Number Of Dependent People Research Articles

Effect of “Mehrpishegan” web-based support group on depression, anxiety, and stress among elderly informal caregivers: a protocol for a randomized-controlled trial

BackgroundElderly population in low- and middle-income countries is rapidly growing, which indicates an increase in the number of dependent people needing long-term care. Caring for the elderly is difficult and stressful and threatens physical and mental health of informal caregivers. We aim to design a web-based support group and assess its effectiveness on depression, anxiety, and stress among elderly informal caregivers.MethodsThis is a protocol for a two-arm randomized controlled trial. A total of 160 informal elderly caregivers will be recruited from the southern area of Tehran. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to two intervention and control groups. The inclusion criteria include not receiving salary for caring, having primary responsibility for care, having smartphone/tablet/computer, being able to use the contents and web applications, having at least one month of experience in caring for the elderly, and having access to the Internet at least once weekly. The intervention will be implemented by giving an account access to the designed website. Depression, anxiety, and stress will be assessed using the DASS21 questionnaire at baseline, and at the end of third and sixth months.DiscussionOur findings can pave the way for improving the mental health of informal caregivers of the elderly through provision of web-based supportive services. This study stands as an opportunity to address the needs of caregivers and help them support each other in a novel way.Trial registrationIran Randomized Clinical Trial Center IRCT20201012048999N1. Registered on 25 December 2020 (current status: ongoing).The World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set is in Additional file 1Protocol versionSecond version 2021-05-27

Preparedness against floods in nearly pristine socio-hydrological systems

ABSTRACT The relations between preparedness and psycho-social attributes of people and communities exposed to river floods in a nearly pristine socio-hydrological system were investigated, applying a hydrological-hydraulic analysis of flood risk in combination with results from a survey, social cartography, semi-structured non-participant observation, and semi-structured interviews. Results show that preparedness in nearly pristine systems is noticeably different to that reported for altered systems. People adopt innovative and simple but efficient measures against floods, conditioned by (1) damage suffered during past floods, (2) perceived exposure to floods, and (3) the number of dependent people in the household. The studied system proved to be well adapted to floods but not resilient. Studying attributes that explain preparedness as part of flood risk management plans would contribute towards uncertainty reduction in risk calculations and increase the safety of goods and people from floods.

Community Self-Help Centre as an Institution of Social Integration

Demographic ageing of the society has a direct impact on the number of dependent people who need assistance from specialized institutions. People in a difficult life situation who need support, e.g. daily or live-in/residential care due to their old age, illness or disability, can take advantage of the offer of institutions providing social assistance services. Among such institutions are community self-help centres (CSHC, in Polish ‘środowiskowy dom samopomocy’) governed by the Ministry of Social Policy and organized by units of local administration to provide care, nursing and assistance services. The aim of this paper is to present the operation, scope of assistance and the offer of the Community Self-help Centre in Kraśnik, and to show good practices in providing services to the elderly, dependent and disabled people based on the analysis of official documents (statutes, regulations, and an annual report prepared by this centre for 2020).

La cuidadora familiar: sentimiento de obligación naturalizado de la mujer a la hora de cuidar

<p>El aumento de la cronicidad de las enfermedades y de las personas dependientes como consecuencia del envejecimiento de la población es un hecho demostrado, como también lo es que las mujeres son las principales implicadas en el cuidado familiar. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio es visibilizar cómo la función del cuidado familiar queda adscrita a las mujeres como parte de un rol de género motivado por un sentimiento de obligación naturalizado por parte de las mujeres a la hora de cuidar. Se trata de investigación cualitativa basada en la teoría fundamentada de tipo descriptivo. La muestra está constituida por nueve participantes a las que se les sometió a una entrevista semiestructurada. Además a las participantes se les entregó una ficha explicativa del estudio y una hoja de consentimiento informado. Los resultados obtenido tras el análisis de los datos surgieren seis categorías: “posibilidades de división del cuidado en el núcleo familiar cercano”, “toma de decisión”, “falsa sensación de ayuda y fragmentación efectiva del cuidado”, “el cuidado por parte de la mujer entendido como algo natural”, “cuidado entendido como obligación moral” y “la ayuda en femenino a una responsabilidad asumida como femenina”. La conclusión principal del artículo es que la responsabilidad de ser cuidadora principal recae principalmente sobre mujeres y cómo la decisión se enmascara sobre un falso consenso.</p>

Long-term care social insurance: How to avoid big losses?

Long-term care (LTC) needs are expected to rapidly increase in the next decades, and at the same time, the main provider of LTC, namely the family, is stalling. This calls for more involvement of the state that today covers <20% of these needs and most often in an inconsistent way. Besides the need to help the dependent poor, there is a mounting concern in the middle class that a number of dependent people are incurring costs that could force them to sell all their assets. In this paper, we study the design of a social insurance program that meets this concern. Following Arrow (Am Econ Rev 53:941–973, 1963), we suggest a policy that is characterized by complete insurance above a deductible amount.

Dismantling the community-based service system.

Abstract As a result of the community-based human services movement in the 1960s and 1970s, massive numbers of dependent people moved out of large-scale institutions and returned to community life. Clients and their support services concentrated in inner cities, forming “service-dependent population ghettos” there. Recently, however, new urban economic development patterns, local land use policies that limit housing supply, and reductions in funds for social programs have begun to dismantle the service-dependent population ghettos in some cities. These changes may force dependent clients back into institutions, into service settings that do not suit their needs, or onto the streets. Using a case study of Santa Clara County, California, this article describes the forces that contributed to development, and now to decline, of the service-dependent population ghetto there. The authors argue that planners and policymakers need to address the problems of service-dependent groups before those problems worsen. P...