Number Of Female Flowers Research Articles

Performance of Different Varieties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition

Eight cucumber varieties were evaluated at SHUATS, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh, in randomized block design with three replications during summer season-2022 for growth, yield and fruit quality traits. The variety AGRI GREEN gave maximum mean value for maximum vine length (217.33cm), number of primary branches (5.67), number of nodes per plant (39.10), Days to first female flower appearance and node to first female flower appearance were minimum and that was about (50.76) and (4.33) respectively, fruit length and weight with (15.83cm) and (126.00gm) respectively), node number at which first female flower appears (4.33), number of female flowers per Plant (16.37), fruit yield/ha (164.10 q/ha), number of fruits per plant (13.30), TSS (4.20 oBrix), was observed in same variety. The maximum fruit diameter was found in SS-100 (45.50 mm). AGRI GREEN was found superior based on overall performance in terms of growth, yield, and quality parameters. The study revealed that, these varieties of cucumber provide high benefit to the farmers through easy cultivation, better stress tolerance, diseases resistance and higher yields.

The Use of High-Quality Watermelon Seedlings Is Prerequisite to Limit the Transplanting Shock and Achieve Yield Earliness

One of the most important crops of the Mediterranean, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), is almost exclusively established through seedlings. For many years, agronomists, nurseries, and farmers have aimed to produce and use high-quality seedlings for better growth in the field. However, seedling quality has not been examined as to what defines the subsequent plant, flower, and fruit development, and to what extent. Our aim was to test whether different seedling qualities labeled as “Optimum”, “Acceptable”, or “Not Acceptable” for cultivation actually perform variably in terms of vegetative, flowering, and fruit development, as well as fruit quality after a full growing cycle in the field. Vegetative growth (stem diameter, plant area, and leaf number) was evaluated until flowering and was enhanced for Optimum plants. The flowering of Not Acceptable plants started two days later, while Optimum plants retained a greater number of female flowers throughout the two-week blooming evaluation. Most importantly, Optimum plants developed mature fruits four and six days faster than the Acceptable and Not Acceptable ones, respectively, showing considerable yield earliness. The photosynthetic mechanism, as well as fruit morphology and phytochemical content, were not affected by quality categories. Overall, indeed it is important to use high-quality seedlings to achieve yield earliness of watermelon fruits.

The effect of sex phytoregulators on cucumber productivity

Relevance. Gender phytoregulators occupy an important place in the seed production of parental forms of cucumber, they allow you to shift the sex of the plant in the right direction, increase the intensity of selection, obtain purely female lines, and increase the efficiency of hybrid seed production.Results. The paper presents the regulations for the use of Esfon on the breeding line ZhL 24, which is the mother form of the hybrid Rich garden F1. To obtain the maximum number of female flowers, without significant inhibition of vegetative growth, it is necessary to treat vegetative plants three times with an interval of 5 days, starting from the phase of the second true leaf, with a solution of Esfon (BP. 65%) at a concentration of 0.03% (300 mg/l) with the purpose of preventing closely related crosses and increasing the hybridity of seeds. This technique stimulates the earlier development of pistillate flowers, minimizes the formation of male flowering, increases the number of fruits per plant, their size and weight, which allows increasing the yield per unit area by 40%.

Performance of Bottle Gourd Hybrids for Growth, Yield and Quality under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Conditions

An experiment entitled “Performance of Bottle Gourd Hybrids for Growth, Yield and Quality under Prayagraj Agro-climatic conditions” was conducted during February to May. 2022, in field of Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The results of the present investigation, regarding the performance of 09 hybrid genotypes of Bottle Gourd i.e. (AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-1, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-2, AVTII 2019/BOGHYB-3, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-4, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-5, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-6, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-7, SARITA (check hybrid) and ARMAN (check hybrid)) obtained from different sources evaluated for plant growth, yield and quality have been discussed and interpreted in the light of previous research work done in India. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design, where each replicated thrice. From the present experimental finding it was found that hybrid SARITA is with the maximum number of female flowers (17.7), number of fruits/plant (12.70 fruits), average yield per plant (10.57 kg/plant), yield per hectare (469.88 q/ha). TSS (3.2 °B) The highest cost benefit ratio (3.7) was found for bottle gourd in hybrid SARITA under Prayagraj Agro-climatic condition.

Analisis Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit pada Variasi Kerapatan Tanam

In oil palm growth, planting density has a sustainable impact on its productivity. To enhance the long-term growth and production yield of oil palm, it is crucial to consider the establishment of appropriate planting densities during the initial planting phase. This research explores the relationship between planting density and productivity, highlighting the importance of determining optimal plant densities for optimal yields. The study was conducted at the Muara Tawang Estate (MTNE) in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Two blocks of oil palm land with three different planting densities (130, 136, and 143 plants per hectare) were observed to understand the relationship between planting density and agronomic characteristics. Measurements were taken on plant height, frond length, petiole width, number of male and female flowers, and sex ratio. The analysis unveiled consistent trends in oil palm production, which varied based on planting density. Planting densities of 130 and 136 showed superior production trends compared to 143, with 136 demonstrating production increases ranging from 19.8% to 29.8% relative to density 143, alongside enhancements in plant height and frond length by 4.6% and 5.4%, respectively. Additionally, petiole thickness and width were notably lower in density 143, experiencing reductions of 8.0% and 11.0%, respectively, compared to density 136, while the sex ratio exhibited a similar pattern, declining by 34.0% in density 143 compared to 136. This highlights the importance of determining appropriate planting densities to enhance oil palm productivity.

Cloning and Functional Analysis of the VfRR17 Gene from tung tree (Vernicia fordii).

Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is one of the four major woody oilseed species in China. However, its fruit yield is severely hampered by the low number of female flowers and the imbalanced male-to-female flower ratio, which is a problem that restricts the development of the oilseed industry. Previous research has demonstrated that the exogenous application of cytokinins can significantly augment the number of female flowers, although the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive. To elucidate the involvement of VfRR17, a member of the A-type ARRs family, in the exogenous cytokinin regulation of flower sexual differentiation in tung tree, this study conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and evolutionary relationships of the protein encoded by VfRR17. Additionally, gene function analysis was performed using subcellular localization, qRT-PCR, and genetic transformation techniques. The findings revealed that the VfRR17 gene's coding region spanned 471 bp, encoding an unstable protein of 156 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 17.4 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a higher similarity between VfRR17 of the tung tree and the RR17 gene of Jatropha curcas, Ricinus communis, Hevea brasiliensis, and other species within the Euphorbiaceae family compared to other species, with the greatest similarity of 86% observed with the RR17 gene of Jatropha curcas. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that VfRR17 exhibited high expression levels during the early stage of tung tree inflorescence buds following 6-BA treatment, peaking at 24 h and displaying a 3.47-fold increase compared to that at 0 h. In female and male flowers of the tung tree, the expression in female flowers during the 1 DBF period was significantly higher than in male flowers, exhibiting a difference of approximately 47.91-fold. Furthermore, notable differential expression was observed in the root, leaf, and petiole segments of the tung tree under low-temperature stress at the 12-h time point. In transgenic Arabidopsis, the VfRR17 lines and wild-type lines exhibited significantly different flowering times under an exogenous 6-BA treatment at a concentration of 2 mg/L, with the VfRR17 lines experiencing an 11-day delay compared to the wild-type lines. Additionally, the number of fruit pods in VfRR17 transgenic Arabidopsis lines was significantly reduced by 28 compared to the wild-type lines at a 6-BA concentration of 3 mg/L. These findings suggest that VfRR17 likely plays a critical role in regulating flower development in response to exogenous 6-BA, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying exogenous 6-BA-mediated regulation of female flower development in the tung tree.

Influence of 3G Cuttings in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) for Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality

The field experiment entitled “Influence of 3G cutting in Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) for growth, yield and fruit quality” was conducted during kharif 2022 at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments including control which were replicated thrice. The experiment results revealed that the treatment T1 (Primary branch cutting 25% of the length + secondary branch cutting 25% of the length) gave better results than other treatments viz, maximum number of female flowers (27.65), vine length (6.91m), number of fruits per plant (6.66), yield per plot (5.95 kg), yield per hectare (29.74 t/ha), TSS (3.60oBrix) and B:C ratio (3.6) were recorded significantly higher compared to other treatments.

Performance of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.) Genotypes for Yield and Quality under Climatic Conditions of Prayagraj

An experiment on the “Performance of Bottle Gourd Genotypes i.e. (AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-1, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-2, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-3, AVT-II/2019/BOGVA-4, AVT-II/2019/BOGVA-5, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-6 RITURAJ (CHECK), GREENINDIA (CHECK), NATIONAL AGRO (CHECK), SHANKAR (CHECK) for yield and quality under climatic conditions of prayagraj” was conducted during February to May, 2022, in field of Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design, with three replications. The genotype AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-6 recorded maximum number of female flowers (15.66), number of fruits/plant (8.88 fruits), average yield per plant (5.71 kg/plant), yield per hectare (342.44 q/ha).

Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis in Segregating Population of Mangalore Melon (Cucucmis melo var. acidulus) Derived from the Inter-Varietal Cross MS 78 x RNMS-1

Correlation and path coefficients analysis can help to assess the mutual relationship between various plant characters and determines component characters on which selection can be based or improvement in yield. 260 Mangalore melon vines were evaluated for yield contributing characters to observe their associations, direct and indirect effect on fruit yield per vine at College of Horticulture, Bagalkot during summer 2021-2022. The study revealed that fruit yield per plant had significant positive correlation number of female flowers, fruit length, fruit width, number of fruits per vine, fruit weight, flesh thickness, seed cavity width and seed cavity length which are important characters to be accounted for gaining improvement in yield. Path analysis revealed that fruit weight exhibited highest positive direct effect on fruit yield per vine followed by flesh thickness, number of fruits per vine, seed cavity length and so on.

Divergence Analysis of Bitter Gourd Genotypes for Yield and Yield Attributes

Genetic divergence for yield and yield attributes were evaluated in 33 bitter gourd genotypes for 17 characters. Characters such as, days to first male flower appearance, days to first female flower appearance, node of first male flower appearance, node of first female flower appearance, number of male flowers per vine, number of female flowers per vine, days to first harvest, number of harvests, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), individual fruit weight (g), vine length (cm), number of primary branches per vine, number of fruits per vine, sex ratio, number of seeds per fruit and yield of fruits per vine (g) were used for analysing the divergence among the genotypes. Genotypes were grouped into five clusters using D2 statistics, and a dendrogram was created using Ward's approach. Out of the five clusters, cluster I was the largest comprising of 14 genotypes. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and cluster V, hence diverse parents for hybridization can be selected from these two clusters.

Advance in sex differentiation in cucumber.

Cucumber belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae (melon genus) and is an annual herbaceous vegetable crop. Cucumber is an important cash crop that is grown all over the world. From morphology to cytology, from canonical genetics to molecular biology, researchers have performed much research on sex differentiation and its regulatory mechanism in cucumber, mainly in terms of cucumber sex determination genes, environmental conditions, and the effects of plant hormones, revealing its genetic basis to improve the number of female flowers in cucumber, thus greatly improving the yield of cucumber. This paper reviews the research progress of sex differentiation in cucumber in recent years, mainly focusing on sex-determining genes, environmental conditions, and the influence of phytohormones in cucumber, and provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the realization of high and stable yield cultivation and molecular breeding of cucumber crop traits.

Effects of 6-Benzyladenine with Silver Thiosulfate on Growth Traits and Flowering Induction in Cassava

Cassava flowering characteristics are important for breeding program in order to operate the preferred crossing along with the plan. Therefore, this research aims to assess cassava response to growth and flowering traits when it was induced by spraying 6-benzyladenine (BA) at different concentrations along with silver thiosulfate (STS). The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications was planned by using Huay-bong 80 as a commercial variety that was sprayed with BA at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0 1.5 and 2.0 mM with 2.0 mM STS concentrations. The data from growth traits which consisted of the plant height, the 1st branching height, and the 1st branching ratio to plant height were recorded after planting for 2-8 months. The data from flowering traits which consisted of the number of female flowers, the number of male flowers and the number of bunches per plant were recorded after planting for 5-8 months. The results showed that BA at different concentrations did not affect the growth traits of Huay-bong 80. There was no statistically significant difference in all traits of every month studied. For the flowering traits of Huay-bong 80, BA at different concentrations led to the statistically significant differences (P<0.01) in the number of female flowers, the number of male flowers and the number of bunches per plant. When the cassava was 7 months old after planting as well as the number of male flowers and the number of bunches per plant. Spraying 1.0 millimolar BA in combination with STS resulted in the greatest effect. Although the concentration of BA resulted in statistically significant difference in the flowering traits of cassava in some months studied, it did not affect the number of flowers sufficient for using in the cassava breeding program.

3G Cutting: An Innovative Tool in Cucurbitaceous Crops to Boost the Production and Doubling the Income of Small Farmers in a Per Unit Area

3G cutting is one of the most popular and successful inter-culture operations in cucurbitaceous crops like; bottle gourd, cucumber, pumpkin, sponge gourd, bitter gourd, etc. as well as in plants like tomato, eggplant, chilli, and lady’s finger for a small patch of land. Low fruit set is an emerging constraint in cucurbits, and when it does, extremely small-sized fruits develop and degrade the mother plant. This is the main problem that farmers are currently facing. This problem arises due to a rapid decrease in beneficial insects and other pollinators as a result of the haphazard use of foliar fertilizers and chemical pesticides. 3G cutting is a scientific process to get higher production from plants by increasing the number of female flowers in the plant by adopting practices like trimming and pruning of 1st and 2nd generation branches. Generally, 1G and 2G branches have more no. of male flowers than female (approximately in the ratio of 14:1) whereas this ratio is reduced to 1:2 in 3G branches. We are all known that fruits develop from female flowers, while one male flower can pollinate several female flowers. However, this does not imply that there is no need for male flowers. Male flowers are necessary for pollination. Thus, 3G cutting is the finest scientific practice for farmers to maximize the number of female flowers and fruit yield.

Influence of brassinosteroids on sex allocation in walnut (Juglans regia L.) flowers

The effect of foliar treatment with brassinosteroid (BR) on gender distribution in flowers of walnut (Juglans regia L. cv. Chandler) was investigated. Grafted walnut saplings (‘Chandler’) on the wild walnut (Juglans regia L.) rootstock were planted into 70-liter pots with a soil: peat: perlite medium and grown in pots between 2016–2020. BRs (24-epibrassinolide; EBR and 22(S), 23(S)-homobrassinolide; HBR) were applied at a concentration of 1 mg L–1 for four consecutive years at the time of flower differentiation. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates. The results show that BR applications could alter the sexual distribution of the walnut’s flower. BRs application significantly increased the number of total flowers and female flowers per tree. The number of female flowers was also increased by the season. The highest number of female flowers (20.9) was observed in the trees in 2020 and the application of 1 mg L–1 of HBR. It was determined that the annual growth of the plant and the increase in the number of females and total flowers were positively related. The effect of BRs indicated that the response was BR-type specific.

Integrated transcriptome, metabolome and phytohormone analysis reveals developmental differences between the first and secondary flowering in Castanea mollissima.

Chestnut (Castanea mollissima BL.) is an important woody grain, and its flower formation has a significant impact on fruit yield and quality. Some chestnut species in northern China re-flower in the late summer. On the one hand, the second flowering consumes a lot of nutrients in the tree, weakening the tree and thus affecting flowering in the following year. On the other hand, the number of female flowers on a single bearing branch during the second flowering is significantly higher than that of the first flowering, which can bear fruit in bunches. Therefore, these can be used to study the sex differentiation of chestnut. In this study, the transcriptomes, metabolomes, and phytohormones of male and female chestnut flowers were determined during spring and late summer. We aimed to understand the developmental differences between the first and secondary flowering stages in chestnuts. We analysed the reasons why the number of female flowers is higher in the secondary flowering than in the first flowering and found ways to increase the number of female flowers or decrease the number of male flowers in chestnuts. Transcriptome analysis of male and female flowers in different developmental seasons revealed that EREBP-like mainly affected the development of secondary female flowers and HSP20 mainly affected the development of secondary male flowers. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 147 common differentially-regulated genes were mainly enriched from circadian rhythm-plant, carotenoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Metabolome analysis showed that the main differentially accumulated metabolites in female flowers were flavonoids and phenolic acids, whereas the main differentially accumulated metabolites in male flowers were lipids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These genes and their metabolites are positively correlated with secondary flower formation. Phytohormone analysis showed that abscisic and salicylic acids were negatively correlated with secondary flower formation. MYB305, a candidate gene for sex differentiation in chestnuts, promoted the synthesis of flavonoid substances and thus increased the number of female flowers. We constructed a regulatory network for secondary flower development in chestnuts, which provides a theoretical basis for the reproductive development mechanism of chestnuts. This study has important practical implications for improving chestnut yield and quality.

Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Analysis in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Experiment with 45 hybrids (F1s) under 10 x 10 diallel analysis was carried out to estimate the extent of heterosis over mid and better parents for yield and its contributing traits in bitter gourd. The inbreeding depression for various traits was also worked out. Analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences for almost all characters except plant height suggesting presence of wide genetic variability. The heterosis exhibited for fruit characters and fruit yield was mostly positive. Ten cross combinations (DVBTG-1 x VRBT-6, VRBT-94 x VRBT-39, VRBT-94 x VRBT-49, VRBT-94 x VRBT-103, VRBT-94 x VRBT-63, VRBT-94 x VRBT-32, VRBT-94 x VRBT-6, VRBT-41 x VRBT-6, VRBT-103 x VRBT-6 and VRBT-63 x VRBT-32) which recorded high heterosis for yield and also expressed high heterosis for yield components, indicating the additive or synergistic effect on the fruit yield. These cross combinations can be utilized for commercial exploitation and determining the strategies for future in bitter gourd hybrid development. The inbreeding depression results due to fixation of unfavorable recessive genes in F2. In the present results high inbreeding depression indicates the presence of non-additive gene action (dominance and epistasis) for the traits like first male and female flower anthesis, fruit weight, plant height and number of fruits/plant. The minimum inbreeding depression was observed in cross VRBT-32 x VRBT-6 and VRBT-94 x VRBT-49.

Pemberian Mulsa Organik dan Pemangkasan Cabang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Semangka (Citrullus vulgaris Schard) Varietas F1 Punggawa

Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schard) is a horticultural commodity rich in nutrients that are beneficial to human health. One of the efforts to increase watermelon productivity is by applying organic mulch and pruning the branch. This research was held in July-October 2022 at the Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Yogyakarta, Wedomartani. Field experiments using the method compiled with Completely Randomized Block Design (CRD) factorial. The first factor was organic mulch with 3 levels, namely without mulch, rice straw, and husk rice. The second factor was pruning with 3 levels, namely without pruning, pruning leaving 2 branch, and pruning leaving 3 branch. The results showed that the best combination was mulching rice straw and pruning leaving 3 branch, there was an interaction between fruit weight per fruit and fruit weight per plant. Rice straw mulch gave the best results on plant length at 28 and 35 days after planting, number of male and female flowers, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight per hectare, and sugar content. The pruning treatment leaving 3 branch gave the best results on plant lenght at 28 and 35 HST, the number of male and female flowers, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight per hectare, and sugar content

Giving Some Concentrations of Ethephon on The Growth and Yield of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai.)

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai.) is one of the horticultural commodities that have a fairly high economic value. Watermelon plants are more dominant in producing male flowers than female flowers. Therefore it is necessary to be able to change the sexual expression of watermelon flowers. One of the efforts that can be made to increase production watermelon is by administering the growth regulating agent ethepon. This study aims to find the best concentration of ethepon on watermelon growth and yield. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and repeated 4 times. The treatment given was giving the concentration of ethepon which consisted of 5 levels, namely control (0 ppm), 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm. The parameters observed were plant length, number of leaves, when the first male flower appeared, when the first female flower appeared, the number of male flowers, the number of female flowers, the number of fruit planted, the weight of fruit planted and the length of the fruit. The results of research that have been carried out show that the application of ethepon with a concentration of 100 ppm is the best concentration in increasing when the first male flowers appear, the number of male flowers, the number of female flowers, the number of fruits per plant and the weight of fruit per plant.

Influence of plant growth regulators on morphological and flowering behavior of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.)

A field experiment was conducted for evaluating the influence of three plant growth regulators (PGR) viz., gibberellic acid (GA3), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Ethrel on morphological and flowering behaviour of bottle gourd. The foliar application of Ethrel @ 300 ppm was found beneficial for days taken for appearance of first female flower, number of male flowers, number of female flowers, sex ratio. Whereas, maximum length of vine at 60 and 90 DAS, minimum number of days taken from fruit set to edible maturity was obtained by the foliage application of GA3 @ 40 ppm however minimum days taken for appearance of first male flower was obtained with GA3 @ 60 ppm. Based on these observations, it could be suggested that the significant increase in flowering and growth characters would be obtained by the spraying of Ethrel @ 300 ppm at 2-4 true leaf stage.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulator on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economic of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L. Var. Pattypan) in Mid Hills of Uttarakhand

Field study on the Effect of Plant Growth Regulator on Growth and Yield of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L. Var. Pattypan) was conducted during 2017 (summer season). Ten treatments of plant growth regulator consist of T1 Control; T2 Ethrel 150 ppm; T3 Ethrel 200 ppm; T4 Ethrel @ 250 ppm; T5 Gibberellic acid (GA3) @ 25 ppm; T6 Gibberellic acid (GA3) @ 50 ppm; T7 Gibberellic acid (GA3) @ 75 ppm; T8 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 50 ppm; T9 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 100 ppm; T10 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 150 ppm were tried in Randomized Complete Block Design having three replications. Results revealed that the maximum number of male flowers per plant (13.63) was found under T5 that was closely followed by T4, T7, T3 and the lowest number of male flowers per plant (7.06) in T9. In contrast, the maximum number of female flowers per plant (7.86) was found under T9 while the lowest number of female flowers per plant (4.76) was found under T7.The lowest sex ratio (1.26) was observed with T9, while the highest sex ratio (2.43) was observed with T6.The maximum fruit set percent (71.58) were found under T8 that was statistically identical by T10: Naphthalene acetic acid 150 ppm while the minimum fruit set (49.02) were found under T2. Different plant growth regulators showed a statistically significant variation on number of fruits per plant. The maximum (6.03) fruits per plant in number were recorded under T9 and the minimum fruits per plant were recorded in T2. The yield of summer squash was recorded the maximum (403.75 q ha-1) in treatment T4 which was closely followed by T10. The quality parameters i.e., TSS (4.66) and shelf life (114.6 days) of summer squash was determined the maximum in T8 as compared to other treatments. The economics of using different growth regulators revealed that the benefit cost ratio was the maximum with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 100 ppm (T9) followed by Ethrel 250 ppm (T4). The overall results showed that the effective treatment for increasing femaleness and yield of Summer Squash was Ethrel (250 ppm) with the satisfactory benefit cost ratio (4.23).