Number Of Deaf People Research Articles

Iraqi Sign Language Translator system using Deep Learning

The deaf and mute use sign language by moving their hands, faces, and bodies to talk to each other or normal people. Sign language is non-verbal communication, which is the process of communication by sending and receiving messages without words between people. The number of deaf people is increasing in the world and Iraq in particular, in addition to the problems in communicating with the world and the difficulty of learning sign language by deaf and hard-of-hearing families, there must be other ways to help the deaf communicate efficiently with ordinary people and learn sign language easily. One such method is to use artificial intelligence to create translation software and recognize hand gestures. This paper presents a computer program that can translate Iraqi sign language into Arabic (text). First, the translation starts with capturing videos to make up the dataset, the proposed system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify sign language based on its features to impute the meaning of the sign. The accuracy of the part of the proposed system that translates sign language into Arabic text is 99% for words sign.

A Novel Machine Learning–Based Hand Gesture Recognition Using HCI on IoT Assisted Cloud Platform

Machine learning is a technique for analyzing data that aids the construction of mathematical models. Because of the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable sensor devices, gesture interfaces are becoming a more natural and expedient human-machine interaction method. This type of artificial intelligence that requires minimal or no direct human intervention in decision-making is predicated on the ability of intelligent systems to self-train and detect patterns. The rise of touch-free applications and the number of deaf people have increased the significance of hand gesture recognition. Potential applications of hand gesture recognition research span from online gaming to surgical robotics. The location of the hands, the alignment of the fingers, and the hand-to-body posture are the fundamental components of hierarchical emotions in gestures. Linguistic gestures may be difficult to distinguish from nonsensical motions in the field of gesture recognition. Linguistic gestures may be difficult to distinguish from nonsensical motions in the field of gesture recognition. In this scenario, it may be difficult to overcome segmentation uncertainty caused by accidental hand motions or trembling. When a user performs the same dynamic gesture, the hand shapes and speeds of each user, as well as those often generated by the same user, vary. A machine-learning-based Gesture Recognition Framework (ML-GRF) for recognizing the beginning and end of a gesture sequence in a continuous stream of data is suggested to solve the problem of distinguishing between meaningful dynamic gestures and scattered generation. We have recommended using a similarity matching-based gesture classification approach to reduce the overall computing cost associated with identifying actions, and we have shown how an efficient feature extraction method can be used to reduce the thousands of single gesture information to four binary digit gesture codes. The findings from the simulation support the accuracy, precision, gesture recognition, sensitivity, and efficiency rates. The Machine Learning-based Gesture Recognition Framework (ML-GRF) had an accuracy rate of 98.97%, a precision rate of 97.65%, a gesture recognition rate of 98.04%, a sensitivity rate of 96.99%, and an efficiency rate of 95.12%.

PORTUGUESE SIGN LANGUAGE CURRICULUM

The Portuguese Sign Language (hereinafter LGP) is linked to the deaf education in Portugal for decades. Its genesis is found in the first institutes in Lisbon and Porto in the 19th century, in which a considerable number of deaf people had gathered and developed signed communication systems. During the 19th century, the methodologies used in their education were based on these signed systems and the manual alphabet. With the advent of oralist methodologies introduced in Portugal, these signed communication systems were banned from the classroom, although deaf students continued to develop their sign communication clandestinely. The LGP was rescued in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century as a result of the studies carried out by the University of Lisbon in partnership with the Portuguese Association of the Deaf, and of the first attempts to implement bilingual education for deaf students. Both developments demonstrated the need to teach LGP as a first language to deaf students and the construction of an LGP curriculum. The first national LGP curriculum is published (DGIDC, 2008) with the publication of the Decree-Law 3/2008, which regulated deaf bilingual education for the first time in its Article 23. In 2018, two new Decree-Laws were published (54/2018 and 55/2018) that revoke the previous Decree-Law and promote a curriculum review of all school subjects. To understand the effectiveness of the 2008 LGP curriculum, we carried out an exploratory study. We interviewed four deaf LGP teachers who suggested the reformulation of the LGP curriculum, respecting the 2018 legislation and the reality of the current deaf school population.

The knowledge of the Municipal Guard of Curitiba about the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), deafness and deaf people.

In Brazil, there is a considerable number of deaf people, sign language users, who should have access to equal opportunities. However, sign language is unknown by the most Brazilian population, especially those who work in public institutions, and deny the deaf their rights to equality. Therefore, several professionals, among them, the municipal guards, are not prepared for the diversity. to investigate the knowledge of the Municipal Guards (MG) from Curitiba about the deaf, Brazilian Sign Language (Libras),and their service practices when they need to interact with deaf citizens. It´s a mixed crosscut study; data were collected by the application of a semi-structured questionnaire answered by 50 municipal guards, with questions on their knowledge about the deaf, the sign language and the service practices conducted by their corporation towards deaf people. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by means of Bardin's Content Analysis. The results demonstrate that participants have a limited knowledge of deafness and Libras. Most members of the Municipal Guard have a view of deaf people and the Brazilian Sign Language based on an organic perspective of deafness, and it was also observed that during their service practices towards deaf people, many of them could not either interact or communicate with them.

Deaf sign language hidden in the fresco The Crucifixion of Saint Peter by Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564).

Since antiquity, specialists have worked to facilitate the communication of hearing impaired individuals, which according to the current literature, is among the disabilities that have the greatest impact on the quality of life. The system by which deaf people communicate is based essentially on sign language and the manual alphabet, employing gestures, and facial and body expressions. Although there is no exact data on how many people communicated through sign language in ancient times, studies show manual alphabets were used by deaf people in Europe in the early 15th century. Perhaps this was a reflection of a significant number of deaf people living throughout Europe at that time and who needed sign language to communicate. In this context, this manuscript, for the first time, demonstrates the renowned Italian Renaissance artist and genius of human anatomy Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) may have used deaf sign language in the fresco The Crucifixion of Saint Peter [Cappella Paolina, Vatican City, Italy]. This would demonstrate the engagement of one of the greatest Renaissance artists, with a clinical condition that has been studied by numerous health specialists since ancient times. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Marginalising the Mainstream: A Signed Performance of <i>The Miracle Worker</i> Places Deaf Issues Centre-Stage

William Gibson’s The Miracle Worker was staged at the Brisbane Powerhouse June 2009 by Crossbow Productions. In this adaption, people with hearing impairment were privileged through the use of shadow-signing, unscripted signing and the appropriation of signing as a theatrical language in itself. 250 people living with hearing impairment attended the production, 70 had never attended a theatrical event before. During the post-performance discussions hearing audience members expressed feelings of displacement through experiencing the culture of the deaf society and not grasping some of the ideas. This paper argues that this inversion enhanced meaning making for all and illustrates a way forward to encourage the signing of more theatrical events.

小児人工内耳の近未来像

The number of pediatric cochlear implants (CI) has markedly increased both in Japan and world wide. However, when pediatric CI is recommended for use, several points should be taken in consideration, such as the age of indication, improvements in the device and the establishment of a rehabilitation system. In regard to the age for indication, some reports recommend early implantation at less than 2 years of age, but other studies have reported the importance of duration after implantation rather than the age at implantation. Therefore, except for in cases of meningitis, an immediate lowering of the age for implantation does not appear to be necessary at least for the immediate future in Japan. In regard to improvements in the device that are now taking place for both the hard and soft parts, the miniaturizing of implantable parts and speech processor should produce an intra canal type of CI followed by a fully implantable CI in the near future. The development of NRT (Neural Response Telemetry) has the potential for automatic mapping, especially in pediatric patients who respond less to oral stimulation. A suitable rehabilitation system after CI was yet to be fully established in Japan and local centers for CI, possibly utilizing deaf schools for mapping and rehabilitation, are urgently needed. In the 21st century, however, it is possible that the number of deaf people in Japan may decrease towards zero by the wide spread promotion and use of CI.

Deafening silence: the Educational Experiences of Gifted Deaf People

Educational intervention for deaf people has a long history but it is a history that is dominated by the notion of deficit. The growing trend in the literature on deaf people is to recognise that they are not deficient but form a cultural and linguistic minority group that deserves appropriate educational programs. Deaf people report great frustration with their experiences of schooling as they have invariably been treated as intellectually inferior. Yet, a significant number of deaf people are gifted and have had the double hurdle of overcoming their deafness in a hearing world and an education service that does not meet their needs. This paper explores the educational experiences of gifted deaf people in a preliminary attempt to develop appropriate identification measures and educational provisions for such individuals. The conclusions presented are based on extensive interviews with a number of gifted deaf adults. Deaf interviewers were utilised to collect the required data in a more culturally sensitive and relevant manner.

The Use of Australian Sign Language by Deaf People

Australian Sign Language (Auslan) is a descendant of British Sign Language and is recognized in national and state language policy statements as a community language. Estimates have varied regarding the number of deaf people who use Auslan, as have views of what the features of this use may be. These data are essential for efficient planning and distribution of interpreting, educational, vocational and other services for deaf people. The present study used a range of demographic techniques to identify the number of deaf Auslan users and to examine the settings in which sign language was used. Over 15,000 deaf users of signs were identified, with the majority using the language every day in interactions with deaf and hearing people. There was evidence of strong social and linguistic cohesion in the deaf community but no evidence that signing deaf people live in a “ghetto” where they do not communicate with hearing people. There was, however, evidence of high levels of unemployment and underemployment among deaf respondents to the study. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Speech communication under conditions of deafness or loud noise

Deafness and loud noise have the same effect on the reception of speech through telephone receivers: they increase the minimum distinguishable speech signal. When either condition becomes severe, satisfactory intelligibility is attained only if the speech is reproduced very loudly, and at times with intensities approaching those which give rise to a sensation of pain. This common feature is a reason for associating in the paper two otherwise distinct experimental researches. In the first part the range of hearing loss for which hearing aids may be useful is indicated, and their design then considered in a general way. A theoretical study indicated that, when speech signals have to be very loud in order to be distinguished, the greatest intelligibility can usually be expected if the amplification varies with frequency in a given way. Experiments which confirmed this conclusion by tests with a large number of deaf people are described, and the most useful amplification/frequency characteristic for a hearing aid is given. In the second part data are given concerning the noise existing in some armoured fighting vehicles, and the extent to which it may be excluded by ear-pads. The overall amplification/frequency characteristic of an intercommunication, or radiotelephone, system is not considered in such detail as is that for a hearing aid, but subjective tests are described which showed that, for the best results, the response should have no sudden changes with frequency.