Results also indicated that the difference in pass/fail ratios arises in a significant difference in the number of called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (InDels). Interestingly the true positive rates of SNPs are not significantly different. These results show that using fast models for SNP calling does not affect the true positive rates statistically. The primary observation in this study, using fast models does not decrease the true positive rate but decreases the called variants that arise due to altered pass/fail ratios. Also, it is not advised to use fast models for InDel calling while both the number of InDels and true positive rates are significantly lower in fast models.
 This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first study that evaluates the effect of different base calling models of Guppy, one of the most common and ONT-supported base callers, on variant calling.

Study of Maternal Near Miss by Near Miss: Mortality Ratio, Exploring Quality of Care

Introduction: Near Miss being a proxy indicator of MMR, evaluation of facility services and Near Missnumbers was carried out in a teaching hospital in Central India. Sustainable Development Goal targetsMMR less than 70 by year 2030. This study aims to report and evaluate causal factors of maternal nearmiss ratio, maternal death ratio as it is a sensitive indicator of medical care given by the facility. Criticalcare services were quantified in this study.Methods: 4422 number of delivery files occurring over a period of 3 years were included in aretrospective manner. Maternal deaths were 21, Near Miss 170 and live births 4237. Variables studiedwere Maternal near miss ratio, Maternal near miss mortality ratio, mortality index and final diagnosisof each patient. The number of blood components, urgent surgery, ventilator, ICU stay, dialysis andnumber of fourth-generation antibiotics were studied for calculating risk factors against variousdiagnoses. Bi-variate analysis and percents were statistical tools used.Results: Maternal near miss ratio was 40.12, the maternal near miss mortality ratio 8.09:1, and mortalityindex 10.99%. The findings included 85.3% blood transfusion use, 61.8% surgical intervention, 38.2%inotrope, 32.4% ventilator, 96% ICU and 96% fourth generation antibiotic use. Odds for comparisonof services given for various different etiological conditions with respect to MNM ratio and MNMMortalityratio was statistically significant for our data; giving a positive and better ranking to servicesin this Institute.Conclusion: The maternal near-miss ratio of 40.12, Mortality index of 10.99% and MNM – Mortalityratio 8:1 are the major findings of this study.Odds for comparative statements between other reportsand others showed statistical significance.

LIKE FATHER, LIKE DAUGHTER . . . OR LIKE MOTHER, LIKE DAUGHTER? Parental Models of Women Students at France’s Fourth Largest Engineering College (UTBM) in 1985–2016

This article analyses the feminisation of the student population of the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM) from its foundation to 2016. It positions the case of UTBM in the French landscape of engineering schools, but also in the academic discussions of the causes of the over-selection of girls (paternal or maternal transmission, other explanatory model). Thanks to the large number of files used (N = 14,243), a comparison of French, Chinese, and Moroccan students of UTBM makes it possible to identify national models of choice and transmission between parents and their children. For French students, paternal model is more influential, nevertheless the maternal model seems to determine with greater influence the choice of girls, in spite of the small number of mothers who are engineers.

Factors Affecting Medical Records Management in Karakah Health Center Padang

Medical records are an administration system that starts from recording while the patient is receiving medical services, followed by handling medical record files which includes organizing storage and removing files from storage to serve requests/borrowing from patients or for other purposes. All health service facilities are required to maintain medical records, including community health centers (Puskesmas). Based on initial data collection observations, it was found that medical record management was still carried out manually, for the information system the government still used the BPJS system. The health center is still relatively new, so several problems are still found regarding the administration of medical records, one of which is numbering medical records, storage that is not yet ideal, unclear policies regarding standard operational procedures and a shortage of medical record officers. Currently the puskesmas only has one medical records officer who holds a D3 RM degree, the rest are assisted by officers who have high school/equivalent qualifications. This research was carried out from March to May 2023. The results of the research state that the storage of medical record files at the Parak Karakah Health Center is still not optimal and needs to be improved. Judging from the human resource elements which are still insufficient, the management of medical records has not been carried out well. The large number of files found that do not have folders is also a concern for the future. Storage carried out using a decentralized method is considered not optimal in community health centers because it creates separate medical record files. Ideally, storage in community health centers is carried out using a centralized system because it only accepts outpatients. Keywords: Medical record, Management, Health Center, Factors

Unintended Consequences of End‐of‐Year Rush Toward Innovation: Evidence from Patent Application Filings*

AbstractThis study employs novel data on patents filed in Korea to investigate whether there is an end‐of‐year rush phenomenon for innovation. Our findings indicate that patent applications tend to be concentrated in the second half of the year more than in the first half of the year, and the number of application filings gradually increases toward the end of the year. We also examine the quality of patents and find that applications filed near the end of the year are more likely to be low‐quality innovations. Firms in our sample that filed more patent applications in the second half of the year engaged in incremental innovation, which entails the exploitation of existing knowledge or research areas rather than the exploration of new knowledge in new areas. Furthermore, our study reveals that this end‐of‐year rush on innovation is more prevalent among firms with high free cash flow and among firms belonging to business groups. Our findings demonstrate that the end‐of‐year rush has unintended consequences for innovation.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN SELEKSI CALON KARYAWAN BARU MENGGUNAKAN METODE ADDITIVE RATIO ASSESSMENT (ARAS) (STUDI KASUS : PT. MEDIA FORUM NUSANTARA)

Employees are one of the supporting factors for a company, because by having qualified employees, in accordance with the qualifications, and criteria needed by the company, then the company can develop and move forward in the future. No exception PT. Media Forum Nusantara is currently in need of new employees who are suitable to work in the company. But PT. Media Forum Nusantara is faced with a problem where there are many prospective employees who take the selection test, it will cause the number of incoming files to be adjusted to the criteria owned by the company and requires a lot of time. Making it prone to file errors. To minimize the occurrence of errors and the length of time used, a Decision Support System was made to determine the best prospective employees who will work in the company. Decision Support System method used is Additive Ratio Asssessment (ARAS)

The Effect of State Housing Policies on Eviction Filings and Judgments in the United States, 2001–2018

Housing instability is a significant problem in the United States, with a long literature documenting its impact on the social well-being of Americans. A relatively new line of research has illuminated the degree to which eviction is a substantial contributor to health risks, including “deaths of despair” from alcohol or drug-related accidental poisonings. Although eviction is a persistent threat in the United States, there is comparatively less research that is both longitudinal and that evaluates multiple policies simultaneously to guide decision makers about which policies are more or less effective at lowering eviction activity. In this study we test the association between housing policies and eviction processes for a large proportion of U.S. counties from 2001 to 2018 using a panel of state-level landlord–tenant laws and a panel of local housing-specific investments by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. We find evidence that some state and local policies are effective at reducing the number of eviction filings and the incidence of multiple filings to the same household, although there is less evidence that actual eviction judgments can be mitigated with these policies.

The application of conditional release before the term - reaction to the criminal phenomenon

Conditional release from punishment before the term is an alternative to detention for the convicted person, if he is flexible to follow the path of correction and re-education, thus being examined in this sense by the employees of the penitentiary institution in whose custody the convict is held , before going to court. This existing extrajudicial way and the grounds for conditional release, are beneficial both for making a qualification in the sense of meeting the conditions for the possible conditional release of the convicted and, considering the predominant volume in the increase in the number of files brought to the table in the cases concerning detainees in the courts of national judgment, an easing of the judge’s work. At the same time, the preliminary examination of the convict’s personality should be carried out from the beginning of the execution of the custodial sentence, in order not to admit the proposal for the conditional release of the sentence before the term of a convict who in fact does not meet the conditions provided by the law.

Impact of an in-consult patient decision aid on treatment choices and outcomes of management for patients with an endoscopically resected malignant colorectal polyp: a study protocol for a non-randomised clinical phase II study

IntroductionManagement of an endoscopically resected malignant colorectal polyps can be challenging due to the risk of residual tumour and lymphatic spread. International studies have shown, that of those choosing surgical...

Patent bibliometrics in spinal deformity: the first bibliometric analysis of spinal deformity's technological literature.

Bibliometric analyses have gained popularity for studying scientific literature, but their application to evaluate technological literature (patents) remains unexplored. We conducted a bibliometric analysis on the top 100 most-cited patents in scoliosis surgery. Multiple databases were queried using The Lens to identify the top 100 scoliosis surgery patents, which were selected based on forward patent citations. These patents were then categorized into 8 groups based on technological descriptors and assessed based on various factors including earliest priority date, year issued, and expiration status. The top 100 most-cited patents included technology underlying anterolateral tethering and distraction systems (n = 11), posterior tethering and distraction systems (n = 23), posterior segmental bone anchor and rod engagement systems (n = 29), interbody devices (n = 10), biological and electrophysiological agents for scoliosis treatment and/or improved arthrodesis (n = 8), intraoperative arthroplasty devices (n = 5), orthotic devices (n = 12), and implantable devices for non-invasive, postoperative alterations of skeletal alignment (n = 2). Seventy-five patents were expired, 21 are still active, and 4 were listed as inactive. The late 1970s and early 2000s saw increased numbers of patent filings. Demonstrated trends showed no meaningful correlation between patent rank and earliest priority date (linear trendline y = 0.2648x - 477.27; R2 = 0.0114), while a very strong correlation was found between patent rank and citations per year (power trendline y = 118.82x--0.83; R2 = 0.8983). Patent bibliometric analyses in the field of spinal deformity surgery provide a means to assess past advancements, better understand what it takes to make a difference in the field, and to potentially facilitate the development of innovative technologies in the future. The method described is a reliable and reproducible technique for evaluating technological literature in our field.

Evaluation of perfusion parameters of gingival inflammation using laser Doppler flowmetry and tissue spectrophotometry– a prospective comparative clinical study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the values of different perfusion parameters- such as oxygen saturation, the relative amount of hemoglobin, and blood flow- in healthy subjects compared to patients with gingivitis as a non-invasive measurement method.MethodsA total of 114 subjects were enrolled in this study and separated into subjects with gingivitis (50) and without gingivitis (64) based on clinical examination. Gingival perfusion was measured at 22 points in the maxilla and mandible using laser Doppler flowmetry and tissue spectrophotometry (LDF-TS) with the “oxygen to see” device. All patients underwent measurement of gingival perfusion, followed by the clinical evaluation (measurement of probing depths, evaluation of bleeding on probing, plaque level, and biotype). Perfusion parameters were compared between the groups, associations between the non-invasive and clinical measurements were analyzed, and theoretical optimal cut-off values for predicting gingivitis were calculated with receiver operating characteristics.ResultsThe mean oxygen saturation, mean relative amount of hemoglobin, and mean blood flow all significantly differed between the groups with and without gingivitis (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The cut-off value for predicting gingivitis was > 40 AU (p < 0.001; sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.67).ConclusionsAs a non-invasive method, LDF-TS can help determine gingival hyperemia. Flow values above 40 AU indicate a higher risk of hyperemia, which can be associated with inflammation. The LDF-TS method can be used for the objective evaluation of perfusion parameters during routine examinations and can signal the progression of hyperperfusion before any change in clinical parameters is observed.Trial registrationAll procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the institutional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Ethik-Kommission der Medizinischen Fakultät der RWTH Aachen, Decision Number 286/20) and retrospectively registered by the German Clinical Trials Register (File Number DRKS00024048, registered on the 15th of October 2021).

PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN PUSTAKA TERSTUKTUR

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This study aims to examine more deeply about agricultural development. This study uses the systematic literature review method, articles taken from the publications of various publishers using the SCOPUS database and given restrictions on the year of publication only for the last two years or the same as from 2019 to 2021. From the results of this search resulted in 233 views of relevant articles. With this research topic, this figure is obtained from the number of files (.ris) that are exported to Mendeley software. This study explains that agricultural development is currently an integral part of the general public. In agricultural development, it is not only a process or activity of agricultural production but also something that can produce social changes from the scope of values, norms, behavior, institutions, social and so on in order to achieve better economic growth and improve the welfare of farmers and society to become more and more. The limitations of this study are examples of articles presented that differ from the existing conditions in each country so that there is a need for a critical understanding of the government system in the examples of articles that are used as references besides that there needs to be special considerations in determining equations and new findings from articles that are used as reference material to develop the main idea in accordance with the selected topic and title so that the next research needs to understand the main points of the topics that are in accordance with the title and focus on research by adjusting to new things that are to be sought and can be adjusted to the title that is raised.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Predicting the Change Impact of Resolving Defects by Leveraging the Topics of Issue Reports in Open Source Software Systems

Upon receiving a new issue report, practitioners start by investigating the defect type, the potential fixing effort needed to resolve the defect and the change impact. Moreover, issue reports contain valuable information, such as, the title, description and severity, and researchers leverage the topics of issue reports as a collective metric portraying similar characteristics of a defect. Nonetheless, none of the existing studies leverage the defect topic, i.e., a semantic cluster of defects of the same nature, such as Performance, GUI, and Database , to estimate the change impact that represents the amount of change needed in terms of code churn and the number of files changed. To this end, in this article, we conduct an empirical study on 298,548 issue reports belonging to three large-scale open-source systems, i.e., Mozilla, Apache, and Eclipse, to estimate the change impact in terms of code churn or the number of files changed while leveraging the topics of issue reports. First, we adopt the Embedded Topic Model (ETM), a state-of-the-art topic modelling algorithm, to identify the topics. Second, we investigate the feasibility of predicting the change impact using the identified topics and other information extracted from the issue reports by building eight prediction models that classify issue reports requiring small or large change impact along two dimensions, i.e., the code churn size and the number of files changed. Our results suggest that XGBoost is the best-performing algorithm for predicting the change impact, with an AUC of 0.84, 0.76, and 0.73 for the code churn and 0.82, 0.71, and 0.73 for the number of files changed metric for Mozilla, Apache, and Eclipse, respectively. Our results also demonstrate that the topics of issue reports improve the recall of the prediction model by up to 45%.