Number Of DMFT Research Articles

Geriatric Dentistry: A Review

ABSTRACT Education in geriatric medicine is in its infancy in India and geriatric dentistry is nonexistent. Poor oral health is linked to serious systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Edentulousness and paucity of prosthodontic rehabilitation prevent the elderly from choosing food that they like and deny them the pleasure of eating, which is essential for a feeling of wellbeing. Oral mucosal diseases and lesions are common in elderly people. Many older adults have pigmented and benign soft-tissue and hard-tissue conditions. Lichenoid mucosal lesions can also be caused by a variety of medications commonly prescribed in older patients. The prevalence of leukoplakia and lichen planus in older people ranges from 1.0 to 4.8% and 1.1 to 6.6%, respectively. Fifty percent of zoster patients over 60 years of age will develop postherpetic neuralgia that may persist for months or even years. Root surface caries result from an age-related condition that develops on cementum following gingival recession or as an extension of existing coronal caries onto the root surface coronal caries are also quite prevalent among older persons. A recent survey of 65-74-year-old in Madagascar observed that the mean number of DMFT was 20.2. In China, second national oral health survey revealed that the mean number of decayed and filled teeth was 2.5 at old age, and study in India confirmed this figure observed in China, the mean number of decayed teeth being 2.5. Denture stomatitis is a common oral mucosal lesion of clinical importance in old-age populations. The prevalence rate of stomatitis is reported within the range of 11-67% in complete denture wearers. Other major denture-related lesions include denture hyperplasia and traumatic ulcer; their prevalence rates in old-age denture wearers range from 4 to 26%.

Comparison of oral health between inpatients with schizophrenia and disabled people or the general population

There is little comparative research evidence to support the claim that there is disparity in dental care between inpatients with schizophrenia and the disabled people or the general population. This study aimed to investigate whether schizophrenia inpatients had poorer dental care and worse oral health than the disabled people and the general population, respectively. An oral health survey was conducted in a specific-psychiatric long-term care institution in Taiwan in 2006. The results of this survey were compared with the findings of oral health investigations of the disabled people or the general population in Taiwan using proportion test and t-test. This study used decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT) to describe the condition of dental caries. Compared with the disabled people, schizophrenia inpatients aged 19 to 44 years had a lower subjects' filling rate of DMFT index (FI) and a higher caries experience, but schizophrenia inpatients aged 45 or more had a lower mean number of DMFT. Compared with the general population, schizophrenia inpatients had higher caries experience, mean number of DMFT, percentage edentulous, and community periodontal index and lower FI and number of remaining tooth among various gender or age groups. In Taiwan, inpatients with schizophrenia have a lower FI than the disabled people and a worse overall oral health status than the general population.

Dental Caries Experience in a Hungarian Police Student Population

The aim of this study was to assess the caries experience of Hungarian police students and to evaluate its relationship with nutrition, oral hygiene habits, behavioural and social factors. This representative cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in a dental office of the Miskolc Law Enforcement Secondary School in Hungary in 2008. Altogether 792 Hungarian police student volunteers (male/female ratio was 90.3/9.7%, age: 20.4 ± 1.3 years, mean ± SD) participated in the study. Caries experience was measured using World Health Organization criteria and a validated questionnaire was used to collect social and oral health behaviour data. The DMFT number was 10.3 ± 5.7 (mean ± SD). Significant relationships were found between the DMFT value and the education of fathers, frequency of dental attendance, and use of dental floss (p < 0.05). D and T components of caries prevalence showed significant relationships with the frequency of dental attendance, while from the components the FT value showed statistically significant relationships with the education of fathers and the MT component with the use of dental floss (p < 0.05). Based on the results of this survey, strategies aiming at effective caries-preventive programmes should be established in police student populations ensuring the official basic requirements on their health condition and suitability for subsequent service. The published information can be used as a base for new strategies, and allows the evaluation of the effects of a carefully planned and implemented health care system.

Oral health status of older people in residential homes in Saudi Arabia

The aim of the study was to de-termine the oral health status and treatment needs of elderly residents of residential homes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Among 129 elderly residents, 83 (51 males, and 32 females) of them were interviewed and clini-cally examined according to WHO criteria by two calibrated dentists. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 72 ± 8.5. Male subjects had a higher smoking rate than females. Among elderly subjects below 74 years old, 20.8% had a functional dentition (> or = 20), while only 6.7% for those aged greater or equal to 75 years (p = 0.0004). Mean number of the sound teeth in all subjects was 6.7 ± 8.5. The mean number of DMFT was 18.6 ± 12.6. The missing component was the highest (16 ± 13) for both genders. The mean number of decayed roots was 2.75 ± 3.95 in males and 0.63 ± 1.96 in females. Overall, males had more sound and decayed teeth and less filled and missed teeth than females. There was no significant difference between males and females in periodontal problems except the calculus scores. The majority of subjects in need for tooth extraction were male subjects. With no gender difference 63% were in need for restorations, 40% needed upper and lower full dentures. Need for partial dentures was 38% upper and 48% lower. Conclusion: The oral health of the institutionalized elderly population in Saudi Arabia is generally poor and their treatment needs are high.

Oral health condition and treatment needs of a group of UAE children with down syndrome

Objectives: Several studies have described the oral health condition and treatment needs of individuals with Down syndrome (DS), but there are no reports about DS patients in UAE. This study was conducted to determine the oral health condition and treatment needs in these patients.Methods: Sixty children with DS attending Sharjah School for Humanitarian Service (SSHS) were selected for the study. In the evaluation, the children were compared with a normal non-DS control group selected from children attending college of dentistry Ajman University dental clinics and matched for age and sex. Clinical assessment included extraoral and intraoral examination, measurement of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth (DMFT) for permanent dentition and (dmft) for primary dentition, while periodontal evaluation included recording of oral hygiene status, plaque index (P1), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Periodontal and gingival health status was recorded according to the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). DS children were also examined for malocclusion, dental hypoplasia, crowding, and missing teeth.Results: Compared with normal controls, children with DS had mean number of DMFT almost twice as high as that in the parallel healthy controls (13.2 ± 0.84 vs. 7.4 ± 3.94). More of the DS children showed poor oral hygiene. The assessment of the periodontal treatment needs of the DS children revealed that only 10% of the children had healthy gingiva compared with 38.3% of healthy controls. Significantly high proportion of DS patients (p &lt; 0.05) require complex periodontal treatment. DS patients have shown a significantly higher proportion of malocclusion (p &lt; 0.01), compared with non-DS subjects.Conclusion: Individuals with DS in UAE have poor oral health and an increased occurrence of periodontal disease and dental caries compared with otherwise normal, age-matched control groups. Preventive, restorative and periodontal treatment needs are unmet in DS children. These findings reinforce the importance of promoting the integration of the dental specialists to the interdisciplinary team that provides healthcare for this group of children.

A study on oral health behavior and other related factors between children with high dmft and no caries

To explore the risk factors of children with high dmft. In suburban of Guangzhou, oral health of 401 3 - 4-year-old children were examined and structured questionnaire were completed by their parents. 120 children with highest number of dmft (dmft > or = 5) and 118 caries-free children were chosen for case-control analysis. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with high dmft were developmental defect of enamel, visible plaque index, frequency of toothbrushing, frequency of sugar consumption, and income. Advocating brushing teeth at least twice daily, controlling the frequency of sugar consuming, reducing the developmental defect of enamel and paying more attention to the oral health of lower income population may effectively reduce dental caries of the children.

Evaluation of palatal saliva flow rate and oral manifestations in patients with Sjögren's syndrome

The purpose of this study was to describe the oral properties of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), including the determination of palatal saliva (PS) flow rate. Forty-nine SS patients and 43 healthy controls participated. Subjective symptoms were recorded and clinical assessments of the oral mucosal, dental and periodontal status were made. Unstimulated whole saliva (WS) and PS flow rates, the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF-T number), the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and the periodontal probing depth (PPD) were determined. Despite the decrease in the flow rate of WS in SS patients, PS was not different from those of the controls (1.57 +/- 1.02 and 1.35 +/- 2.5 microl cm(-2) min(-1), respectively). GBI (20.0% vs. 10.5%, respectively), DMF-T (27.1 +/- 6.12 vs. 23.0 +/- 6.99, respectively) and PPD (2.28 +/- 1.09 mm vs. 1.82 +/- 0.73 mm, respectively) were higher in SS compared with the controls (P < 0.05). DMF-T and PPD showed a positive correlation with anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibody positivity in the serum (P < 0.05). Data of the present study suggest that the subjective feeling of xerostomia in SS patients is the result of a decrease in the volume of the whole saliva, and not of the viscous PS. Correlation of DMF-T and PPD with autoantibody positivity reveals that the oral health status of SS patients may be associated with the general autoimmune process.

A pilot study of dental caries status in relation to knowledge, attitudes and practices in oral health in Myanmar.

This study was to determine the dental caries prevalence among the Myanmar population, and to investigate the correlations between oral clinical indices and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on oral health. Subjects were randomly selected from 140,000 people residing in the Kyauktan township in a cross-sectional community-based study. The present analysis was confined to 739 subjects (353 males and 386 females) aged 12, 35-44 and 65-74 years, who were divided into two specified groups based on urban or rural location. KAP on oral health data and social demographic information were collected, while dental caries status was assessed by DMFT. The mean number of decayed teeth (DT) in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, while the mean number of filled teeth (FT) in rural areas was lower than that in urban areas. Mean knowledge and attitude scores for correct answers were also significantly higher for the urban than the rural subjects. There were statistically significant correlations between the correct/incorrect responses to knowledge and attitude questionnaires on oral health and the mean number of DMFT. KAP pertaining to oral health of Myanmar population, especially those of rural subjects, might not be satisfactory and related to threaten their dental caries status.

1998 social epidemiological analysis of caries incidence and degree of dental restoration in young men

Basing on the hypothesis that adult dental health is co-determined by the conditions and influences prevailing in the family of origin during childhood and adolescence, we analysed the associations of socio-economic status of the family, personal dental care behaviour and other educational and structural factors, with caries prevalence (DMF-T) and the level of restoration in 642 young men between 18 and 24 years eligible for conscription. Additionally, we presented the changes in caries prevalence in conscripted persons during the 1990s comparing our results with those of a study conducted in 1989-90. The average number of DMF-T teeth was 5.7. 15% of subjects were caries-free. The mean level of restoration in those with a history of caries was 79.2%. The prevalence of caries and the level of restoration were strongly associated with the level of education, and the socio-economic status of the family of origin. Parental working time, number of siblings, structural deficiencies in the family, parental preventive education and training with regard to dental care, frequency of brushing the teeth, belief in the success of preventive health measures and prevalence of fissure sealings were significantly associated with DMF-T. Frequency of dental visits showed an association with the level of restoration. From 1989/90 to 1998 prevalence of caries in conscripts decreased by 42% (after adjusting for the different levels of education of both studies the decrease was 36%). Whereas in 1989/90 the average number of DMF-T in the 9-year elementary school graduates exceeded those of the high school graduates ("seniors") by 22%, this difference increased to 88% by 1998. More than 40% of the differences in the prevalence of caries among subjects of different educational levels were due to risk factors of social origin, preventive dental behaviour and utilisation of dental services, all of these being less favourable in elementary school or secondary school graduates compared to high-school graduates.

MEKANISME FLUOR MENGHAMBAT KERJA ENZIM AIR LIUR

As the number of DMF-T remain high, the development continues for its prevention and cures. Fluoride supplement is one of the alternative treatments in tooth decay prevention. Fluoride can suppress the glycolysis cycle by preventing the enolase process, thus preventing 2-P glycerate into PEP. Lack of PEP may cuase the transfer of sugar through PEP phosphotransferase system, in increasing the acid through glycolysis process being reduced. Salivary enzyme such as lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase and total salivary peroxidase play an important role in saliva, especially antimicrobial activity. THe enzyme in peroixdase system work with tyocianate (SCN) as a catalisator. In oxidation reaction of hydrogen peroxides to hypotiocianate, the enzyme activate the peroxidases system. FLuoride effect to salivary enzyme activities in certain fluoride concentration can inhibit the activities of peroxidases system. Therefore, in a high caries frequency it is better to avoid fluoride administration.

Trends in Caries Prevalence in Dutch Adults between 1983 and 1995

In 1995, a dental survey was performed among adults aged 25–54 in the Dutch city of ’s-Hertogenbosch. A similar study was performed in the same city in 1983 and the aim of the present study was to describe trends in oral health from 1983 to 1995. National data show that the percentage of edentulous persons aged 30–39 and 40–49 decreased from 11.3 to 3.3 and from 28.5 to 13.8, respectively, between 1984 and 1993/94. The same trend was found in ’s-Hertogenbosch. In persons with natural dentition under the age of 35 the mean number of DMFT decreased significantly between 1983 and 1995. In 1995 the mean number of FT was higher, and the mean numbers of DT and MT were lower than in 1983 in all age categories. It can be concluded that oral health in Dutch adults, as measured by caries prevalence, treatment level of caries and percentage of edentulous persons, improved significantly between 1983 and 1995.

出生年別にみた１人平均ＤＭＦ歯数および喪失歯数の経年的変化

出生年別にみた１人平均ＤＭＦ歯数および喪失歯数の経年的変化

Study on screening of high-caries-risk children by using number of DMFT at 6 years of age

This study was carried out to contrive a screening level and select high-caries-risk school-children by using the number of dmft in the deciduous canines and molars at 6 years of age. The screening level was established at 9 dmft by analyzing the longitudinal caries data from 119 primary schoolchildren in Tomisato, Chiba Prefecture. Thirty-three percent of the high-caries-risk children, selected by the application of this screening level to the other three primary schools, were predicted that the mean number of DMFT would be 6 or more at 11 years of age. However, this screening level was not available for the two schools which had been adopting a fluoride mouth rinsing program because of their low caries experience at 11 years of age.

Five‐year follow‐up caries study among Nigerian children

Eighty-five children (age in 1981, 3-9 yr) examined in the 1981 survey in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were seen again in 1986. In addition cross-sectional caries data in a small sample of 6-14-yr-olds were compared with data obtained in 1986. Results show that caries prevalence rate and the average number of DMFT increased slightly in the urban area, but was still very low. Both caries prevalence and the average number of DMFT decreased in rural areas because attrition proceeded faster than did caries.

Caries prevalence in 12‐year‐old children in Ljubljana in 1970 and 1985

In Yugoslavia accurate data on the caries trend have not been available so far. In the present study, we have compared the caries status of 12-yr-old children in the years 1970 and 1985. Dental examinations in both surveys were carried out by the same examiner. Each survey included about 150 children of similar socioeconomic background, attending the same three schools in Ljubljana. The average number of DMFT per child decreased from 8.15 in 1970 to 5.03 in 1985 (38.3%), and the average number of DMFS decreased from 17.25 in 1970 to 7.80 in 1985 (54.8%). The number of carious surfaces per tooth dropped from 2.12 in 1970 to 1.55 in 1985. The greatest decline occurred on the approximal surfaces (78.3%), whereas the involvement of occlusal, lingual, and buccal surfaces decreased by about 40%.

３歳児の乳歯う蝕り患に関する要因の分析

The factors influencing the caries prevalence of children of three years of age were investigated using multivariant analysis.The number of subjects were 543 who received the 3-year-old dental examination at Naruto Community Health Center in Tokushima from July to December in 1987. The caries-decisive factors examined were“Order of birth”, “Guardian”, “Kind of feeding”, “Nursing in bed”, “Frequency of between-meal eating”, “Place of between-meal eating”, “Amount of sweet snacks”, “Frequency of tooth brushing”and“Brushing by whom”and these factors were asked by questionnaire to mothers of children. Quantification types I and II were used as analytical methods. The former was applied to analyze the factors which had an influence on the dmft number, and the latter to analyze the factors which had an influence on the onset of dental caries.The results were summarized as follows.1. The factors strongly related to caries onset were“Place of between-meal eating”, “Amount of sweet snacks”and“Nursing in bed”, in order.2. The factors strongly related to the number of dmft were“Guardian”, “Kind of feeding”and“Nursing in bed”, in that order. In“Guardian”, the category grandparents seemed to be a cariespromoting factor, and nursery school seemed to be an inhibitory factor.3. A significant relationship between habitual tooth-brushing and caries onset or the number of dmft was not observed in this study.

台湾高地に居住する Ami 族と Bunun 族の歯牙・歯周疾患に関する疫学的研究

The extent of incidence of dental disease in the Taiwan mountain aborigines has been a subject of interest. Little, however, has been reported because of the geographical peculiarity. A study on the Ami and Bunun tribes was therefore made in December 1979. A total of 345 subjects, 168 males and 177 females, from 9 to 30 in age were studied on their teeth and the oral environment. The results were as follows : 1. The average number of the erupted permanent teeth was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the females than in the males for the ages from 9 to 12. 2. The percentage of persons with one or more DMF teeth showed a decreasing tendency with an increase in age in the males and a minimum of 61.11±11.49 was observed for the ages from 16 to 30. A similar tendency was also observed in the females. The males showed a significantly lower value (p<0.01) than the females. 3. The DMF rate showed a decreasing tendency in the males with an increase in age and a minimum of 9.85±1.27% was observed for the ages from 16 to 30. In the females, the rate was fairly constant at 20-23% despite an increase in age. The males showed significantly lower values (p<0.01) than the females for each age group. 4. The number of DMFT was significantly lower (p<0.01) in the males than in the females for each age group. At the ages from 9 to 15, most DMFT were DT (decayed teeth) in both males and females. At the ages from 16 to 30, 75% or more of DMFT were DT (decayed teeth). 5. The number of DMFS tended to increase in both males and females with an increase in age. A maximum was 6.72±2.29 in the males and 17.12±2.70 in the females at the ages from 16 to 30. The males showed significantly lower values (p<0.01) than the females for each age group. 6. The OHI was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the males than in the females at the ages from 13 to 15. 7. The PMA index showed an increasing tendency with an increase in age in both males and females. At the ages from 16 to 30 in particular, marked prevalence of gingivitis was evidenced by 6.00±1.19 in the males and 6.08±0.90 in the females. The females showed a significantly higher value (p<0.01) than the females at the ages from 13 to 15. On the basis of the foregoings, both low incidence of caries (higher age group) and high incidence of caries (lower age group) were observed at the same time in the Ami and Bunun tribes. The transitional stage was estimated to be around 15 years old.

フッ素イオン導入法による永久歯齲蝕予防の臨床実験的研究

A series of clinical experiments were undertaken to assess the possible effects of fluoride ions impregnation of vital tooth crown on the rate of caries inhibition, with use of the Fluoridator (Orion Corp.) and 2% sodium fluoride solution. The experimental group was consisted of 450 pupils from the Ist to 6th grades of the elementary school of Ogura, Yawata-ku, and a total of 590 pupils of similar composition was taken as the control group from Kumate elementary school, Yawata-ku, Kitakyushu City. The experiment was started October, 1970 and terminated at February, 1973, during which interval the fluoride treatment was regularly administered at the months of February, June and October each year, so that the number of treatments given the subjects was respectively 3 for the Ist grade pupils, 6 for the 2nd grade pupils and 8 for the 3rd to 6th grades pupils. Examinations of the permanent teeth of subjects were conducted at the months of February, June and October each year with special reference to the number of total erupted permanent teeth and the number of DMF-T in individual subjects. Results were summarized as follows. 1. Caries Prevarence Rate at Biginning of the Experiment The caries rate of permanent teeth refers to percentages between the total existent permanent teeth and the number of DMF-T (present at the start of experiment). The percentages for the male subjects ranged from 6.7 to 14.5% in the experimental groups, and 3.2 to 26.6% in the control groups. The same for the female subjects ranged from 7.2 to 16.4% in the experimental groups, and 6.4 to 21.9% in the control groups. This indicated that, with both sexes, the rates for the control groups were higher than those for the experimental groups within 5% of statistical error. 2. Rate of Inhibition of Permanent Teeth Caries by Fluoride The rate of caries inhibition refers here to the percentage of the difference between the incidence rates of permanent teeth caries for both experimental and control groups of subjects versus those of control groups. The rate of caries inhibition for the male subjects was highest in the Ist grade pupils with 48.5%, followed by 3rd grade pupils with 24.9%, by 5 th grade pupils with 23.0%, the rate decreasing gradually for remaining groups of pupils in the order of 4th, 2nd and 6th grade. The rate of caries inhibition for the female subjects was highest in the 4th grade pupils with 50.6%, followed by 5th grade pupils with 32.1%, by 3rd grade pupils with 30.6% and by Ist grade pupils with 21.9%, the rate decreasing for 6th and 2nd grades pupils in this order. The correlation between the fluoride treatment and incidence of permanent teeth caries was examined by x^2-Test. Results showed that correlations existed in the 1st and 3rd grades pupils of male sex and in the 3rd and 4th grades pupils of female sex with statistical error within 5%. Any positive correlation could not be recognized to exist in the remaining groups of subject.

福岡市内における事業所従業員の齲歯の加療状態

The dental care status has been surveyed on the employees of 16 factories in Fukuoka City consisting of 563 males and 621 females ranged in age from 16 to 59 years. The subjects were divided into both sexes and subdivided into age ranges from 16 to 19, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49 and from 50 to 59, and on these groups the caries incidence and the rate of treated cases were observed. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Percent Caries Incidence Percent incidence for the male groups ranged from 63.3 to 93.5, and that for the female groups ranged from 74.8 to 100.0. The incidence was lowest in 16 to 19 years age groups of both sexes, and rose higher with increasing age stages. There was found no appreciable sex difference. 2. Mean Decayed Teeth (DT Number) The mean number of decayed teeth present in the male groups ranged from 1.4 to 1.8, and that in the female groups from 2 2 to 2.9, indicating slightly greater caries incidence found in the female groups. Age difference in this respect was not so significant. 3. Mean Number of Missing Teeth (MT Number) The mean number of missing teeth for the male groups ranged from 0.1 to 5.3, and that for the female groups from 0.2 to 5.4. The number tended to increase with increasing age stages. Thers was no significant difference between sexes. 4. Mean Number of Filled Teeth (FT Number) The mean count of filled teeth for the male groups ranged from 0.9 to 9.2, and for the female groups from 0.7 to 5.2. The number increased with increasing age stages, There was no significant difference between sexes in this respect. 5. Mean Number of DMFT The mean count of decayed, missing, and filled teeth for the male groups ranged from 2.6 to 10.7, and that for the female groups from 3.0 to 12.2, indicating that the latter groups had more DMFT than the former. This number also showed increase with increasing age stages of both sexes. 6. Mean Number of RT (DMFT minus FT) The number for the male groups ranged from 1.7 to 2.7, and for the female from 2.4 to 4.3, indicating the greater number for the latter groups. This number showed slight increase with advancing age stages of subjects. 7. Percent Tooth Number Requiring Treatment The percentage decreasod for the male groups from 65.0 to 13.7, and for the female groups from 78.2 to 34.9, indicating decreasing rates with advancing age stages, and greater percentage for the female groups than for the male groups. 8. The present survey of dental care status revealed that it was worse in the younger generations of both sexes but especially of female sex.